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to substitute for them obligations to the League of Nations; and

Whereas it is desired also to free Greece from certain other obligations which she has undertaken to certain Powers. and which constitute a restriction upon her full internal sovereignty;

For this purpose the High Contracting Parties have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:

His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India :

The Right Honourable Edward George Villiers, Earl
of Derby, K.G., P.C., K.C.V.O., C.B., Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
Britannic Majesty at Paris;

And:

For the Dominion of Canada :

His

The Honourable Sir George Halsey Perley, K.C.M.G.,
High Commissioner for Canada in the United
Kingdom;

For the Commonwealth of Australia:

The Right Honourable Andrew Fisher, High Commissioner for Australia in the United Kingdom;

For the Dominion of New Zealand:

The Honourable Sir James Allen, K.C.B., High
Commissioner for New Zealand in the United
Kingdom;

For the Union of South Africa:

Mr. Reginald Andrew Blankenberg, O.B.E., Acting High Commissioner for the Union of South Africa in the United Kingdom;

For India:

Sir Arthur Hirtzel, K.C.B., Assistant Under-Secretary of State for India;

The President of the French Republic:

M. Alexandre Millerand, President of the Council,
Minister for Foreign Affairs;

M. Frédéric François-Marsal, Minister of Finance;
M. Auguste-Paul-Louis Isaac, Minister of Commerce
and Industry;

M. Jules Cambon, Ambassador of France;

M.

Georges-Maurice Paléologue, Ambassador of France, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

His Majesty the King of Italy:

Count Lelio Bonin Longare, Senator of the Kingdom,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
His Majesty the King of Italy at Paris;

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan:

Viscount Chinda, Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of
Japan at London;

Mr. K. Matsui, Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of
Japan at Paris;

His Majesty the King of the Hellenes:

M. Eleftherios K. Venisélos, President of the Council
of Ministers;

M. Athos Romanos, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of the
Hellenes at Paris;

Who, after having communicated their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

France and Great Britain hereby renounce, so far as they are concerned, the special rights of supervision and control devolving upon them in relation to Greece under the Treaty of London of the 7th May, 1832,* under the Treaty of London of the 14th November, 1863, and, as regards the Ionian Islands, under the Treaty of London of the 29th March, 1864.

France and Great Britain, recognising that under the present Treaty Greece undertakes obligations for the maintenance of religious liberties which are placed under the guarantee of the League of Nations, hereby renounce so far as they are concerned the rights conferred upon them by the Protocol No. 3 of the Conference of London of the 3rd February, 1830,§ to ensure the protection of religious liberties.

CHAPTER I.

ART. I. Greece undertakes that the stipulations contained in Articles II to VIII of this Chapter shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and that no law, regulation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations, nor shall any law, regulation or official action prevail over them.

II. Greece undertakes to assure full and complete protection of life and liberty to all inhabitants of Greece without distinction of birth, nationality, language, race or religion.

All inhabitants of Greece shall be entitled to the free exercise, whether public or private, of any creed, religion or belief, whose practices are not inconsistent with public order or public morals.

* Vol. XIX, page 33.
Vol. LIV, page 11.

+ Vol. LIII, page 19.
§ Vol. XVII, page 191.

III. Greece admits and declares to be Greek nationals ipso facto and without the requirement of any formality Bulgarian or Turkish (or Albanian) nationals habitually resident at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty in territories transferred to Greece by Treaties subsequent to the 1st January, 1913.

Nevertheless, the persons referred to above who are over 18 years of age will be entitled under the conditions contained in the said Treaties to opt for any other nationality which may be open to them. Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children under 18 years of age.

Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must, except where it is otherwise provided in the said Treaties, transfer within the succeeding twelve months their place of residence to the State for which they have opted. They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in Greek territory. They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export duties may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

IV. Greece admits and declares to be Greek nationals ipso facto and without the requirement of any formality persons of Bulgarian or Turkish nationality who were born in the territories referred to in Article III of parents habitually resident there, even if at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty they are not themselves habitually resident there.

Nevertheless, within two years from the coming into force of the present Treaty these persons may make a declaration before the competent Greek authorities in the country in which they are resident stating that they abandon Greek nationality, and they will then cease to be considered as Greek nationals. In this connection a declaration by a husband will cover his wife, and a declaration by parents will cover their children under 18 years of age.

V. Greece undertakes to put no hindrance in the way of the exercise of the right which the persons concerned have, under the Treaties referred to in Article III, to choose whether or not they will acquire Greek nationality.

VI. All persons born in Greek territory who are not born nationals of another State shall ipso facto become Greek nationals.

VII. All Greek nationals shall be equal before the law and shall enjoy the same civil and political rights without distinction as to race, language or religion.

In particular Greece undertakes to put into force within three years from the coming into force of the present Treaty an electoral system giving due consideration to the rights of

racial minorities. This disposition is applicable only to the new territories acquired by Greece since the 1st August, 1914.

Differences of religion, creed or confession shall not prejudice any Greek national in matters relating to the enjoyment of civil or political rights, as for instance admission to public employments, functions and honours, or the exercise of professions and industries.

No restriction shall be imposed on the free use by any Greek national of any language in private intercourse, in commerce, in religion, in the press or in publications of any kind, or at public meetings.

Notwithstanding any establishment by the Greek Government of an official language, adequate facilities shall be given to Greek nationals of non-Greek speech for the use of their language, either orally or in writing, before the Courts.

VIII. Greek nationals who belong to racial, religious or linguistic minorities shall enjoy the same treatment and security in law and in fact as the other Greek nationals. In particular they shall have an equal right to establish, manage and control at their own expense charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the right to use their own language and to exercise their religion freely therein.

IX. Greece will provide in the public educational system in towns and districts in which a considerable proportion of Greek nationals of other than Greek speech are resident adequate facilities for ensuring that in the primary schools the instruction shall be given to the children of such Greek nationals through the medium of their own langauge. This provision shall not prevent the Greek Government from making the teaching of the Greek language obligatory in the said schools.

In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion of Greek nationals belonging to racial, religious or linguistic minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share in the enjoyment and application of the sums. which may be provided out of public funds under the State. municipal or other budgets for educational, religious or charitable purposes.

The provisions of this Article apply only to the territories transferred to Greece since the 1st January, 1913.

X. In towns and districts where there is resident a considerable proportion of Greek nationals of the Jewish religion, the Greek Government agrees that these Jews shall not be compelled to perform any act which constitutes a violation of their Sabbath, and that they shall not be placed

under any disability by reason of their refusal to attend the Courts of Law or to perform any legal business on their Sabbath. This provision, however, shall not exempt Jews from such obligations as shall be imposed upon all other Greek nationals for the necessary purposes of military service, national defence or the preservation of public order.

XI. For a period of six months after the coming into force of the present Treaty Greece undertakes not to introduce any new regulations modifying the land system in the territories acquired by Greece under the Treaties. terminating the war of 1914-1919.

XII. Greece agrees to accord to the communities of the Valachs of Pindus local autonomy, under the control of the Greek State, in regard to religious, charitable or scholastic matters.

XIII. Greece undertakes to recognise and maintain the traditional rights and liberties enjoyed by the non-Greek monastic communities of Mount Athos under Article 62 of the Treaty of Berlin of the 13th July, 1878.*

XIV. Greece agrees to take all necessary measures in relation to Moslems to enable questions of family law and personal status to be regulated in accordance with Moslem

usage.

Greece undertakes to afford protection to the mosques, cemeteries and other Moslem religious establishments. Full recognition and all facilities shall be assured to pious foundations (wakfs) and Moslem religious and charitable establishments now existing, and Greece shall not refuse to the creation of new religious and charitable establishments any of the necessary facilities guaranteed to other privateestablishments of this nature.

XV. Greece undertakes within a period of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty to submit for the approval of the Council of the League of Nations a scheme of organisation for the town of Adrianople. This scheme will include a municipal council in which the different racial elements habitually resident in the town will be represented. The Moslems will have the right of participation in executive functions.

Greece agrees that the buildings set apart for Moslem worship in the town of Adrianople shall be declared inalienable in perpetuity, and that not even reasons of public utility may be adduced for departing from this principle.

XVI. Greece agrees that the stipulations of the foregoing Articles, so far as they affect persons belonging to racial, religious or linguistic minorities, constitute obligations of

* Vol. LXIX, page 749.

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