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parallel, to the South Sea: All the islands in the Sabine, and the said Red and Arkansas Rivers, throughout the course thus described, to belong to the United States; but the use of the waters, and the navigation of the Sabine to the sea, and of the said rivers Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of the said boundary, on their respective banks, shall be common to the respective inhabitants of both nations.

"The two high contracting parties agree to cede and renounce all their rights, claims, and pretensions, to the territories described by the said line, that is to say: The United States hereby cede to His Catholic Majesty, and renounce forever, all their rights, claims, and pretensions, to the territories lying west and south of the above-described line; and in like manner, His Catholic Majesty cedes to the said United States all his rights, claims, and pretensions to any territories east and north of the said line, and for himself, his heirs, and successors, renounces all claim to the said territories forever."

ARTICLE IV. Two commissioners shall be appointed to survey and fix the boundary designated in Article III.

ARTICLE V.-Stipulates for the religious freedom of the inhabitants of the ceded territories, and for the free removal of persons and property from the same.

ARTICLE VI.-(Inhabitants of the ceded territories.)—“ The inhabitants of the territories which His Catholic Majesty cedes to the United States, by this treaty, shall be incorporated in the Union of the United States, as soon as may be consistent with the principles of the Federal Constitution, and admitted to the enjoyment of all the privileges, rights, and immunities of the citizens of the United States."

ARTICLE VII.-Spanish troops to be withdrawn.

ARTICLE VIII.-(Grants of land before and after January 24, 1818.)—" All the grants of land made before the 24th of January, 1818, by His Catholic Majesty, or by his lawful authorities, in the said territories ceded by His Majesty to the United States, shall be ratified and confirmed to the persons in possession of the lands, to the same extent that the same grants would be valid if the territories had remained under the dominion of His Catholic Majesty. But the owners in possession of such lands, who, by reason of the recent circumstances of the Spanish nation, and the revolutions in Europe, have been prevented

from fulfilling all the conditions of their grants, shall complete them within the terms limited in the same, respectively, from the date of this treaty; in default of which the said grants shall be null and void. All grants made since the said 24th of January, 1818, when the first proposal, on the part of His Catholic Majesty, for the cession of the Floridas was made, are hereby declared and agreed to be null and void."

ARTICLE IX.-Reciprocal renunciation of claims.

The United States will cause satisfaction to be made for injuries to individuals, if any, by the late operations of the American army in Florida.

ARTICLE X.-(Convention of 1802 annulled.) "The convention entered into between the two Governments, on the 11th of August, 1802, the ratifications of which were exchanged the 21st December, 1818, is annulled."

ARTICLE XI.—(The United States to satisfy the claims of their citizens.)" The United States, exonerating Spain from all demands in future, on account of the claims of their citizens to which the renunciations herein contained extend, and considering them entirely cancelled, undertake to make satisfaction for the same, to an amount not exceeding five millions of dollars. To ascertain the full amount and validity of those claims, a commission, to consist of three Commissioners, citizens of the United States, shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate."

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ARTICLE XII.-(Treaty of 1795 confirmed, with exceptions.) "The treaty of limits and navigation, of 1795, remains confirmed in all and each one of its articles, excepting the 2, 3, 4, 21, and the second clause of the 22 article, which, having been altered by this treaty, or having received their entire execution, are no longer valid.

"With respect to the 15th article of the same treaty of friendship, limits, and navigation of 1795, in which it is stipulated that the flag shall cover the property, the two high contracting parties agree that this shall be so understood with respect to those Powers who recognize this principle; but if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third party, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose Government acknowledges this principle and not of others."

ARTICLE XIII.-Sailors of one nation, deserting in the ports of the other, shall be arrested and delivered up, at the instance

of the consul.

ARTICLE XIV.-The United States certify that they received no compensation from France for claims.

ARTICLE XV.-Spanish vessels, laden only with productions of Spanish growth or manufacture, coming directly from Spain, or her colonies, "shall be admitted, for the term of twelve years, to the ports of Pensacola and St. Augustine, without paying other or higher duties on their cargoes, or of tonnage, than will be paid by the vessels of the United States. During the said term no other nation shall enjoy the same privileges within the ceded territories.”

ARTICLE XVI.-Ratifications, etc.

Signed by

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
LUIS DE ONIS.1

PRUSSIA, 1785.

TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE

Concluded September 10, 1785. Ratified by the Continental Congress, May 17, 1786. Ratifications exchanged at the Hague, October, 1786.

ARTICLE IV.—(Regulation of commercial intercourse.) "More especially each party shall have a right to carry their own produce, manufactures, and merchandize in their own or any other vessels to any parts of the dominions of the other where it shall be lawful for all the subjects or citizens of that other freely to purchase them; and thence to take the produce, manufactures, and merchandize of the other, which all the said

1 Other treaties or conventions with Spain have been conventions for the settlement of claims in 1802, 1834, and 1871; a convention for the extradition of criminals (see Extradition Treaties), Trade-Marks, 1882, in respect of tonnage and other duties relating to the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, 1884-1887.

citizens or subjects shall in like manner be free to sell them, paying in both cases such duties, charges, and fees only as are or shall be paid by the most favored nation. Nevertheless, the King of Prussia and the United States, and each of them, reserve to themselves the right, where any nation restrains the transportation of merchandize to the vessels of the country of which it is the growth or manufacture, to establish against such nations restaliating [retaliating] regulations; and also the right to prohibit, in their respective countries, the importation and exportation of all merchandize whatsoever, when reasons of state shall require it. In this case, the subjects or citizens of either of the contracting parties shall not import nor export the merchandize prohibited by the other; but if one of the contracting parties permits any other nation to import or export the same merchandize, the citizens or subjects of the other shall immediately enjoy the same liberty."

ARTICLE XII. (Liberty for either party to trade with a nation, at war with the other.-Free ships make free goods.) "If one of the contracting parties should be engaged in war with any other Power, the free intercourse and commerce of the subjects or citizens of the party remaining neuter with the belligerent Powers shall not be interrupted. On the contrary, in that case, as in full peace, the vessels of the neutral party may navigate freely to and from the ports and on the coasts of the belligerent parties, free vessels making free goods, insomuch that all things shall be adjudged free which shall be on board. any vessel belonging to the neutral party, although such things belong to an enemy of the other; and the same freedom shall be extended to persons who shall be on board a free vessel, although they should be enemies to the other party, unless they be soldiers in actual service of such enemy."

ARTICLE XIII.-(Contraband goods intended for an enemy. not to be confiscated, but may be detained.) "And in the same case of one of the contracting parties being engaged in war with any other Power, to prevent all the difficulties and misunderstandings that usually arise respecting the merchandize heretofore called contraband, such as arms, ammunition, and military stores of every kind, no such articles carried in the vessels, or by the subjects or citizens of one of the parties. to the enemies of the other, shall be deemed contraband, so as

to induce confiscation or condemnation and a loss of property to individuals. Nevertheless, it shall be lawful to stop such vessels and articles, and to detain them for such length of time as the captors may think necessary to prevent the inconvenience or damage that might ensue from their proceeding, paying, however, a reasonable compensation for the loss such arrest shall occasion to the proprietors; And it shall be further allowed to use in the service of the captors the whole or any part of the military stores so detained, paying the owners the full value of the same, to be ascertained by the current price at the place of its destination. But in the case supposed, of a vessel stopped for articles heretofore deemed contraband, if the master of the vessel stopped will deliver out the goods supposed to be of contraband nature, he shall be admitted to do it, and the vessel shall not in that case be carried into any port, nor further detained, but shall be allowed to proceed on her Voyage."

ARTICLE XXIII.—(In case of war nine months to be allowed merchants to settle their affairs.)-"If war should arise between the two contracting parties, the merchants of either country then residing in the other shall be allowed to remain nine months to collect their debts and settle their affairs, and may depart freely, carrying off all their effects without molestation or hindrance. And all women and children, scholars of every faculty, cultivators of the earth, artizans, manufacturers, and fishermen, unarmed and inhabiting unfortified towns, villages, or places, and in general all others whose occupations are for the common subsistence and benefit of mankind, shall be allowed to continue their respective employments, and shall not be molested in their persons, nor shall their houses or goods be burnt or otherwise destroyed, nor their fields wasted by the armed force of the enemy, into whose power by the events of war they may happen to fall; but if anything is necessary to be taken from them for the use of such armed force, the same shall be paid for at a reasonable price. And all merchant and trading vessels employed in exchanging the products of different places, and thereby rendering the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of human life more easy to be obtained, and more general, shall be allowed to pass free and unmolested; and neither of the contracting Powers shall grant or issue any

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