156.

war right only, 153.
damages for wrongful exercise of,
convoy armed, does not exempt
from, 154.
resistance to, penalty of, 154, 155.
ships of war exempt from, 155.
for seamen denied by the United
States, 155 n. (b).
Sedgwick, on damages, ii. 15 note.
Seizures, jurisdiction of, in admiralty courts,
372, 374, 376.

what courts inquire into validity of,
410, (see State Courts.)

Self-defence, 48, ii. 15.
Senate of the United States, how chosen,
224, 225.

stability and character of, 226, 228.
power in making treaties, 284, 285.
Senators, how chosen, 225, 226, 228.
Sergeant-at-arms, cannot arrest by deputy,
236 note.
Set-offs, against United States, 297 n. (e).
Sheppard's Touchstone, 509.
Ships, foreign armed, exempt from local
jurisdiction, 155, 156 n. (a).
process may be served in, 156 n. (a).
merchant, how far exempt, 156 n. (a).
neutral, do not protect enemy's
property, 124, 125, 127.

Slave-trade, declared piracy

by United
States, 194.

held not piracy under act of 1820,

194 note.

legislation of United States in re-
spect to, 193, 194.
British legislation and treaties, 194 -
Solicitor of the treasury, 308 note.
Sovereign may sue in other states, 297 and

197.

439.

may not require license of import-
ers, 439 and note.
concurrent powers of, 387, 395, 404

notes.

grant of powers to congress not
necessarily conclusive, 387-390.
concurrent powers in regard to mi-
litia, 389, 390.

taxation by, 391 - 394.
debts, assumption of, 394 note.
laws of, not affect federal process,
394, 395.
when may be rule of decision in
federal courts, 395.
governor of, power to pardon of-
fences against U. S. 399.
one cannot enforce criminal law of
another, 403.
constitutional restrictions upon the
power of, 407.
may use military power to put down
insurrection, 407 note.
powers denied to, by federal consti-
tution, 407.
not emit bills of credit, 407, 408.
not pass ex post facto laws, 408, 409.
no control over federal laws or
courts, 409.

not control or obstruct federal offi-
cers, 410.
not interfere with each other, 412.
not to tax national institutions,
425.

not pass laws impairing the obliga-
tions of contracts, 413, (see Obli-
gations.)
may not impair its own contracts or
grants, 414, 415, 419 and notes.
their control over mail carriers, 411.
may regulate the remedies on con-
tracts, 419 note.
not to govern ceded places, 428.
not pass naturalization laws, 423.
foreign, acquired by purchase, 258,
259.
courts, concurrent jurisdiction of,
395, 397, 398, (see State.)
not controllable by injunctions from
U. S. courts, 411, 412.
how far congress may confer juris-
diction upon, 399, 400, 401.
jurisdiction of, in suits against a
state, 400 note.
jurisdiction of, fines or forfeitures to
U. S. 401, 402, 403, 404.
appeal from, to federal courts, 403.
not enforce penal laws of congress,
403, 404.

jurisdiction of, over fugitives from
service, 404 notes.

no control over federal, 409.
not issue mandamus to federal offi-
cers, 410.

404.

powers under acts of congress, 306.
Statutes, supreme, unless restricted by con-
stitution, 447, 448.
judiciary may declare unconstitu-
tional, 449, 454.
time of taking effect, 454, 456, 459.
retroactive, not to be presumed un-
less remedial, 455, 458, 456
n. (a).
cannot impair obligation of con-
tracts, 455 and notes.

declaratory, 456 n. (c).
public or private, 459.
judicial notice of, 460.

interpretation of rules for, 460–465,

468.

to be construed in reference to the
principles of the common law, 464.
temporary, effect of, 465.
repeal of, 465, 466.

effect of repeal, 465.

penalty, implies prohibition, 467.
cumulative, 467 ǹ. (h).
revival of, 465.

ex post facto, prohibited, 408, 409.
old English, 473.

construction of, 460–465, 468.
saving clauses and provisos, 462,

463.

when may means shall, 467 n. (b).
in pari materia, 463.

repeal of, by implication, 466, n. (k).
Steamboats, monopoly, history of, 432, 433.
Story, Joseph, on the constitution of the
United States, 241 note.
Suffrage, qualifications for the exercise of,
229 and note.

Suit, defined, 297 note.
Sugden's Treatise, 513.
Summary convictions, ii. 12 note
Supreme Court, reports of, 442.
its institution, 298.

its exclusive jurisdiction, 298, 314,
315.
its appellate jurisdiction, 298, 299,
note, 313, 316, 324-330.
its jurisdiction to grant habeas cor-
pus, 300, 301.
its jurisdiction over inferior courts,

W.

Walworth, Chancellor, 496 note.
War, legal definition of, 61 n. (h).

when justifiable by law of nature, 48.
how far justifiable by treaties, 49.
declaration of, by whom made, 51.
declaration of, mode and form of,
52, 53.
declaration of, not always formally
made, 53, 54, 55.
legal effect of, on subjects of belliger-
ents, 55.
commencement of, effect on persons
and property of enemy's subjects,

War, contraband of, 135, 136.

ancient rules of, 90, 91.
plunder during, on lands, 90, 92.
effect of, as to citizens, 94.

citizens may not engage in foreign,
99, 100.

just causes of, 23, 24.
War, (see Truces and Blockade.)
Warrant, Speaker's, need not specify of-
fence, 236 note.

Wood's Institutes, 512.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 490, 491.
Words in a statute to be taken in their
plain and obvious sense, 462.
Wright's Tenures, 512.
Written Law, part of municipal law, 447,

Y.

448.

27 431STL

BR

10/96 53-004-07 GE

5480 |