Page images
PDF
EPUB

TIREY,* or TIREE, an island of the Hebrides in the county of Argyle. It is about 13 miles long, and its medium breadth 24. It contains 36 square miles, excluding its 24 lakes, which occupy 600 acres. About one half of the island is arable. The highest grounds do not rise above 350 feet above the sea, and such is the general flatness of its surface, that the waves are often seen from the one shore apparently several feet above the level of the other. The soil varies from a black mossy earth to sand, and the crops are bear, black oats, lint, and potatoes. Kelp used to be manufactured to the extent of 245 tons annually. The minerals in the island are gneiss, which forms nearly the whole of the island, granite, whinstone, ironstone, and limestone, bright green compact fedspar, pargasite, augite, sahlite, tremolite, which are described in our article SCOTLAND, Vol. XVII. It yields

a greenish marble of great beauty, and now in general use. There is a great number of caves in the hill of Kean-mharr, which forms the west extremity of the island. The island yields no fuel -neither wood nor peat, though large roots and branches of trees are found in the mosses. The duke of Argyle is proprietor of the whole island. The valued rent of Tyree and Col is 280l. 108. 3d., and the real rent of Tyree about 1810, kelp included, was nearly 3000l.

In 1800 the population was 3200. There were then in the island 1500 horses, 2000 cows, 1300 hogs, and about 880 sheep.

In 1821 there was 721 houses, 733 families, 467 of which are employed in agriculture, 48 in trade, and 4181 inhabitants. See Macdonald's General View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides, p. 719725, and Maculloch's Description of the Western Islands. See also SCOTLAND, in this work.

TITHES. See AGRICULTURE, p. 328-331, and LAW, Vol. XI. p. 778.

TINTORETTO, IL, whose real name was GIACOPO ROBERTI, was a celebrated painter of the Venetian school. He was born at Venice in 1512, and was the son of a dyer, from which circumstance he had his name. He died at the age of 82 at Venice, in the year 1594, leaving behind him a son and a daughter, both of whom practised the art of painting with success. An account of Tintoretto's style and pictures has already been given under our article PAINTING, Vol. XV. p. 310.

TITIAN, whose real name was Tiziano Vecelli da Cadore, was a celebrated painter at the head of the Venetian school. He was born of noble parents at the castle of Cadore in Friuli in 1480. He died of the plague at Venice in 1576 in the 96th year of his age. An account of his style and principal works have already been given in our article PAINTING, Vol. XV. p. 310-311.

TITUS VESPASIAN. See ROMAN Empire, Vol. XVI. p. 422.

TIVERTON, or TWYFORD-TOWN, a borough of England in Devonshire, is situated on the declivity of a hill between the rivers Exe and Loman. The town is nearly a mile long, and three

The

fourths of a mile broad. The four principal streets inclose a quadrangular space forming gardens, with a bowling green in the centre. The houses are chiefly of red brick or stone, and are covered with slate, but those on the outskirts of the town are earthen and thatched cottages. The castle, the church, the town-house, and the grammar school, are the principal buildings. grammar school is a fine building 170 feet long, erected in 1604. The castle seems to have been a quadrangle enclosing about an acre, and surrounded by walls about 22 feet high. Great part of the south and west walls, and portions of the towers at the angles still remain. The moat at the south side is converted into a good kitchen garden. The church is adorned with a good deal of interesting sculpture, and the tower, which is 116 feet high, is ornamented with battlements and pinnacles. The town-house is a strong edifice. The other public buildings are a neat chapel of ease erected in 1733, several meeting houses for dissenters, the market house, the hospital or poor's house, and two alms houses. This town has long been celebrated for its woollen manufactures, especially that of kerseys. The chief articles now made are serges, druggets, durays, sagotees, drapins, &c. Tiverton sends two members to parliament. In 1591 the plague raged in the town, which was afterwards destroyed by fire. In 1612 and 1731 it suffered greatly from fire. Population of the town in 1821, 997 houses, 1262 families, 124 ditto employed in agriculture, 979 in trade, and total population 6712. See Dunsford's Historical Memoirs of Tiverton, and the Beauties of England, vol. iv. TIVERTON in Rhode Island. See Morse. TIVOLI, anciently Tibur, a town of Italy, in the Campagna di Roma, about 18 miles N.E. of Rome. It is agreeably situated on an eminence, overlooked on one side by Monte Castali, and a circular range of the Sabine mountains. The town has a mean appearance, and contains a cathedral and several churches, the former being erected on the ruins of a temple of Hercules. The principal beauty of Tivoli arises from the falls of the Teverane, the ancient Anio, which flows quickly through the town, till it throws itself in a single mass over a precipice 100 feet high, and rushes through a chasm of the rock, into a deep cavern below, called La Grotta di Nettuno. A fine Corinthian temple, supposed to have been dedicated to Vesta, crowns the summit of the precipice. Only ten of its eighteen columns remain, with their entablature. Near this temple are four pillars of another temple, forming part of the wall of a modern church. In the vacancy are the remains of several Roman villas, particularly that of Adrian's villa, of great extent and magnificence. There are five freestone quarries in the neighbourhood, and the waters of the Teverone form, by their calcareous deposits, the Tiburtine stone. Population about 14,000.

TLASCALA, or TLAXCALLA, (the land of bread,) a government of Mexico, in the intendancy of Pueblos los Angelos. It is about 354 miles long, and

* Tir-Ii, Land of Ii or Iona, to which it belonged.

from 40 to 150 broad. The great chain, called the Cordillera de Anchuac, passes through the province for about 18 leagues in the west, and a range of mountains, covered with snow, crosses it on the north. The climate, soil, and productions, are the same as those of Mexico, which we have already described under that article.

Tlaxcalla, the capital, is built on the side of a high mountain, on the banks of a river which flows into the Pacific. It is said to have once contained 300,000 inhabitants, but they now amount only to 3400, of whom only 900 are Indians. The population of the province in 1793 was 59, 177, of whom 21,849 were males, and 21,029 female Indians. The capital stands in W. Lon. 98o 30', N. Lat.

19° 45'.

TOAD. See HERPETOLOGY, Vol. X. p. 400

401.

TOBACCO, (Nicotiana in botany,) is the vulgar name of a plant of stimulating and narcotic properties. It is said to have been first imported into Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about 1560, and to have derived its name from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was first found, or, as others say, from the island of Tobago. It received the name of nicotiana, or the ambassador's herb, from John Nicot, then ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought it from Lisbon, and presented some of it to Catherine de Medicis, and to a grand prior of the house of Lorraine, whence it received the name of Queen's herb and Grand Prior's herb.

According to Lovel, tobacco was cultivated in Great Britain before 1570, and the smoking of it is said to have been introduced by Sir Walter Raleigh, about 1586. See our article MATERIA MEDICA, Vol. XII. 430. p.

TOBAGO, one of the Carribee Islands in the West Indies, belonging to Great Britain. It is about 25 miles long, and its greatest breadth is 12 miles. It was discovered by Columbus in 1498. About 1632 it was colonized by the Dutch, under the name of New Walcheren. The N.W. extremity of the island is mountainous, but though its surface is unequal, yet no part of it is rugged or impassible. The soil is rich, and the island abounds with springs. It possesses numerous bays and creeks, many of which afford anchorage for vessels of 150 tons, while Halifax bay admits ships of 250 tons. The climate is more temperate than its proximity to the equator would lead us to expect, and it lies out of the line of the hurricanes that desolate the West Indies.

Tobago possesses almost all the plants that grow in the Antilles, and also those that are peculiar to Spanish Guinea. The most important of these are Indian corn, Guinea corn, peas, beans, figs, pine apples, pomegranates, oranges, lemons, limes, plantains, bananas, grapes, guavas, tamarinds, prickly pears, papas. The cocoa tree grows in great perfection. The animals in the island are wild hogs, peccaros resembling swine, armadillos, guanoes, badgers, and Indian rabbits. Horses, cows, deer, asses, sheep, and goats, have multiplied greatly, and were probably introduced by the first VOL. XVIII.-PART I.

settlers. Among the birds which frequent the coast, are herons, the pouched pelican, eagles of the Orinoco, and flamingoes. Among the indigenous birds are three varieties of humming birds, blackbirds yellow and black, white woodcocks, and a bird of the size of the sparrow, having its head and neck of the most beautiful red, the feathers of its wings and tails of a fine purple above, while underneath they are of a sky-blue color like its belly. In 1810, the exports of this island amounted to 170,787, and its imports to about 1200,000. West Lon. 60° 30'. N. Lon. 11° 16'.

TOBOLSK, the western government of Asiatic Russia, includes the extensive tracts watered by the Obi, the Irtysch, and the Yenisei. It is bounded on the north by the Northern Ocean, on the west by the Uralian mountains, which divides it from European Russia; on the south by mountains and deserts, which divides it from China and Independent Tartary, and on the east by Tobolsk. This vast country consists partly of the most dismal wastes, partly of steppes covered with saline lakes and marshes, partly of a fine grazing district, and partly by rich arable plains. The steppe of Barabinski is covered with the most luxuriant pasturage, and the district on the Tobel and its tributaries in the lower part of the country yield the most abundant crops of grain, and likewise the middle parts of the Yenissei and Obi. See our article RUSSIA, Vol. XVII.

Tobolsk, the capital, is a large city situated on the Irtysch. The principal buildings are the governor's house, the public offices, the foreign magazine, two churches, and a convent, all of which are built of stone. All the other buildings are of wood. East Lon. 68° 15'. Population about 16,269. North Lat. 58° 12'.

TOBY'S CREEK, now more correctly known as Clarion river, a branch of Allegheny river. The remote sources rise in McKean county, Pennsylvania, interlocking with those of Allegheny and of Sinnamahoning, branch of Susquehannah. Flowing by a general course S. W. by W. over Jefferson county, and thence separating Armstrong from Venango, falls into the left side of Allegheny river, after an entire comparative course of 120 miles.

TOCANTIN, river of South America. article SOUTH AMERICA, head of Brazil.

See

TODD, county of Kentucky, bounded W. by Christian, N. by Muhlenburgh, E. by Logan, and S. by Montgomery counties, Tennessee. Length from south to north 36 miles; mean width 17, and area 612 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 36° 37' to 37° 06', and in Lon. from 10° 04′ to 10° 22′ W. from W. C. Todd county occupies a part of the summit level between Greene and Cumberland rivers. The northern part slopes towards Greene, and gives source to creeks flowing northwardly into that river. The southern and larger section of the county declines southward towards Cumberland river, giving source to the higher northwestern creeks of Red river.

By the post office list of 1831, Todd county contained five post offices, at the following places: Elk

F

[blocks in formation]

TOLEDO, a city of Spain, in New Castile, situated on the summit and declivity of a steep hill, which is watered by the Tagus on its N. and W. sides. This hill occupies a narrow valley, surrounded with lofty mountains. The alcazar or palace, on the top of a hill, is a solid and magnificent structure, now used as a working establishment for the lower classes. The cathedral is a Gothic building of great magnitude. The hospitals of St. Cruz and St. John are elegant buildings. Besides these there are numerous churches and monasteries. There are here the remains of a Roman circus, a Roman aqueduct, and a Roman road. Population about 20,000. West Lon. 4° 11'. N. Lat. 39° 62′ 24′′. See Laborde's View of Spain.

TOLLAND, county of Connecticut, bounded by Windham E., New London S.E. and S., Hartford W., and Hamden and Worcester counties in Massachusetts N. Length from south to north 33 miles; mean width 12, and area 396 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 41° to 42° 02′ N. and in Lon. from 3° 09' to 5° 04' E. from W. C.

A minor chain of mountains traverses this county in a direction slightly inclining from north to south towards the northeast and southwest. This chain divides the county into two unequal sections. That westward from the mountains declines south wardly, and in that direction gives source to, and discharges Scantic, Hockanum, and Salmon rivers, which find a recipient in Connecticut river. This slope of Tolland contains the five townships of Hebron, Bolton, Vernon, Ellington, and Somers. The opposing, or eastern plain, though falling from a mountain chain which extends from south to north, really declines to the south very nearly, and gives source to the Willamantic and Hop rivers, the constituents of the Shetucket branch of Thames river, and contains the townships of Columbia, Coventry, Mansfield, Tolland, Willington, Stafford, and Union.

In 1831, by the post office list, there were, beside Tolland, the county seat, sixteen post offices, namely, Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Gilead, Hebron, Mansfield, Mansfield Centre, North Somers, Somers, South Coventry, Stafford Springs, Union, Vernon, and Willington.

Tolland, the seat of justice, is situated on one of the higher branches of Hop river, 17 miles N.E. by E. from Hartford, and 53 miles N.N.E. from New Haven. N. Lat. 41° 52'. Lon. 4° 30' E. from W. C.

In 1820 this county contained 14,330 inhabitants,

and in 1830, 18,806, having gained in 10 years 4,476, or a fraction above 31 per cent.

TOMBIGBEE, river of the United States, in the states of Mississippi and Alabama, rising by numerous branches in the northeastern angle of the former, interlocking sources with the Yazoo and Big Hatchee, flowing into the Mississippi and Bear Creek branch of Tennessee. The extreme sources of Tombigbee are in the Chickasaw territory, about N. Lat. 34° 30', and 12° W. from W. C. on a rather comparatively elevated plain, from which, flowing a little E. of S. about 100 miles, receiving numerous branches to its entrance into Alabama. For about one half of its course in the state of Mississippi, the Tombigbee separates the county of Monroe from the Chickasaw territory.

Entering the state of Alabama, the Tombigbee, already a navigable river, particularly for down stream vessels, deflects to S.S.E. receiving the Sipsey river from the north, and the Oaknoxabee from the west, continues by a very winding channel, but by comparative courses 60 miles to its union with Black Warrior river at Demapolis in Marengo county. At their junction, the two main branches of Tombigbee are very nearly of equal size, though the name of Tombigbee is continued in the united streams of that river and Black Warrior.

The Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa river rises by two main constituents, Locust Fork, in Blount, and Mulberry in Walker county. Uniting on the western border of Jefferson, after each branch has flown upwards of 70 miles, the now navigable Tuscaloosa continues the course of Locust Fork S.W. 80 miles to its junction with Tombigbee, as already noticed.

Uniting, the two vallies of Tombigbee and Tuscaloosa above their junction yields a surface approaching an equilateral triangle of 160 miles each side; but taking in the projecting curves, the area is about 14,000 square miles.

In that part of its course in Alabama above the influx of Tuscaloosa, the main stream of Tombigbee separates the counties of Pickens and Greene from the Choctaw territory. Below Demapolis the Tombigbee, by a slight elliptical curve to the westward, flows by a general comparative course. very nearly due south 100 miles, to its junction with the Alabama, to form Mobile river. The entire length by Tombigbee proper is about 270, and by Tuscaloosa 240 miles. These distances are, however, comparative bird's eye estimates. The actual channel is very tortuous, and may add onethird or more to the navigable modes of calculating river lengths.

If viewed geographically, the Tombigbee valley extends from N. Lat. 31° 06' to 34° 45', and in Lon. from 9° 24′ to 12° 24' W. from W. C. It has the valley of Yazoo and that of Big Hatchee N. W., Tennessee N., Coosa, Cahaba, and Alabama N.E., E. and S. E., and those of Pearl and Pascagonla S.W. Entire area 18,000 square miles. DARBY.

TOMBUCTOO, or TEMBUCтOO, a celebrated city of Central Africa, is said to have been founded in 1216 by Mense Soliman. It has always been

TOM

the emporium of the trade of Central Africa, and as it has never been visited by any European traveller or merchant, it has excited a curiosity which is now beginning to subside. The accounts of the size and magnificence of Tombuctoo have been greatly exaggerated; and when we compare the latest notices of it obtained by Captain Lyon, with the earlier accounts published by Mr. Jackson in his account of Morocco, we can scarcely avoid coming to the conclusion, that Tombuctoo will dwindle down into an African city of ordinary di

mensions.

According to Mr. Jackson, Tombuctoo is situated in a plain, about 12 miles north of the Niger; is 12 miles in circuit, is surrounded by sandy eminences, and has no walls. The houses are spacious, and of a square form, with an opening in the centre, towards which the doors open, and have in general no upper apartments. Close to the entrance door is a building consisting of two rooms, called a duaria, in which visitors are received and entertained, in order that they may not see the women, who are very handsome. The accommodation for travellers consists of a large house, with an open space in the middle, round which are rooms sufficient for containing a bed and a table. The profits on the trade to this place were said to be so great, that $5000 invested in European commodities at Mogadore, in Fez, would produce in one or two years a return of 20,000l.

An American sailor of the name of Adams, who was wrecked on the eastern coast of Africa in 1810, and detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the great desert, says that he resided several months in Tombuctoo, and he published in LonHe dedon in 1816 a narrative of his adventures. scribes the city as occupying nearly as much ground as Lisbon, but without walls and fortifications. The houses were not continuous. They consisted of a ground floor merely, were built with sticks, clay, and grass, and were furnished with the rudest domestic implements. The palace consisted of 8 or 10 small rooms on a ground floor, not even white washed, and built of clay and grass. Adams saw no shops at Tombuctoo. The articles of trade consisted principally of tobacco, tar, gunpowder, blue nankeens, blankets, earthen jars, and some silks. He states, that the city stands on a level plain, having a river about 200 yards from the town, on the south east, called La Mar Zarah, and 3-4ths of a mile wide.

The information more recently obtained through Captain Riley, an American, who was shipwrecked in 1815 on the coast of the Sahara, seems quite at He obtained it variance with that of Adams. from an African merchant, Sidi Hamet, by whom he was purchased and brought to Mogadore. Hamet described it as a large place, six times more populous than Mogadore. The population is entirely negro, and no mussulman is allowed to enter, unless 50 at a time from each caravan, and unarmed. But there is a distinct town, he says, which formed the residence of the mussulmen who were permitted to remain at Tombuctoo. separated from the other by a slim partition wall. A strong wall of stone and clay encircles the city,

It is

which is entered by four gates which are closed at night. The palace consists of the same materials as the wall, and is lofty and of considerable extent. The houses are chiefly built of reeds, though there are several of stone. A small river runs close to the town, but the Zolibib (Joliba) a large river, is at the distance of an hour's ride of a camel.

The most recent account of Tombuctoo is that of Captain Lyon, collected from the African merchants during his residence in Fezzan. According to him the town is walled; the houses very low, and with the exception of one or two wide streets, The immense irregularly built. The greater part of the habitations are mere huts made of mats. population ascribed to the city is supposed to have included the Kaffles from Morocco, Ghadame and Nibole, who arrived there in great numbers, and erected temporary huts, when compelled to remain during the rainy season, or till their merchandise is sold. In this way 10 or 15,000 inhabitants are apparently added to the population. Its port, called Kabra, about 12 miles to the south of it, was more a collection of storehouses than a town. The trade The Nil or Joliba is there very broad. consists in gold from Jenne, cotton cloths, leather and arms made in Tombuctoo and the surrounding villages. Tombuctoo has a language of its own, of which Captain Lyon has given a vocabulary. Tombuctoo is governed by a king or sultan, who possesses but little power. The city is about 90 days journey from Mourzouk, and the road thence Several merchants agree in sayis through Tuat. ing that the city is not larger than Mourzouk. It is distant from Downes, a large town or district on the Nil (Goulbi or Joliba) one day and a half east.

From these various statements it evidently appears that Tombuctoo is a place of ordinary size, and ordinary interest, which the cupidity of merchants, and the imaginations of travellers have exalted into the Eldorado of Africa. Distance from East Lon. the mouth of the Senegal about 1100. 1° 20'. North Lat. 17°. For farther information on this subject, see Jackson's Account of the Empire of Morocco, Chap. XIII. Adam's Narrative, London, p. 237. Lond. 1809. See also 1816, and Captain Lyon's Narrative of Travels in North Africa, p. 144-146, Lond. 1821. our articles AFRICA Vol. I. p. 185, and MOROCCO, Vol. XIII. p. 786.

TOMPKINS, county of New-York, bounded by Seneca county N. W., Cayuga N., Cortlandt E., Tioga S., and Seneca Lake separating it from Steuben county W. Length from east to west 30; Exmean width about 20, area 600 square miles. tending in Lat. from 42° 17' to 42° 38′ N., and in Lon. from the meridian of W. C. to 0° 36′ E.

The south side of Tompkins touches the dividing ground between the sources of Cayuta and Oswego Creeks, flowing southwardly into Susquehannah River, and those of Catherine's Creek flowing into Seneca Lake; Ithaca Creek entering the head of Cayuga Lake, and Owasco Creek flowing into Owasco Lake. The surface of the county is with but little exception hilly, indeed might be called mountainous, though the relative level is very dif

F 2

ferent. The arable surface along the southern side of the county exceeds an elevation of one thousand feet above the ocean level. The level of Seneca Lake is nearly four hundred and forty feet. Cayuga is a few feet lower, but no part of the county falls below 420 feet relative oceanic level.

The soil is very productive in grain, grasses, and fruit. The climate is sensibly effected by difference of height. The seasons of harvest, and the ripening of fruit, is not earlier, if so early, as on the margin of lake Ontario, a degree of latitude more northwardly.

By the post office list of 1831, there were 31 post offices in this county, at the following places: Bensonville, Burdette, Caroline, Cayuga Inlet, Danby, Dryden, Enfield, Etna, Fall Creek, Groton, Hector, Hector Falls, Ingersoll's store, ITHACA, the county seat, Jacksonville, Lansingville, Logan, Ludlowville, MacLean, Macklinburgh, Newfield, North Hector, North Lansing, Peruville, Reynoldsville, Scarsburgh, Slaterville, South Lansing, Trumansburgh, Vernon, West Dryden.

Ithaca, the seat of justice, Tompkin's county, stands on a point above the junction of two branches of Falls Creek, about two miles southward from the head of Cayuga Lake, 28 miles N. N.W. from Owego on Susquehannah, about 40 very nearly due N. from Athens in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, and by post road 290 miles from, and only 22 minutes E. of W. C. N. Lat. 42° 28'.

Ithaca is a very flourishing and commercial village, situated in a fine, well cultivated and picturesque vicinity.

Population of the whole county in 1820 was 20,681. DARBY.

TOMSK, the name of a government in Siberia, comprehending a great part of the districts situated on the Oby and the Yenisei. The capital of the same name is situated on the right bank of the Tarn, about 25 miles from its junction with the Oby. The greater part of the town is built at the foot of a mountain. The streets are narrow and crooked, and the houses out of line. The new part of the town contains more regular streets and better houses. Within the ruins of the Kremlin are the cathedral, the public offices, and the magazines for the tribute furs. The church of the Resurrection and two convents are the principal buildings out of the Kremlin. Population about 8000. East Lon. 85° 14', N. Lat. 56° 30'. See RUSSIA, Vol. XVII. p. 496, 497.

and Niagara counties. Again inflecting, and by a comparative course of 25 miles a little S. of W., falls into that channel of Niagara river which runs round the eastern side of Grand Island. In the lower part of its course Tonnewanta separates Niagara and Erie counties, and for the lower 11 miles serves as the channel of the Erie canal. Though elevated above lake Ontario from three to four or five hundred feet, the channel of Tonnewanta below Batavia has the appearance much more of a bayou of Lower Louisiana, than that of a river on the table land of western New York. DARBY.

[ocr errors]

TONQUIN. See TUNGKIN.
TOOFOA. See FRIENDLY ISLANDS, Vol. IX. p.

462.

TOOKE, JOHN HORNE, a celebrated English author, was born in Westminster in June 1736, and was the third son of a poulterer in Newport market. ket. From Westminster school he went to Eton, where he remained five or six years, and at which he lost one of his eyes. In 1755 he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of B. A. After officiating as usher in Mr. Jenning's school at Blackheath, he took doctor's orders, and obtained a curacy in Kent. His preference, however, of the law led him to enter as a student at the Inner Temple in 1756; but he was induced in 1760 to take church orders, and he preached for three years in the Chapelry of New Brentford, which his father had purchased for him. He afterwards accompanied to France the son of Mr. Elwes the celebrated miser.

His political life began in 1765, when he defended Wilkes and his friends in an anonymous pamphlet, entitled The Petition of an Englishman, and on his return to Paris he had an opportunity of making the acquaintance of that celebrated demagogue. A quarrel, however, again separated them in 1770, which arose out of some pecuniary transaction connected with the society which Horne had established for supporting the bill of rights. In bridge, in doing which he was opposed by some of 1771 our author took his degree of M. A. at Camthe members of the University, among whom was Mr. Paley. About this time he made great exertions to have the debates in the House of Commons

published in the daily papers, and his success was Wilkes and Almon. In 1771 Mr. Horne was atdoubtless owing to the aid he received from tacked by Junius, to whom he replied in two very able letters, which are published in the works of that mysterious name. In 1773 he formally re

TONGA, and TONGATABOO. See FRIENDLY signed his living, and devoted himself to the proISLANDS, Vol. IX. p. 461.

TONNEWANTA, river of New-York, the most remote sources of which are in the southern side of Genesee county, interlocking sources with those of Cattarangus river, Buffaloe Creek, and Wiscon Creek of Genesee river. Flowing thence a little east of north, by comparative courses, twenty-five miles to Batavia, the seat of justice for Genesee county. Here it inflects to N.W. by W. 14 miles to the boundary line between Genesee and Erie

fession of the bar. An accident, however, now occurred which influenced his future fortune. Mr. Tooke of Purley in Surry, had made an ineffectual opposition to an inclosure bill which was passing rapidly through the house, and which he regarded as highly injurious to his estate. In this emergency he consulted Mr. Horne, who recommended the strange remedy of a libel upon the Speaker, which he undertook to write. It accordingly appeared in the Public Advertiser. As the avowed author of it, Mr. Horne was called to the bar of

« PreviousContinue »