one country for crime committed in another is proposed or requested. In these cases the number of the former country precedes the decimal point and that of the latter follows a zero after the point. Thus, 265.011 would signify prosecutions in Italy (in lieu of extradition) of persons charged with crimes committed in the United States.

Class 3 covers private interests in general and their protection. Immediately after the class number comes the number of the country in which the interest is jeopardized or in which protection is sought. After the decimal point comes the country number of the nationality of the interest.

The sixth figure of the file number indicates the general category in which the case in question falls. Further arrangement is made alphabetically under the name of the party in interest.

Correspondence looking to the procurement of a concession or permit to do business in a country belongs in Class 8 rather than Class 3. Thus, the application of an American life-insurance company for a license to operate in a foreign country is classified as 8**.506.

CLASS 4. CLAIMS

The arrangement of this class is similar to that of Class 2, Extradition, the number of the country against which the claim is made following the class number, while the country number after the point indicates the nationality of the claim. All claims falling into each such division are arranged alphabetically under the name of the claimant.

A special arrangement is here made for those categories of claims which, originally lying against another government, are ultimately assumed by the government of the nationality of the claim, as against itself; thus: French Spoliation Claims, 411.051; Spanish Treaty Claims, 411.052.

CLASS 5. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES In this class are grouped matters of common interest to the governments or the people of several countries, whether forming the subject of treaty engagements or not. Exception, however, is made of conferences, etc., particularly affecting the affairs of a single state, as the Algeciras Conference of 1905, which is classed with political affairs in Morocco.

The arrangement of this class for convenience is made to correspond to the arrangement of Class 8, since the ground covered is substantially the same. A few special numbers are provided, however, at the beginning of the class for broad questions of international relations

This class treats of the trade of a country, its customs administration, import and export duties, export bounties, pure-food laws, etc., and their bearing on the commerce of other countries.

The country number immediately following the class number is invariably that of the importing country; that after the decimal point the exporting country; thus:

641.00 Imports of Great Britain.

641.11 Imports of Great Britain from the United States.

600.11

Exports of the United States to Great Britain.
Exports of the United States.

The sixth digit of the file number indicates: 1, general conditions affecting commerce, divided as between import and export trade; 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, laws and regulations of the importing country; 7, 8, and 9, laws, etc., of the exporting country; thus:

662.003 German import tariff.

662.113 German import tariff in its application to American commerce. 611.514 Food and drugs act of the United States, as applied to imports from France.

600.618. Export bounties granted by Russia.

The subject of commercial relations is made subordinate to that of customs, tariffs; thus:

611.6231 Commercial relations between the United States and Germany.

CLASS 7. POLITICAL RELATIONS OF STATES

Class 7 comprises international relations, diplomatic and consular representation, etc. While most treaties and conventions are included therein, exceptions are made, as the following:

Extradition treaties, Class 2.
Claims conventions, Class 4.
International treaties, Class 5.
Tariff convention, Class 6.

Postal conventions, Class 8

The subdivision 701 deals with diplomatic representation. Immunities, etc., come under 701.01 to 701.09. The number 701.** indicates the diplomatic service of a country, 701.** †† its mission near the Government of the country ††, while the body of foreign representatives (diplomatic corps) in a country is indicated by the number 701.00 ††.

Under 702 is similarly treated the subject of consular representation.

The exercise of good offices by the legation of the United States on behalf of the interests of France (51) in Venezuela (31) would be indicated by the number 704.5131. The broad relations of one state with another are indicated by the two country numbers following the class number, 7, the smaller number preceding and the greater following the decimal point; thus:

761.93

Relations between Russia and China.

CLASS 8. INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF STATES

This class, with a few exceptions, is confined to purely internal matters.

In Class 8, where two country numbers are used in a single file number, the smaller number precedes the greater, except where another order is specified.8

While the Index Bureau has the main body of Department archives, certain historical archives have from time to time been deposited in the Library.

[The next section, which will conclude the series, will be devoted to the duties of the Department and the buildings it has occupied.] GAILLARD HUNT.

8 Classification of Correspondence, 1911.

BOARD OF EDITORS OF THE AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

CHANDLER P. ANDERSON, Washington, D. C.

CHARLES NOBLE GREGORY, George Washington University.
AMOS S. HERSHEY, Indiana University.

CHARLES CHENEY HYDE, Northwestern University.

GEORGE W. KIRCHWEY, Columbia University.

ROBERT LANSING, Watertown, N. Y.

JOHN BASSETT MOORE, Columbia University.
GEORGE G. WILSON, Harvard University.
THEODORE S. WOOLSEY, Yale University.

Editor in Chief

JAMES BROWN SCOTT, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D. C.

Business Manager

GEORGE A. FINCH, 2 Jackson Place, Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

FRENCH PROTECTORATE ESTABLISHED IN MOROCCO 1

The editorial comment on the Moroccan situation, which appeared in the April number of the JOURNAL, endeavored to show the steps by which the choice portions of Northern Africa had been appropriated by France and Great Britain, and to explain the attitude of the Powers toward the further extension of French influence. The opposition of Germany to a French protectorate over Morocco was overcome after long and delicate negotiations, and a convention, in which Germany specifically waived objections to the political projects of France, provided the door was not closed to commercial equality, was signed on

1 In this brief comment a single aspect has been considered. The question as a whole is too important to be discussed summarily. An article will appear in a future number of the JOURNAL, which will examine the question in all its bearings.

November 4, 1911, approved by the legislatures of both countries, and ratifications of the declaration were formally exchanged. It was pointed out that Spanish interests were involved and that Spain would have to be reckoned with before the French plans could be carried out, even supposing Morocco would consent or had consented in advance to French domination. Negotiations are in progress between France and Spain, but it is understood that an agreement has not yet been reached.

The case, however, is otherwise with Morocco, for on March 30, 1912, a treaty was signed between France and Morocco, by which the latter consented to the establishment of a French protectorate.2 So far as the international status created by this treaty is concerned, Articles V and VI need only be consulted. Article V provides that France shall be represented by a resident commissioner general, who shall supervise the execution of the present agreement. This would not necessarily amount to the establishment of a protectorate, because France could be represented by a diplomatic agent or a consul general, and this official would properly represent the interests of his government under the present treaty, as well as in all other questions between the two governments. The name is, however, ominous, because a resident commissioner general suggests at once functions other than those performed by an ordinary diplomatic agent. The matter, however, is not left in doubt. The resident commissioner general is declared to be the sole intermediary of the sultanate with foreign representatives and in the relations which these representatives maintain with the Moroccan Government. He is especially authorized to take charge of all the questions concerning foreigners in Morocco. The sultan still remains sultan, but he is henceforth to be represented by the French commissioner general so far as foreigners within Morocco are concerned, and this official is designated as the sole channel of communication between foreign representatives and the Moroccan Government.

If the treaty stopped here, it might perhaps be maintained that the commissioner general is merely the organ or agent of the sultan for certain clearly defined cases, but the concluding paragraph of the fifth article authorizes the commissioner general "to approve and to promulgate in the name of the French Government all decrees rendered by his Shereefian Majesty." That is to say, the commissioner general not merely acts as an intermediary between the representatives of foreign Powers and the sultanate, but his approval of its proposed decrees is requisite, 2 Printed in SUPPLEMENT, p. 207.