warrant the creation of an international police force, but the world is less prepared to-day for such an institution than were the American States when the Supreme Court of the United States was established without the power, which it does not yet possess, to enforce its judgments. But who shall say that public opinion has been less efficacious in compelling respect for and obedience to the decrees of that Court than physical force would have been?

It is improbable that any great Power in the world would even now become signatory to a convention calling into existence a world armed guard that would execute the judgments of a tribunal empowered to adjudicate all disputes between nations. It is doubtful, indeed, if any nation would submit itself to the use of force, internationally administered, to compel obedience to a world court's decree concerning simply justiciable issues. The United States might legally refuse to abide by any such decision, having the sanction of municipal law therefor. The Supreme Court (Vol. 130, p. 601) says:

"It will not be presumed that the legislative department of the government will lightly pass laws which are in conflict with the treaties of the country, but that circumstances may arise which would not only justify the government in disregarding their stipulations, but demand in the interests of the country that it should be so, there can be no question. Unexpected events may call for a change in the policy of the country."

And Justice Curtis, in a decision rendered in 1908, stated that, "while it would be a matter of the utmost gravity and delicacy to refuse to execute a treaty, the power to do so was

a prerogative of which no country could be deprived without deeply affecting its independence."

The surest step toward a solution of the foremost problem confronting the world would seem to be the creation of an international organ of public opinion, an institution for the examination of international causes, a world court for the trial of them and for the pronouncement of judgment. The rest must be left to public opinion. It will be remembered that the rock upon which the project to establish an international court of arbitration split was the jealousies of the great Powers, their unwillingness to permit smaller nations to a plane of equality with them. It is not an absolute equality for which President Wilson is working, but for an equality of right, of opportunity, established in justice and sustained by public opinion.

Such things can obtain only if there is a society of honor, and this society cannot be safe from intrigue, from corruption at its very heart, unless all the members are honorable. Professions are mockery, where there are contradictory deeds. Thus the declaration in Germany's reply to the Pope that "the material power of arms must be superseded by the moral power of right," unaccompanied by any assurances respecting Belgium, Serbia, Roumania, invaded France and occupied Russia would be revolting as coming from the Imperial German Government were not the world accustomed to the false enunciations from Berlin ever since Bismarck committed the Ems forgery

of fruitfulness embraces back-yards, vacant lots and hitherto untilled tracts of land in and around nearly every city, town and village in the country. Our country-wide survey locates nearly three million food gardens.

Germany reports that its war gardens produced more this year than since the war started. This any year shows the value of experience. We have had one year of experience, and it is conservative to state that by the planting of gardens the nation's food supply has been increased to the extent of more than $350,000,000. Next year we will do even better. We will then have more war gardens and the average product of each will be larger.

There is much evidence that our food gardens are helping our people to feed themselves more reasonably. The Editor of the North American Review says in the September number:-"Last spring, at garden-planting time we urged the increase of production, partly through intensified culture, to increase the yield per acre, and partly through the increase of acreage by the cultivation of neglected fields and even small plots in suburban and urban areas. How well this policy was executed is seen in the Report of the National Emergency Food Garden Commission, that the gardens of the country were this year more than trebled in area. Beyond question, this garden achievement has much to do with the fact that the increase in price of garden products in the year was only twenty-two per cent., or less than

one-fifth the increase in the price of breadstuffs."

The result will mean much for food this winter F. O. B. the pantry shelves of the homes of America and help us by feeding ourselves to feed our boys of the army and navy and our Allies. Our soldiers must all be fed, and the soldiers and people of France and England must be fed, and to a large extent fed by us, and we are going to do it. In the canning and drying of vegetables and fruits our women are contributing their share. The canning and drying movement has brought back to thousands of American households an art almost forgotten since our grandmother's day.

War has made Uncle Sam the biggest buyer of food in this country, and the board bill for his soldiers will be $800,000 a day.

We are to have two million men under arms shortly, according to the best reports. At forty cents a day it will be seen what that means. True, these men ate before becoming soldiers to make the world safe for Democracy. They doubtless then ate more than forty cents worth daily, which Uncle Sam figures is the cost per

try to-day. That means that food valued at $4,125,000 is taken out of the regular channels of trade production and consumption. These figures give but a small idea of the need of food conservation on the part of the individual at this time. The National Emergency Food Garden Commission urges every Soldier of the Soil to at once promote himself to a Colonel of Conservation and store garden food and can garden food as never before.

The glass jar manufacturers of this country have delivered to date about one hundred and nineteen million glass jars. A survey of the household supply of jars used for canning and preserving in some twenty typical towns throughout the country shows that the housewives of America this year will use but one new jar to over three and one-quarter old glass jars on hand, and all of them, old and new, have been filled or will be filled. Thus you see that speaking in conservative terms the home women of our country will conserve more than four hundred and sixty million quart jars of vegetables and fruits-certainly three times what has been accomplished before. Next year, profiting by their experience of this year, they will can, I believe, millions more, and more will be needed.

The Commission is, of course, gratified at the success of its work in behalf of food thrift. Great credit is due the press of the country for their splendid and liberal cooperation. The popular interest that has been aroused in gardening, canning and

drying is significant of the American determination to neglect no opportunity to strengthen the nation's war-time position.

Much has been learned this year by town and city people about the cultivation and value of the soil and the conservation of its products, so that we may look with faith and courage to still greater results for the next season when the need will be more urgent. I wish to emphasize the fact that there will be a greater demand for food for exportation next year than there has ever been before, and we must fill the demand.

I think this is a hopeful picture and in coming here to-day to meet you all, I come simply as another worker with the simple proposal that urban and suburban dwellers continue their good work, in joining with us, that we may jointly and with the best intelligence that we can mutually bring to bear, all of us, contribute our part in fighting with food. We are going to do our duty in this hour of trial. The fact is that this war is as much our war as it is the war of Europe, and unless we can keep the women and children of our allies fed, the western line of defence may be thrown back towards the Atlantic seaboard, and it is well within possibility in that case we would see the enemy's army even in Pennsylvania.

I want to praise the good women of this country because it is the women who really understand what the war means. It is my experience that the patriotic women of America have been practising thrift and that they know full well how to practise

economy without parsimony, but this year in addition they have added to their duties the patriotic work of food production and food conservation.

A thrifty woman is a blessing to mankind, and the women know very much more about real thrift than the men. Many men are extravagant in matters of this kind, and if they become thrifty, as they think, they in reality become stingy. Stinginess is not thrift. So, I say, all honor to the women of America who are doing their part.

We are going to win this war, and we are going to win it in one way by fighting with food. You cannot starve Germany, Ambassador Gerard has told us so, and from the available evidence I believe he is right, but we will starve our allies if we are so short-sighted and small and mean and unpatriotic as not to deserve the name of Americans. This must not be! It will not be!

We face a race of people under a government intent upon the mastery

"When the war is won, the United States will wish to be heard and will have a right to be heard as to the terms of peace. The United States will insist on a just peace, not one of material conquest. It is a moral victory the world should win. I think I

do not mistake the current of public sentiment throughout our entire country, in saying that our people will favor an international agreement by which the peace brought about through such blood and suffering and destruction and enormous sacrifice shall be preserved by the joint power of the world. Whether the terms of the League to Enforce Peace as they are will be taken as a basis for agreement, or a modified form, something of the kind must be attempted."—Wm. Howard Taft.

"The strange thing about all this muddle of misunderstanding in the past years is that we have discovered a common characteristic in both the Japanese and Amer

of the world.

The war seems far

away to most of us, but we are in reality fighting for our national existence and our fate as a free people. We will realize this more when the great stream of wounded and maimed of our soldier boys are sent back to us from France. Our soldiers are going to do their part. We are sending our friends and our sons to the front, and we who are at home not fit to carry arms, men and women, can carry on the good fight and do our part quite as well as the man with the gun. Thrift will do her part in securing success, but without thrift we will fail. I am sure you are doing your part, and I feel sure of victory, -a victory of arms and a victory of thrift-and when that victory comes there may be erected a simple monument commemorating this greatest event in modern history, and I hope there will be inscribed on it these words: "FOR DEMOCRACY AND CIVILIZATION - A WAR WON BY FREE MEN AND FREE WOMEN FOR HUMANITY."

icans. We have both been too confiding, and at the same time too suspicious and sensitive. We have harbored the German and we have received him as a mutual friend. His marvelous self-control and ordered existence, his system, his organization, and his all-pervading self-assertion, coupled with the insistence of the greatness of his fatherland, have appealed to us until, in a state of hypnotic sleep we have allowed him to bring us almost to the verge of mutual destruction. The agent of Germany in this country and in ours has had as his one purpose the feeding of our passions, our prejudices and our distrust on a specially prepared German concoction until, drugged and inflamed, we might have taken the irrevocable step over the edge, and at his leisure the vulture might have fattened upon our remains. This is not a picture overdrawn. It is true."-Viscount Ishii, Japanese Commissioner to the United States.