(Suggested amendment.)

Besides the causes of dissolution and of nullity already declared in this title, and those which are common to contracts, the contract of sale may be dissolved by the exercise of the right of redemption.

SECTION I.

OF THE RIGHT OF REDEMPTION.

63. The right of redemption stipulated by the seller entitles him to take back the thing sold upon restoring the price of it, and reimbursing to the buyer the expenses of the sale and the costs of all necessary repairs, and of such improvements as have increased the value of the thing, to the amount of such increased value.

The seller cannot have possession of the thing until he has satisfied all these obligations.

Domat, loc. cit. no. 6.---Pothier, Vente, 385, 411, 421-3-4-6.--2 Troplong, Vente, 762.--6 Marc. p. 307-8.---C. N. 1659, 1673.

63a. When the seller takes back the property under his right of redemption, he receives it free from all incumbrances with which the buyer may have charged it.

Domat, loc. cit. no. 7.---Pothier, Vente, 430.---C. N. 1673.

64. The right of redemption, when no term is stipulated, is subject to the general rules of prescription.

If a term be stipulated, the time runs against minors and other incapable persons.

The right is not lost by the expiration of the stipulated time. It subsists until the buyer causes it to be declared extinct by the judgment of a competent court.

Domat, lor. cit. no. 9.---Pothier, Vente, 433 et seq.---Intr. to title 14 of Cout. d'Orl., sec. 2.

(The four following articles are suggested as amendments.)

64a. The right of redemption cannot be stipulated for a term exceeding ten years.

If it be stipulated for a longer term, it is reduced to the term of ten years.

C. L. 2546.-C. N. 1660.

646. The stipulated term is to be strictly observed. It cannot be extended by the Court.

C. L. 2547.---C. N. 1661.

64c. If the seller fail to bring a suit for the enforcement of his right of redemption within the stipulated term, the buyer remains absolute owner of the thing sold.

C. L. 2548.---C. N. 1662.

64d. The term runs against all persons, including minors, and those otherwise incapable in law, reserving to these such recourse as they may be entitled to.

C. L. 2549.---C. N. 1663.

65. The seller of immoveable property may exercise his right of redemption against a second buyer, although the right be not declared in the second sale.

Pothier, Vente, 396-8, 428.---Tropl. Vente, 728-9.---C. N. 1664.

66. The buyer of a thing subject to a right of redemption holds all the rights which the seller had in the thing. He may prescribe as well against the true proprietor as against those having claims and hypothecs on the thing.

Pothier, Vente, 385, 402 in fine.---C. L. 2551.---C. N. 1665.

67. Il peut opposer le bénéfice de discussion aux créanciers de son vendeur.

68. Si l'acheteur d'une partie indivise d'un héritage sujet au droit de réméré se rend ensuite acquéreur de la totalité, sur une licitation provoquée contre lui, et que ce droit ne soit pas purgé, il peut obliger le vendeur qui veut l'exercer, de retirer l'héritage en entier.

69. Si plusieurs ont vendu conjointement et par un seul contrat, un héritage commun entr'eux, avec faculté de réméré, chacun d'eux ne peut exercer cette faculté, que pour la part qu'il y avait.

70. La règle contenue en l'article précédent a également lieu, si le vendeur d'un immeuble laisse plusieurs héritiers ; chacun d'eux ne peut exercer le droit de réméré que pour la part qu'il a dans la succession du vendeur.

71. Dans le cas des deux articles précédents, l'acheteur peut, à son gré, exiger que le covendeur ou le cohéritier reprenne la totalité de l'iinmeuble vendu avec droit de réméré, et à défaut par lui de ce faire, il peut faire renvoyer la demande de tel covendeur ou cohéritier pour une portion seulement de l'immeuble.

72. Si la vente d'un héritage appartenant à plusieurs n'a pas été faite conjointement de tout l'héritage ensemble, mais par chacun d'eux de sa part seulement, chacun peut exercer séparément la faculé de réméré pour la part qui lui appartenait, et l'acheteur ne peut l'obliger à reprendre le tout.

73. Si un héritage a été vendu à plusieurs acheteurs ou à un acheteur qui laisse plusieurs héritiers, la faculté de réméré ne peut être exercée contre chacun d'eux que pour sa part; mais s'il y a eu partage entre les cohéritiers, la faculté de réméré peut être exercée pour le tout contre celui d'entre eux auquel l'héritage est échu.

SECTION II.

DE LA RESCISION DE LA VENTE POUR CAUSE DE LÉSION.

74. Les règles concernant la rescision des contrats pour cause de lésion sont exposées au titre "Des Obligations.'

CHAPITRE SEPTIEME.

DE LA LICITATION.

75. Si une chose commune à plusieurs propriétaires ne peut être partagée convenablement et sans perte; ou si dans un partage fait de gré à gré de biens communs, il s'en trouve quelques-uns qu'aucun des copartageants ne puisse ou ne

1

67. He may set up the benefit of discussion against the creditors of the seller.

C. L. 2552.---C. N. 1666.

68. If the buyer of an undivided part of an immoveable subject to the right of redemption become afterwards the buyer of the whole property, upon a sale by licitation instituted against him, and such right be not purged, he may oblige the seller who wishes to exercise it to take back the whole property.

2 Tropl. Vente, 744-5.---6 Marc. p. 304.---16 Duranton, no. 413.-C. S. L. C. c. 48, s. 5.---C. N. 1667.

69. If several persons sell conjointly, and by one contract, an immoveable which is their common property, with a right of redemption, each of them can exercise his right for the part only which belonged to him.

Dumoulin, Tract. de divid. et indiv. no. 582 et seq.---Pothier, Vente, 397.---2 Trop. Vente, 746 et seq.---C. ch. 7, sec. 5, title Of Oblig.-C. N. 1668.

70. The rule declared in the last preceding article applies also if one seller of an immoveable have left several heirs; each of the co-heirs can exercise the right of redemption for the part only which he has in the succession of the seller.

Dumoulin, Pothier, Tropl. locis citatis.---C. N. 1669.

71. In the case stated in the two last preceding articles the buyer may, if he think fit, compel the co-vendor or the co-heir to take back the whole of the property sold with the right of redemption, and in default of his so doing, he may cause the suit of such co-vendor or co-heir for a part of the property to be dismissed.

Dum. Poth. Trop. locis cit.---C. N. 1670.

72. If the sale of an immoveable belonging to several owners be made not conjointly of the whole property together, but by each of them of his part only, they may exercise their right of redemption separately, each for the portion which belonged to him, and the buyer cannot oblige him to take back the whole.

Poth. v. 396.---Trop. v. 754, 755.---6 Marc. p. 306 and authors cited by him.-C. N. 1671.

73. If an immoveable have been sold to several buyers, or to one buyer who leaves several heirs, the right of redemption can be exercised against each of the buyers or coheirs for his part only; but if there have been a partition of the property among the coheirs, the right may be exercised for the whole property against any one of them to whom it has fallen.

Dum: Pothier, loc. cit.-2 Troplong, Vente, 756 et seq. and Dum: & Tiraqueau, as there cited.--Č. N. 1672.

SECTION II.

OF THE ANNULLING OF THE SALE FOR CAUSE OF LESION.

74. The rules relating to the avoiding of contracts for cause of lesion are declared in the title Of Obligations. C. Oblig. art. 31, and suggested amendment.-C. N. 1674.

CHAPTER SEVENTH.

OF SALE BY LICITATION.

75. If a thing held in common by several proprietors cannot be partitioned conveniently and without loss, or if in a voluntary partition of a property held in common there be a part which none of the co-proprietors is able or willing to take, a

veuille prendre, la vente s'en fait publiquement au plus haut enchérisseur, et le prix en est partagé entre les copropriétaires. Les étrangers sont admis à enchérir à telle vente.

77. Le mode et les formalités à observer pour la licitation sont expliqués au code de Procédure Civile.

CHAPITRE HUITIEME.

DE LA VENTE AUX ENCHERES.

78. Les ventes par encan ou enchères publiques sont ou forcées ou volontaires.

Les règles concernant les ventes forcées sont énoncées aux chapitres 7 et 11 de ce titre et au Code de Procédure Civile.

79. Nulle vente volontaire à l'encan de marchandises et effets ne peut être faite par une personne autre qu'un encanteur licencié, sauf les exceptions ci-après :

1. La vente d'effets appartenant à la Couronne, ou saisis par un officier public en vertu d'un jugement ou ordre d'un tribunal, ou confisqués.

2. La vente des biens et effets d'une personne décédée, ou appartenant à une communauté de biens dissoute, ou à quelque église.

3. La vente faite dans les campagnes, sans but commercial, par des habitants, de leur mobilier, grains, bestiaux et effets autres que des marchandises et fonds de commerce, soit qu'ils changent de résidence ou qu'ils disposent de leur établissement d'une manière définitive.

4. Les ventes par encan pour taxes municipales en vertu du statut concernant les municipalités.

80. La vente par encan, faite contrairement aux dispositions contenues dans le dernier article ci-dessus, n'est pas nulle; elle soumet les contrevenants aux pénalités imposées par la loi.

81. L'adjudication d'une chose à une personne sur son enchère, et l'entrée de son nom sur le livre de vente de l'encanteur, complètent la vente, et il devient propriétaire de la chose aux conditions publiées par l'encanteur, nonobstant la règle contenue en l'article 254 du titre "Des Obligations." Le contrat, à dater de ce moment, est régi par les dispositions applicables au contrat de vente.

82. Si l'acheteur ne paie pas le prix auquel la chose lui a été adjugée, conformément aux conditions de la vente, le vendeur peut, après en avoir donné avis suffisant et selon l'usage, remettre la chose en vente à l'enchère, et si la revente de la chose rapporte un prix moindre que celui pour lequel elle avait été adjugée au premier acheteur, le vendeur a droit de répéter de lui la différence ainsi que tous les frais de la vente. Mais si la revente rapporte un prix plus élevé, le premier acheteur n'en retire aucun profit au delà des frais de la revente, et il ne lui est pas permis d'y enchérir.

public sale of it is made to the highest bidder, and the price is divided among them.

Strangers are admitted to bid at such sale.

Pothier, Vente, 515.-C. S. L. C. c. 48, ss. 3, 5.---C. Minorité, art. 59.---C. N. 1686.

77. The manner and formalities of proceeding in sales by licitation are declared in the Code of Civil Procedure. C. N. 1688.

CHAPTER EIGHTH.

OF SALE BY AUCTION.

78. Sales by auction or public outcry are either forced or voluntary. The rules relating to forced sales are declared in chapters seven and eleven of this title, and in the Code of Civil Procedure.

79. The voluntary sale by auction of goods, wares, merchandize or effects, cannot be made by any person other than a licensed auctioneer, subject to the following exceptions:

1. The sale of goods or effects belonging to the Crown, or seized by a public officer under judgment or process of any Court, or as being forfeited;

2. The sale of goods and effects of deceased persons or belonging to any dissolution of community of property or to any Church;

3. Sales by the inhabitants in the rural districts, not for trading purposes, of their furniture, grain, cattle, and other property not being merchandise and stock in trade, when changing their residence or finally disposing of the same;

4. Sales by auction for municipal taxes under the act respecting municipalities.

C. S. L. C. c. 5, ss. 1, 2, 7.

80. The sale by auction contrary to the provisions contained in the last preceding article, is not null; it subjects the contravening parties to the penalties imposed by law.

81. The adjudication of a thing to any person on his bid or offer, and the entry of his name in the sale book of the auctioneer completes the sale to him, and he becomes owner of the thing, subject to the conditions of sale announced by the auctioneer, notwithstanding the rule contained in the article 254 of the title "Of Obligations." The contract from that time is governed by the rules applicable to the contract of sale.

Smith, Merc. Law, (Edit. 1859) pp. 496, 507.---Chitty, on contracts, (Am. Ed. 1855) p. 308, note 2; p. 389, note 1.---Kent's Com. (5 Edit.) 539, 540.-1 Sugden, V. and P., c. 3, s. 3, p. 130.-C. L. 2586, 2587.

82. If the purchaser do not pay the price at which the thing was adjudged to him, in conformity with the conditions of sale, the seller may, after having given reasonable and customary notice thereof, again expose the thing to sale by auction, and if at the re-sale the price obtained for the thing be less than that for which it was adjudged to the first purchaser, the seller may recover from him the difference and all the expenses of the re-sale. But if at the re-sale a greater price be obtained for the thing, the first purchaser is not entitled to the benefit thereof, beyond the expenses of the re-sale, and he is not allowed to bid at such re-sale.

Chitty, on contracts (Am. Edit. 1855) p. 430 and note 2, and note 4 for cases cited.---2 Kent's Com. (5th Edit.) p. 504.Maxham & al, vs. Stafford, 5 L. C. Jurist, p. 105,---Ruston vs. Perry, no. 2155, 24th July, 1848, Montreal.-C. L. 2589, 2590.-Anc. Den. Vo. Folle Enchère, no. 3.-1 Pardessus, Dr. Com. no. 131, p. 258.-Pothier, Proc. civ. p. 254.