ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA

A

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL

INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME III

AUSTRIA LOWER to BISECTRIX

NEW YORK

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY

1910

Ref
AE
5

•E36
1910a
V.3

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910,

by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

A. C. P.

A. C. S.

A. F. P.

A. Go.*

A. G. G.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME III. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS,1 WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

ANNA C. PAUES, PH.D.

Lecturer in Germanic Philology at Newnham College, Cambridge. Formerly Bible, English.
Fellow of Newnham College. Author of A Fourteenth Century Biblical Version; &c.
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See biographical article: SWINBURNE, ALGERNON C.
ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST. SOC.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-
1901. Lothian prizeman (Oxford), 1892; Arnold prizeman, 1898. Author of
England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.
REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A.

Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester.

SIR ALFRED GEORGE GREENHILL, M.A., F.R.S.

{

Beaumont and Fletcher.

Balnaves;
Barnes, Robert;
Bilney.

Beza.

Formerly Professor of Mathematics in the Ordnance College, Woolwich. Author Ballistics.
of Differential and Integral Calculus with Applications; Hydrostatics; Notes on
Dynamics; &c.

A. HI.

ARTHUR HASSALL, M. A.

Student and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Author of A Handbook of European
History; The Balance of Power; &c. Editor of the 3rd edition of T. H. Dyer's
History of Modern Europe.

Austria-Hungary: History (in part).

A. H. N.

ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, LL.D., D.D.

Professor of Church History, Baylor University, Texas. Professor at McMaster

University, Toronto, 1881-1901. Author of The Baptist Churches in the United Baptists: American.
States; Manual of Church History; A Century of Baptist Achievement.

ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.

See the biographical article: Newton, Alfred.
ALFRED PETER HILLIER, M.D., M.P.

President, South African Medical Congress, 1893. Author of South African Studies;
&c. Served in Kaffir War, 1878-1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical
practice in South Africa till 1896. Member of Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and
Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895-1896. M.P. for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910.
ARCHIBALD SHARP.

Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent.

ALFRED ST HILL GIBBONS.

Azerbaijan; Bakhtiari;
Bander Abbasi; Barfurush.
Babylon; Babylonia and
Assyria; Belshazzar;
Berossus.

Bahia: State;
Bahia: City.

{Ballads.

Birds of Paradise.

Basutoland: History (in part);
Bechuanaland (in part).

{Bicycle.

Major, East Yorkshire Regiment. Explorer in South Central Africa. Author of Barotse, Barotseland.
Africa from South to North through Marotseland.

A. Sp.

A. St H. G.

A. W.*

ARTHUR WILLEY, F.R.S., D.Sc.

Balanoglossus.

Director of Colombo Museum, Ceylon.

រ

Austria-Hungary: History (in part);

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.

Bavaria: History (in part).

1 A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

V