and thereafter until a six-months notice of discontinuance by either party.

And if not discontinued, the extra duties were to be diminished by one-fourth each year, "so long as neither party shall have declared the intention of renouncing it as above stated."

FRANCE, 1831.

CONVENTION CONCERNING CLAIMS AND DUTIES ON WINES AND COTTONS.

Concluded July 4, 1831. Ratifications exchanged at Washington February 2, 1832. Proclaimed July 13, 1832.

ARTICLE I.-"The French Government, in order to liberate itself completely from all the reclamations preferred against it by citizens of the United States, for unlawful seizures, captures, sequestrations, confiscations or destructions of their vessels, cargoes or other property, engages to pay a sum of twenty-five millions of francs to the Government of the United States, who shall distribute it among those entitled, in the manner and according to the rules which it shall determine."

ARTICLE II.-"This sum is to be paid in six annual instalments."

ARTICLE III and IV.-"The United States agree to pay to France on account of the claims for unlawful seizures, etc., the sum of one million five hundred thousand francs, in six annual instalments."

ARTICLE V.-"Claims not provided for by the present convention may be prosecuted in accordance with the laws of the respective countries."

ARTICLE VII.-" French wines imported into the United States for consumption shall be subject to a duty not exceeding six cents per gallon for red wine in cask; ten cents for white wine in casks; and twenty-two cents for wines of all sorts in bottles.

"In consideration of this stipulation, which shall be binding on the United States for ten years, the French Government abandons the reclamations which it had formed in relation to

the 8th article of the treaty of session of Louisiana. France agrees, moreover, to levy the same duty on long staple cottons of the United States as on short staple cottons."

GREAT BRITAIN.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TREATY OF PEACE, AUGUST 14, 1783.

"SIR:

(Secret Journals of Congress, II., 225.)

"You will herewith receive a commission, giving you full power to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain, in

'The first installment of the French indemnity under this treaty fell due February 2, 1833, but no provision was made for its payment; and on April 18, 1834, the French Chamber of Deputies refused to make the appropriations necessary to carry the treaty into effect. This action of the Chamber of Deputies was followed by a complete rupture of diplomatic relations between the two states; in February, 1835, President Jackson instructed Livingston, the United States minister, to leave Paris, and in consequence the French minister was withdrawn from Washington. A year later, however, the French government announced that it was ready to execute the treaty, and diplomatic relations were accordingly resumed.

In respect of the 8th article of the treaty of cession of Louisiana, France had accused the United States of a breach of faith in granting privileges to English vessels not accorded to those of France. The United States replied that English vessels enjoyed these additional favors by virtue of a reciprocal agreement. The dispute was settled by the 7th article of the present treaty (Bancroft Davis' Notes on France.) The subsequent treaties with France are as follows:

1. A convention for the extradition of criminals, concluded November 9, 1843, being the first separate extradition convention entered into by the United States. Additional articles were added in 1845, and 1858. (See Extradition Treaties.)

2. A consular convention concluded February 23, 1853. (See Consular Conventions).

3. A convention concerning trade-marks, concluded April 16, 1869. (See Trade-marks).

4. A convention for the settlement of claims concluded January 15, 1880. The claims against France were those arising during the French occupation of Mexico, and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. The claims against the United States were those arising during the civil war, 1861-1866.

(On the subject of treaties with France generally, see Davis' Notes).

doing which you will conform to the following information and instructions.

1. "The United States are sincerely desirous of peace, and wish by every means, consistent with their dignity and safety to spare the further effusion of blood. They have, therefore, by your commission and these instructions, laboured to remove the obstacles to that event, before the enemy have evidenced their disposition for it. But as the great object of the present defensive war on the part of the allies, is to establish the independence of the United States, and as any treaty whereby this end cannot be obtained must be only ostensible and illusory, you are, therefore, to make it a preliminary article to any negotiation, that Great Britain shall agree to treat with the United States as sovereign, free, and independent.

2. "You shall take especial care also, that the independence of the said states be effectually assured and confirmed by the treaty or treaties of peace, according to the form and effect of the treaty of alliance with his most christian majesty. And you shall not agree to such treaty or treaties, unless the same be thereby so assured and confirmed.

3. "The boundaries of these states are as follows, viz. These states are bounded north by a line to be drawn from the northwest angle of Nova Scotia along the highlands which divide those rivers which empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the northwesternmost head of Connecticut River; thence down along the middle of that river to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude; thence due west in the latitude forty-five degrees north from the equator to the northwesternmost side of the river St. Lawrence or Cadaraqui; thence straight to the south end of Nepissing; and thence straight to the source of the river Mississippi; west, by a line to be drawn along the middle. of the river Mississippi from its source to where the said line shall intersect the thirty-first degree of north latitude; south, by a line to be drawn due east from the termination of the line last mentioned in the latitude of thirty-one degrees north from the equator to the middle of the river Appalachicola, or Catahouchi; thence along the middle thereof to its junction with the Flint river; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's river; and thence down along the middle of St. Mary's river to the

Atlantick ocean and east, by a line to be drawn along the middle of St. John's river from its source to its mouth in the bay of Fundy, comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the shores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due east from the points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the other part, shall respectively touch the bay of Fundy and Atlantick ocean. You are, therefore, strongly to contend that the whole of the said countries and islands lying within the boundaries aforesaid, and every citadel, fort, post, place, harbour and road to them belonging, be absolutely evacuated by the land and sea forces of his Britannick majesty, and yielded to the powers of the states to which they respectively belong, in such situation as they may be at the termination of the war. But, notwithstanding the clear right of these states, and the importance of the object, yet they are so much influenced by the dictates of religion and humanity, and so desirous of complying with the earnest request of their allies, that if the line to be drawn from the mouth of the lake Nepissing to the head of the Mississippi cannot be obtained without continuing the war for that purpose, you are hereby empowered to agree to some other line between that point and the river Mississippi; provided that the same shall in no part thereof be to the southward of latitude forty-five degrees, north. And in like manner, if the eastern boundary above described cannot be obtained, you are hereby empowered to agree, that the same shall be afterwards adjusted, by commissioners to be duly appointed for that purpose, according to such line as shall be by them settled and agreed on, as the boundary between that part of the state of Massachusetts Bay, formerly called the province of Maine, and the colony of Nova Scotia, agreeably to their respective rights. And you may also consent, that the enemy shall destroy such fortifications as they may have erected.

"4. Although it is of the utmost importance to the peace and commerce of the United States that Canada and Nova Scotia should be ceded, and more particularly that their equal common right to the fisheries should be guaranteed to them, yet a desire of terminating the war has induced us not to make the acquisition of these objects an ultimatum on the present occasion.

"5. You are empowered to agree to a cessation of hostilities

during the negotiation; provided our ally shall consent to the same; and provided it shall be stipulated that all the forces of the enemy shall be immediately withdrawn from the United States.

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"6. In all other matters not above mentioned, you are to govern yourself by the alliance between his most christian majesty and these states; by the advice of our allies; by your knowledge of our interests; and by your own discretion, in which we repose the fullest confidence."

INSTRUCTIONS FOR NEGOTIATING A TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN, AUGUST 14,

1779.

“ SIR,

(Secret Journals of Congress, II., 229.)

"You will herewith receive a commission, giving you full power to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, in doing which you will consider yourself bound by the following information and instructions:

"1. You will govern yourself principally by the treaty of commerce with his most christian majesty; and as, on one hand, you shall grant no privilege to Great Britain not granted by that treaty to France, so, on the other, you shall not consent to any peculiar restrictions or limitations whatever in favour of Great Britain.

"2. In order that you may be the better able to act with propriety on this occasion, it is necessary for you to know, that we have determined, 1st, that the common right of fishing shall in no case be given up; 2d, that it is essential to the welfare of all these United States, that the inhabitants thereof, at the expiration of the war, should continue to enjoy the free and undisturbed exercise of their common right to fish on the banks of Newfoundland and the other fishing banks and seas of North America, preserving inviolate the treaties between France and the said States; 3d, that application shall be made to his most christian majesty to agree to some article or articles for the better securing to these states a share in the said fisheries; 4th, that if, after a treaty of peace with Great Britain, she shall