[ 556 ] NEW PATENTS: April 18. [July 1, (From the Repertory of Arts, Nos. 156 and 157.) CHARLES GENT, Congleton, silk-nufacturing wire of every description.throwster, and SQUIRE CLARK, of the same place, whitesmith; for a method of making a swift, and other apparatus thereto belonging, for the purpose of winding silks.-Dated March 21, 1815. RICHARD SMITH, Tibbington house, iron-master; for improvements in smelting iron stone or iron ore, lead or copper ore, and other mineral or metallic substances; also of refining crude iron, lead, copper, gold, silver, tin, and all other metals or metallic bodies, and of making and manufacturing iron. — March 29. WILLIAM VAUGHAN PALMER, Ilminster, esq.; for a method of twisting and laying hemp, flax, ropes, twine, line, thread, molair, wool, cotton, silk, and metals, by machinery, whereby considerable saving of manual labour is effected, -April 4. THOMAS BAGOT.Birmingham, surveyor; for a method and machine for passing boats, barges, and other vessels, from a higher to a lower level, and the contrary, without loss of water. -April 4. WILLIAM LOSH, Point I'leasant, Northumberland, iron-founder; for a plan for fire-places or furnaces, for heating ovens and boilers, and the water and other liquids contained in boilers, and for converting such water or liquids into steam, for the purpose of working eugines, and for other uses in manufacture. -April 8. JOSHUA SHAW, May-street, Fitzroy square, artist; for certain improvements in the tool called the glaziers' diamond. -April 14. WILLIAM BELL, Birmingham, engineer; for a method of making and ma MICHAEL BILLINGSLEY, of Bowling Iron-works, Bradford, engineer; for im provements in the steam-engine.--Apr.20. SAMUEL JOHN PAULEY, Charing-cross, civil engineer; and DURS EGG, Strand, gun manufacturer; for certain aerial conveyances, and vessels to be steered by philosophical or chemical, or mecha nical means, and which meaus are also applicable to the propelling of vessels through the water, and carriages or other conveyances by land.-April 25. JACOB WILSON, Welbeck-street, cabinet-maker; for certain improvements in bedsteads and bed-furniture.-April 27. WILLIAM BUSH, jun. Saffron Walden, surveyor; for a method for preventing accidents, from horses falling with twowheeled carriages, especially on steep declivities.-April 29. PETER MARTINEAU, jun. Canonburyhouse, and JOHN MARTINEAU, jun. Stamford-hill, gents.; for their new method of refining and clarifying certain vegetable substances.-May 8. CHARLES PITT, Strand; for his method for the security and safe conveyance of small parcels, and remittances of property of every description.-May 11. SAMUEL PRATT, Holborn, trunk-maker; for a wardrobe trunk for travellers.May 11. JOHN JAMES ALEXANDER M'CARTHY, Arlington-street, sculptor; for a method of paving, pitching, or covering streets, roads, and ways.-May 11. ARCHIBALD KENRICK, West Bromwich, founder; for certain improvements in the mills used for grinding coffee, malt, and other articles.-May 23. a compensation for the deficiency of her own contingent, the full amount of which would have been 150,000 men. Holland, moreover, receives two millions towards putting her fortresses in a state of defence, and another million for ceding to Britain her colonies of Demerara, Ber bice, and Issequebo. Sweden is like wise to have one million for relinquishing her claim to the island of Guade loupe, which had been ceded to her by treaty, but which she agreed to renounce in favour of Louis XVIII.-To meet this vast expenditure, the Chancellor of the Exchequer has had recourse to a loan of thirty-six millions, besides obtaining from Parliament a vote of credit for six millions more. Whether any subsidies are to be granted to Spain, Portugal, and Sweden, appears as yet undecided; nor is it, indeed, yet clear that Portugal is disposed to co-operate in the contest. On the 14th of June, the Louse having resolved itself into a Committee of Ways and Means, the Chancellor of the Exchequer submitted to it the budget for the ensuing year. The general items of expenditure were the following 857 9,760,914 £79,068,113 To meet this expenditure the right hon. Annual Duties Surplus Consolidated Fund War Taxes Loan GERMANY. 2,000,000 3,000,000 22,000,000 250,000 508,500 6,000,000 18,195,000 27,000,000 £ 79,893,530 The sovereigns of Russia and Prussia quitted Vienna on the 25th of May, and the Emperor of Austria on the 27th. The King of Prussia repaired to his capital previously to joining his army, but the two Emperors proceeded to the head quarters of the Austrian army, which were expected to be removed to Manheim on the 13th of June. It is confi dently asserted that, previously to the departure of these monarchs from the 18,644,200 Austrian capital, every object of impor tance relative to the politics of Europe had been definitively adjusted; so that the Congress may be considered as virtually dissolved. The affairs of Poland are finally arranged, and that country, retaining the title of a kingdom, is united to Russia. The King of Saxony, making a virtue of necessity, has at length submitted to the partition of his dominions prescribed by the Congress, and accord6,000,000 ingly concluded a treaty with Prussia, which was signed at Vienna on the 18th, and ratified on the 21st May. On account of the new provinces thus acquired, the King of Prussia assumes the titles of Duke of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia, Margrave of the two Lusatias, and Count of Henneberg. They comprehend the larger half of the late kingdom of Saxony, in point of extent, and about 800,000 out of the two million souls subject to that sceptre. The King arrived in his capital on the 7th of June. 39,150,756 9,000,000 200,000 942,327 3,000,000 81,368,920 8,360,000 89,728,926 NEW MONTHLY MAG.-No. 18. It is asserted that the Germanic constitution, founded on a federative system of the several states, bas received the concurrence of the leading powers, by which it will be subalitted to VOL. III. 4 D 558 Military Operations in Italy. the acceptance of the plenipotentiaries of the other German princes, who have for that purpose remained at Vienna. Berthier, who accompanied the King in his flight from France, put an end to his life in the beginning of June, by throwing himself out of a window of the palace at Bamberg. His motives for this act are variously represented; some accounts stating that he regretted his emigration, and wished to return to France, but was refused passports; while others assert that he had been endeavouring to tamper with some of the Bavarian generals, and was reduced to despair by the failure and discovery of his intrigues. The Austrians were expected, according to the latest accounts, to cross the Rhine early in June, without waiting for the whole force of the Russians, as was originally intended. Their first army, 30,000 strong, has however arrived on the Rhine, and two others cqually nu merous are following with all possible expedition. The late events in the north will doubtless accelerate the movements of the Allies in this quarter. ITALY. In our last number we left the victorious Austrian armies under Generals Bianchi, Neipperg, and Nugent, in full pursuit of the fugitive Murat, and we have now the satisfaction of completing the detail of those operations which have restored the kingdom of Naples to its legitimate sovereign. On the 27th of April the advanced guard of the centre of the Austrian army reached Foligno, and thus effectually cut off Murat from Rome, as well as from the principal line of communication with Naples. Neipperg, with the left wing, skirted the coast of the Adriatic; while Nugent with the right proceeded by Rome. Murat, perceiving the extreme danger of his situation, left a strong rearguard at Sinigaglia to detain Gen. Neipperg, and marched with his main force towards Foligno, with the intention of cutting his way through the army of Gen. Bianchi. Though the latter had marched with such rapidity that the whole of his troops had not yet come up, he nevertheless determined to dispute the possession of the great road with the enemy, and for this purpose took a strong position on the river Chienti. Here he was attacked on the 2d of May by Murat, whose efforts, repeated during the whole day, were completely foiled. He renewed the charge on the 3d with no better success; repulsed at all points, he retired upon Macerata, pursued by Gen. Mohr. [July 1, In these actions and the retreat, his loss in killed and wounded was very great, and 1200 prisoners were taken by the Austrians. He now found himself necessitated to resume his retreat along the east coast of Italy, through roads so ill adapted to the passage of an army, that he was obliged to embark his artillery in a port of the Adriatic. Bianchi, still hoping to intercept his enemy before he could reach the capital, marched forward in order to effect a junction with the corps of Gen. Nugent. The latter had entered the Neapolitan territory by way of Rieti, taken the important fort of Aquila, and advanced into the heart of the country, driving before him the army of the interior across the Garigliano to St. Germano. Here that force was joined on the 14th by Murat, with a considerable body of the main army. Having now a great superiority, he attacked the Austrians, who retired in the best order to their position upon the Garigliano. This attack was probably designed to secure the escape of Murat, who immediately afterwards fled to Naples. Meanwhile a small British squadron under Commodore Campbell, after tak ing the French frigate Melpomene, in her attempt to escape from Naples, had entered the bay, and threatened to bombard the city. To obviate the distressing consequence of the execution of this menace, Madame Murat entered into a capitulation on the 11th with the British commander, by which the Neapolitan ships, naval arsenals, and dock-yards, were placed at the joint disposal of his Britannic Majesty and Ferdinand IV. Such was the state of things when King Joachim reached Naples, where he must have preserved a strict incognito. He left the city as secretly as he entered it, and embarking in a vessel belonging to Elba, arrived on the 25th of May at Cannes, in Provence, whence he proceeded to the French capital. Gen. Nugent, finding that the Neapolitan army of the interior had evacuated St. Germano, and taken a strong posi tion at Mignano, attacked them in the night of the 17th, made a great number of prisoners, and completely dispersed the rest of this force. The following day he was joined by Gen. Bianchi, who immediately advanced against Capua. Carascosa, whom Murat had left as commander-in-chief of the relics of the Neapolitan army, finding all farther resistance useless, signified a wish to negociate. The result was a convention, 1815.] Restoration of Naples to Ferdinand IV. concluded on the 20th at Casa Lanzi, near Capua, by which the whole of the kingdom of Naples, with the exception of Gaeta, Pescara, and Ancona, (to which fortresses Carascosa's command did not extend) was ceded to the allied forces acting in the name of Ferdinand IV., who were to enter the capital on the 23d. The inhabitants of Naples had already risen against the partisans of Murat, and compelled his wife to seek refuge on board the British squadron. At her solicitation the marines were landed to keep order in the city, and for the same reason, at the pressing request of Carascosa himself, the Austrians entered it on the 22d. Madame Murat, in placing herself under the British protection, had stipulated that herself and family should be conveyed to France; but Lord Exmouth, on his arrival with the fleet under his command, refused to ratify this condition, and it was agreed that she and her children should be sent in a British vessel to Trieste, there to await the dispositions of the Austrian cabinet respecting her. General Bianchi, when he entered Naples, was accompanied by Prince Leopold, the second son of the legitimate sovereign, who immediately issued a proclamation announcing the speedy return of his royal father, and promising a general amnesty to all who had, rather from the imperious circumstances of the times than from inclination, embraced the party of the usurper. An expedition, consisting of about 6000 English and Sicilian troops, landed at Naples on the 23d; and the latest accounts from Palermo, which come down to the 18th, state that the King had embarked in Admiral Penrose's ship to take possession of his newly-recovered continental dominions. The satisfactory termination of this war, after a campaign of little more than six weeks, while it reflects the highest honour on the valour and skill of the Austrian armies, cannot fail to be attended with the most beneficial consequences at the present juncture; as not only the Austrian troops in the Italian peninsula may now be turned against the common enemy, but the resources of that country itself will be thrown into the scale against him. The great Austrian army destined to act against the southern frontier of France, is rapidly collecting in Piedmont, under the chief command of Baron Frimont, who with the centre occupies the vicinity of Turin, while the right wing, under Gen. 559 Bubna extends towards Chambery, and the left under Radiwojevitz towards Nice and the Maritime Alps. If we may believe the last French papers received, hostilities have already commenced on this point. Suchet who commands the French army in this quarter is said in a telegraphic dispatch dated Montmelian June 15, and transmitted from Lyons to Paris, to have attacked the Austrians on the morning of that day, and to have gained an inconsiderable advantage. SPAIN. The declaration of war issued by King Ferdinand against Buonaparte breathes the most determined spirit of hostility. The military preparations also are described as being upon a scale, which under the exhausted circumstances of the country, we should not have expect ed. Four armies are forming on the frontiers; the main force is assembling in Catalonia, under Gen. Castanos, and we are told that it will be joined by the king in person, his brother Don Carlos, and the Duke d'Angoulême (who on leaving France landed at Barcelona) as soon as it is ready to take the field. A squadron is also equipping for the purpose of cruising in the Mediterranean, and more particularly on the coasts of Provence. FRANCE. Our readers will not expect us to enter into the details of the grand political farce of the Champ de Mai, which after being several times postponed, took place on the 1st of June. The new constitution was declared to be accepted, Buonaparte swore to maintain it; his creatures and she electoral colleges swore to maintain Buonaparte; and the troops, 50,000 of whom were ready to cram the additional act down the throats of the assembly in case of resistance-swore to out-do all their former out-doings. How little reliance is to be placed on the oath of a wretch, who is an atheist among atheists, a mahometan among mahometans, a catholic among catholics-who gloried in having given a deadly blow to the christian religion, by subverting the papal throne, and now swears by the sacred evangelists-we need not attempt to prove. As to the subordinate actors we should not be surprized to see them in one little month vying with each other in unswearing all that they have so stoutly sworn on this occasion. Immediately after the exhibition of the Champ de Mai Napoleon nominated the new peers of the realm, whose number is for the present confined to 116, com prehending the princes of the Corsican breed, not excepting Lucien, revolutionary marshals, dukes, counts and barons. The Chamber of Representatives, on the other hand, brings into notice many of those worthies who figured in the national assembly, and a great majority of the members are raked together from the jacobinical dregs of the early period of the revolution. While a more formidable invasion than ever threatened any country impends from without, the state of things at home appears inore and more un favourable to the usurper. An official report of Fouché, the minister of the interior, inserted in the Moniteur of June 17, admits that the departments of Ille and Vilaine, Morbihan, the North, and the Sarte are desolated by the royalists: that several towns have been taken; that Dieppe and Havre have been agitated; and that Bourdeaux, Toulouse, and Mar seilles are ripe for insurrection. The whole of La Vendée has openly declared in favour of the Bourbon cause. Furnished with arms and ammunition from England, the royalists have formed themselves into regular bodies, and several sanguinary actions have already been fought. In a late rencounter one of their most enterprising leaders, the marquis de la Roche Jacquelin is stated to have fallen. So serious is the resistance here manifested to the government of the usurper, that he has been obliged to augment his force in this quarter to 30,000 men, who are under the chief command of General Travot. How useful such a diversion in the west must prove to the allies in their operations on the eastern frontiers is too obvious to need insisting upon. A report of the minister of the interior read on the 13th June, to the two chambers states that under Louis XVIII. the army was reduced to 175,000 men, that the exertions of Buonaparte during the last two months have raised it to $75,000, and that before August it would comprehend 500,000 exclusive of the national guards. The same document asserts that in consequence of the treaty of Paris, 12,600 pieces of cannon were given up in the fortresses surrendered to the allies, while the navy was reduced from 102 to 71 ships of the line. The governors of Martinique and Guadaloupe, on receiving intelligence of the return of Buonaparte to Paris, signified their determination to hold those islands for their legitimate sovereign. The re [July 1, gular troops having expressed their wish to return to France, to join the usurper, were embarked for that purpose, and the militia called out upon duty in their stead. Early on the morning of the 12th of June, Buonaparte, having previously appointed a regency, set out to place himself at the head of the army on the northern frontier, the operations of which shall be detailed under the head of NETHERLANDS. Of the glorious events that have just occurred in this quarter to raise the glory of the British arms to the very highest pitch, we shall borrow the official account transmitted by the incomparable hero by whom the splendid victory of WATERLOO has been achieved, and published in an Extraordinary Gazette on the 224 of June. Downing-street, June 22, 1815. Major the Hon. H. Percy arrived late last night with a dispatch from Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, K. G. to the Earl of Bathurst, his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the War Department, of which the following is a copy :— Waterloo, June 19, 1815. MY LORD-Bonaparte having collected the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 6th corps of the French army and the imperial guards, and nearly all the cavalry, on the Sambre, and between that river and the Meuse, between the 10th and 14th of the month, advanced on the 15th and attacked the Prussian posts at Thuin and Lobez, on the Sambre, at daylight in the morning. I did not hear of these events till the even ing of the 15th, and I immediately ordered the troops to prepare to march; and afterwards to march to their left, as soon as I had intelligence from other quarters to prove that the enemy's movement upon Charleroy was the real attack. The enemy drove the Prussian posts from the Sambre on that day, and General Zieten, who commanded the corps which had been at Charleroy, retired upon Fleurus; and Marshal Prince Blucher concentrated the Prussian army upon Sambref, holding the villages in front of his position of St. Amand and Ligny. The enemy continued his march along the road from Charleroy towards Bruxelles, and on the same eveuing, the 15th, attacked a brigade of the army of the Netherlands, under the Prince de Weimar, posted at Frasne, and forced it back to the farmhouse on the same road, called Les Quatre Bras. The Prince of Orange immediately reinforced this brigade with another of the same division, under General Perponcher, and in the morning early regained part of the |