essential oil, to the quantity of an ounce or more from three pounds. They also yield an oil upon expression. The essential oil obtained from aniseeds is the only officinal preparation in the Pharmacopoeia; it is grateful to the stomach, and may be taken in a dose of twenty drops. In diseases of the breast the oil is preferred, but in flatulencies and colics the seeds in substance are said to be more effectual. It is asserted that the oil is a poison to pigeons.. ANTHEMIS See Ox-EYE. ANTHOLYZA-See ETHIOPIAN ANTHOLYZA. ANTIDESMA-See MAJOE-BITTER, ANTIDOTE COCOON. CL. 22, OR. 5.-Diacia pentandria. FEUILLEA. NAT. OR.-Cucurbitaceae, This is named in honour of Lewis Feuillee, a French Franciscan monk, who travel led in Peru. GEN. CHAR.-The male calyx is bell-shaped, half five-cleft; the corolla is also half five-cleft and wheel-shaped; there are five stamina with twin roundish anthers, and the nectarium consists of five filaments, connivent or closing, placed alternately with the stamina: the female calyx and corolla as in the male, but with a green germ at the base; stigmas heart-shaped, styles three or five, and the fruit is a large trilocular apple, with a hard bark; the seeds generally twelve, flatted and orbicular. There are two species, one a native of the East the other of the West Indies, but it is doubtful whether they be distinct. Swartz affirms that they are not as much as varieties. CORDIFOLIA. Ghandiroba vel nhandiroba brasiliensibus. Sloane, v. 1, p. 200. Leaves heart-shaped angular The stem is suffrutescent at bottom, divided at top, with herbaceous branches, elimbing frequently to the tops of trees, roundish and very smooth. Leaves petioled, alternate, usually cordate, when more adult,. cordate lobed, the lower ones three-lobed, the lobes angular, thick, nerved, very smooth on both sides. Flowers racemed, dusky, yellow. Racemes in the male divaricating, loose, the subdivisions almost upright, alternate, many-flowered; flowers pedicelled. Calyx five-parted, the parts are convex, spreading, ovate, dusky. Filaments converging at the base, reflex, club-shaped, gibbous, with a sort of head at the end to which the anthers are fastened; these are ovate, open longitudinally in the middle, and are whitish. The five other threads forming the nectary are yellow. Barham gives this plant its old name of uhandiroba, or ghandiroba, and says, "The first time I met with this plant was in St. Thomas in the Vale, in that part called Sixteen-Mile Walk, in Jamaica; where I saw it climbing and running up to the tops of very high trees. It happened to have its fruit upon it. Its leaf very much resembles the the English ivy leaf; but its fruit is like a green calabash, only it has a circular black line round it, and two or three warts, or little knobs; the inside of the shell is full of white flattish beans, inclosed in a white membranous substance; and, when thorough ripe, the fruit turns brownish as a ripe calabash, and the beans or nuts are then of a lightish-brown colour, and have a thin hard crust, in which is a whitish kernel, full of oil, and excessive bitter. The nuts or beans, which are generally ten or twelve in a shell, are so close and compressed, that when I have taken them out, I never could place them so again as to make the shell contain them. "Piso saith, that he has seen whole families in Brazil, that have had violent aches and pains, got by the night-air, who have been cured with the oil of these nuts, which they may easily have growing in great plenty in most parts of America. It cannot be used in victuals, being so excessive bitter. A French gentleman some years past, brought me from Peru some of these nuts, and asked me if I knew what they were? I did not satisfy him whether I knew them, but asked him what the Spaniards called them, and what use they put them to? He told me, that the Spaniards called them avilla; and that they were worth their weight in gold to expel poison, and wished I could find them growing in Jamaica; which they do in great plenty, and the negroes I employed to get them for me called them sabo."-Barham, p. 113. This plant is frequent in the mountains, and generally found climbing among the tallest trees in the woods. It bears a pod which contains several broad, flat, seeds, of a reddish colour, when ripe. The seeds are largely impregnated with an oil, which is extracted by pressing, and burnt in lamps. The negroes burn the seeds themselves. They fasten a number of them upon a skewer, and, setting fire to the uppermost, it descends very gradually to the bottom. They are extremely bitter, and. when grated and infused in rum, or other spirits, a small dose opens the body and provokes an appetite. The infusion is also made with Madeira wine, and taken to relieve pains in the stomach. The oil gives a clear fine light when burnt in lamps, and emits no disagreeable smell. It is easily cultivated, by planting the seed at the foot of a tree or pole, it bears very luxuriantly.-Long, p. 718. The kernel sliced and infused with orange-peel and a little wild cinnamon, in rum, an excellent bitter and opening medicine: Infused in water and rum, good in all cold poisons.-Dancer, p. 387, 391. The seeds are said to be good for a person going into a dropsy, or a swelling of the 'face, feet, &c. and the following is the receipt:-Take eight or ten of the kernels, scrape and bruise them fine in a mortar; put the same into a bottle, pouring thereon a pint of old rum or brandy and the like quantity of water: let it remain in the sun two or three days, shaking the bottle frequently: take a wine-glass full every morning, fasting, and using moderate exercise before breakfast. An anonymous writer, in the Columbian Magazine, for July, 1798, who gives the foregoing receipt, states "that a young girl had been pronounced by the medical gentlemen in Spanish-Town in a dropsical state, and every thing administered as they thought necessary in such a case, but all in vain; for, on my subsequent removal to Kingston, I found the swelling much increased in her face, legs, and thighs, with a puffiness in her belly. A planter from Above-Rocks breakfasted with me; I called the girl to get some water; he was alarmed on seeing her condition, and advised the use of of the cocoon or antidote, observing that he had made a perfect cure of a girl in the same state. I proceeded according to his directions, and with the like success; it is now eighteen months since, and, thanks be to God, she is now in perfect health. I therefore think myself in duty bound to publish the same for the benefit of my fellow.. creatures." APPLE. PYRUS. CL. 12, OR. 4.-Icosandria, pentagynia. NAT. OR.-Pomaceæ. The generic name is from a Greek word for fire, as the pear or fruit draws up to a point like a flame. GEN. CHAR.-The calyx is quinquefid; there are five petals; the fruit is inferior, quinquelocular, and polyspermnous. The tree grows twenty or thirty feet high, having oval serrated leaves, and sessile umbels of whitish red flowers, succeeded by large roundish and oblong fruit, concave at the base. There are a great many species and varieties, but none yet introduced thrive well in Jamaica; they dege nerate and become dwarfish and sour. The best grows in St. Andrew's and PortRoyal mountains, but the trees do not bear many fruit, shooting too much into, wood. The fruit has seldom any seeds. CL. 21, OR. 8.—Monacia monodelphia. NAT. OR.-Conniferæ. GEN. CHAR.—The calyx of the male flower is a squammæ of an amentum; there is no corolla; the stamina are four, scarcely manifest: In the female flower the calyx is a squammæ of the strobilus, and contains two flowers; there is no corolla; the pistil has a small germen, awl-shaped style, simple stigma; and the seed is sur rounded with a membranaceous ala. Two species have been introduced, 1. OCCIDENTALIS. Strobiles smooth with blunt scales, branches spreading. This, the common arbor vitæ, has a spreading root, and the tree grows to a moderate height, it was introduced and planted in the botanic garden, Bath, by Dr. Clarke. It has a strong woody trunk, erect, and knotty, rising forty feet or more; the bark, while young, is smooth, and of a dark brown colour, but, as it advances in age, it be comes cracked. The wood is reddish, firm, and resinous. The branches are produced irregularly on every side. spreading nearly horizontal, and the young slender shoots frequently hang downward, thinly garnished with leaves; so that when the trees are grown large they make but an indifferent appearance. The young branches are flat, and their small leaves lie imbricated over each other like the scales of a fish; the flowers are produced from the sides of the young branches, pretty near to the foot-stalk, they are are small and yellowish; the male flowers grow in oblong catkins, and between these the female flowers are collected in form of cones. When the former have shed their farina, they soon after drop off; but the female flowers are succeeded by oblong cones, having obtuse smooth scales, containing one or two oblong seeds. The leaves of this tree, which is a native of North-America, are divided into many parts, oblong, compressed, and squammose, they are of a bright green, and have a rank oily scent, when bruised. There are three other species of this genus, orientalis, aphylla, and dolobrata. All of them are propagated by seeds, layers, and cuttings. This plant grows naturally in Canada in swamps and marshes, and is used, according to professor Kalm, for many medicinal purposes. It is much extolled for rheumatic pains. The fresh leaves are pounded in a mortar, and mixed with hog's grease, or any other; this is boiled together, till it becomes a salve, which is spread on linen, and applied to the part where the pain is. This salve gives certain relief in a short time. Against violent pains which move up and down, and sometimes spread all over the body, they recommend four-fifths of the leaves of polypody (polypodium fronde pinnata, &c.) and one-fifth of the cones of the thuja occidentalis, reduced seperately to a coarse powder, and afterwards mixed. With this powder, and milk-warm water, a poultice is made, spread upon linen, and wrapt round the body; but a cloth is commonly laid between it and the body, otherwise it would burn and scorch the skin. The decoction of the leaves is used as a remedy for the cough; and they use this at Saratoga for the intermitting fever. The wood is very durable, and used in buildings of all kinds, as well as cabinet-makers work. 2. ORIENTALIS, Strobiles squarrose with sharp scales, branches erect. This is a native of China, and rises to a considerable height. Its branches grow closer together than the other, and are much better adorned with leaves, which are of a brighter green colour, so make a much better appearance than the other, and being very hardy, it is esteemed preferable to most of the evergreen trees with small leaves in gardens. The branches of this tree cross each other at right angles. The leaves are flat; but their divisions are slender, and the scales are smaller and lie closer over each other than those of the occidentalis. The cones are also much larger, and of a beautiful grey colour; their scales end in acute reflexed points. These trees are propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. One of the orientalis, it is believed the only one in Ja maica, grows on Mr. Wiles's mountain, in Liguanea. GEN. CHAR.--Calyx a one-leafed perianthium, five-cleft, clefts subulate, upright, coloured, permanent; corolla one-petalled, five-parted, tube short; filaments subulate, upright; anthers acute, bifid at the base, converging at top round the style; germen superior, ovate, very small; style subulate and longer than the stamens, stigma simple; the pericarpium a roundish berry; seed single, roundish, E roundish, covered with a hard brittle bark, like a nut. There are several species, two of which have been found in this island... 1. TINIFOLIA. Jasminum forte, arboreum, foliis laurinis, obtusis latioribus atrovi. rentibus, flore pentapetalo racemosa purpurea reflexo. Sloane, v. 2,! p. 98. Flowers panicled, leaves elliptic, entire, nerved, stem arboreous. This rises about thirty feet high, having a clay or ash coloured smooth bark; its twigs, are set with smooth dark-green leaves, four inches long and two broad in the middle, having an eminent midrib and footstalks a quarter of an inch long. The flowers are purple and reflexed. It grows in Liguanea mountains.-Sloane. 2. CORIACEA. Flowers panicled, leaves oblong, entire, veinless coriaceous. Sw. Pr. 48. No English Name. CL. 21, OR. 4.-Monacia tetrandria.. ARGYTHAMNIA.. NAT. OR.-Tricocca.. The name is derived from two Greek words, signifying a little white shrub. GEN. CHAR.-Male calyx four lanceolate leaves; corolla four petals lanceolate-ovate, ciliate on the margin, shorter than the calyx; nectary four glands between the petals, roundish, depressed; filaments four, longer than the petals, approximated at the base, dilated, anthers simple; the pistillum the rudiment of the style: the female in the same raceme under the male, calyx a five-leafed perianthium, leaflets lanceolate; no corolla; germen ovate, somewhat three-cornered; styles, three, spreading, half two-cleft, each of the clefts bifid; stigmas lacerate; the pericarpium a tricoccous capsule, three-celled, six-valved; the seeds solitary and roundish. There is only one species: CANDICANS. Ricino affinis odorifera fruticosa minor, teucri folio, fructu tricocco. dilute purpureo. Sloane, v. 1, p. 133, t. 86, f. 3. Fruticosa, tota albida; foliis oblongis, nervis paucioribus arcuatis. Browne, 338. This shrub seldom rises above five feet in height, and the trunk and branches are covered with a whitish bark. The branches are four or five feet long, sometimes rising upward, and at other times lying along the surface of the earth. The twigs have leaves at their ends, standing round them, about an inch in breadth, oval, serrate, and of a very dark green colour, something like germander. Flowers axillary on very short peduncles. Calyx five-leaved; stamens six, greenish; seed-vessel tricoccous, green, becoming as big as that of heliotropium tricoccon, only it is smooth, and of a very The leaves, when bruised, are very odoriferous. pleasant pale purple colour. plant grows chiefly in the lower hills of this island, in dry gravelly soil. St. & Browne. The ateramnus of Browne has been referred to this genus, and both united to the order of euphorbias. This No |