at Tientsin in 1858 during negotia- tion of treaties, 239; character and death of, 240.
Korea, early relations of, with Japan, 2; resolution in Congress in 1845 in relation to, 142; styled "Naboth's Vineyard of the Far East," 307; early relations of, with China and Japan, 307; British East India Company attempts to open commerce with, 308; first effort to introduce Chris- tianity into, 309; persecution of Christians in, 309; French naval ex- pedition to, 309; French forces com- pelled to retire from, 310; the Gen- eral Sherman burned and crew killed in, 310; kindly treatment of ship- wrecked Americans in, 311; Consul- General Seward advises attempt to open relations with, 312; American minister to China directed to nego- tiate with, 313; naval expedition of United States to, 313; notified by Tsung-li Yamen of American expe- dition, 314; American expedition appears off coast of, 314; American vessels fired upon by forts of, 314; on failure of, to apologize Americans destroy forts, 315; communication of official of, with Minister Low, 315; failure of American expedition to, due to incorrect information, 316; Consul-General Seward's informa- tion as to, from adventurers, 317; attempts of Russia and Germany to enter into negotiations with, 318; at- tempt of Japan to reinstate suzer- ainty over, 319; independence of, recognized by Japan, 320; treaty be- tween Japan and (1876), 320; efforts of, to prevent strangers from visiting shores, 320; China disclaims control over, 320; embassy of to Japan, 321; visited by Russian, British, and French naval vessels, 321; British failure to open intercourse with, 321; duke of Genoa attempts to commu- nicate with king of, 322; delegation from, to Li Hung Chang advised to make treaty with United States, 323; Senator Sargent introduces resolu- tion to send commissioner to, 323; Shufeldt makes futile visit to, 324; United States legation at Peking in- formed of willingness of, to make treaty, 324; treaty between United States and (1882), 324; exterritorial rights of United States in, 325; Foote,
first American minister to, 326; em- bassy from, sent to United States, 326; treaties negotiated by Great Britain and Germany with, 327; ap- points minister to United States, 327; China interdicts, from sending min- ister to United States, 327; incon- sistent attitude of China toward,328; China claims subordination of min- isters of, 329; United States opposes and ignores China's attitude as to ministers of, 329; friendly attitude of, toward United States, 329; American aid in transformation of, 330; missions in, 330; treaty be- tween France and (1886), 331; Jap- anese attempt to secure predominant influence in, 331; Japanese and Chi- nese intrigues in, 332; China resists Japanese attempt to secure influence in, 332; rivalry of China and Japan causes war of 1894, 332; cause of Chinese-Japanese War, see Chinese- Japanese War; appeals to United States to intervene to secure its inde- pendence, 333; independence of, recognized by Chinese-Japanese peace treaty, 340; new danger to, after Chinese-Japanese War, 342. Kotou or kowtow, Ismailoff performs, 20; Lord Amherst refuses to per- form, 25; Minister Ward declines to perform, 250.
Krusenstern, attempt of, to trade at Canton, 21; opinion of, of American enterprise, 29.
Kung, Prince, president of Tsung-li Yamen, 256; character of, 256. Kweiliang receives from Ward Presi-
dent's letter for delivery to emperor, 251; member of Tsung-li Yamen, 257.
Lagoda, the, imprisonment of crew of, by Japanese, 144. Land of the Morning Calm, see Korea. L'Artemise affair, 119.
Lawrence, the, imprisonment of crew of, by Japanese, 144. Letter of sultan of Muscat to Presi- dent, 53; of President to Kameha- meha III., 117; of Kamehameha III. to President Jackson, 118; from President to emperor of Japan de- livered at Uraga, 156; of Li Hung Chang regarding opium trade, 297. Lew Chew Islands, Perry recommends occupation of, by United States, 229;
Gen. Grant aids Japan and China in settling dispute concerning, 350. Liaotung Peninsula cession of, by China to Japan, 340.
Liholiho, king of Hawaiian Islands, 106.
Li Hung Chang, letter of, regarding opium trade, 297; advises Koreans to make treaty with United States, 323; announces China's policy as to Korean ministers, 328; Chinese peace commissioner at Shimonoseki, 340; appointed plenipotentiary to nego- tiate peace with allies, 424; on cause of Boxer uprising, 416; removed as member of Tsung-li Yamen, 417. Liliuokalani succeeds Kalakaua as ruler of Hawaii, 375; character of, 375; attempted coup d'état of, in January. 1893, 376; dethroned, 377; declares that she would behead revo- lutionists, if restored to power, 379. Lin, Chinese commissioner to suppress opium trade, 68; destroys opium seized, 70.
Linguist, in trade at Canton, 34. Lodge, Senator, argument of, for Chi- nese exclusion, 303.
Looting, of Cantonese palaces by Brit- ish (1856), 228.
Luzon, Island of, American commis- sioners instructed to demand cession of, 403.
Macartney, Lord, embassy of, to China, 22.
Macao, Portuguese establishment at, 33.
Malietoa, king of Samoa, 389; and
chiefs accept Berlin Act, 394; death of, 395.
Malietoa Tanu declared king of Samoa by chief justice, 396. Manhattan, The, enters Bay of Yedo (1845), 139.
Manila Bay, effect of victory of, on policy of United States, 400. Marey, William L., conservative policy of, as Secretary of State, in relation to China, 229; directs American minister to propose annexation of Hawaii, 366. Marshall, Humphrey, United States commissioner to China, 205; efforts of, to secure interview with Chinese commissioner, 205; received by E-liang, 206; disagreements be- tween, and Commodores Aulick and
Perry, 206; futile efforts of, to in- terview Commissioner Yeh, 213; re- call of, 213.
Martin, Dr. W. A. P., on the Opium War, 73; assists in negotiation of treaty of 1858 between China and United States, 239; president of Imperial College, 261; treatment of, during Boxer uprising, 420. Mataafa, rival for Samoan kingship, 390.
McCarthy, Justin, on the Opium War, 74.
McCulloch, Hugh, opinion of, as to Dr. Peter Parker, 230. McKinley, President, problems to be solved by, at close of Spanish War, 402; change of policy of, as to Phil- ippines, 404.
McLane, Robert M., minister of United States, visits headquarters of Taiping leader, 210; visit of, misinterpreted as act of homage, 210; views of, as to Taiping Rebellion, 211; indig- nation of, at treatment by Chinese high commissioner, 214; proceeds to Shanghai, 215; communicates with Viceroy E-liang, 215; resigns as minister to China, 219.
Mikado, relations between Shogun and, 187, 196; Shogun visits, at Kioto, 190; sanctions treaties of Japan with powers, 195; Mutsuhito becomes, 199; Shogun surrenders government to, 198; grants audience to ministers and transfers capital to Yedo, 198; takes the "charter oath," 199. Missionaries, early French, to China, 6; edict expelling Jesuit, from Japan, 10; American, sent to Hawaiian Is- lands, 106; success of, in Hawaiian Islands, 107; diversity of opinion as to, in the Orient, 109; services of, as interpreters to embassies, 109; and their opponents in Hawaii, 115; Tientsin riots against French, 268; Korea visited by French, 309; in Samoa, 386; usefulness of, in China, socially and politically, 411. Missions. in Korea, 330; French inter- pretation of treaty provision relative to, in Korea, 331; in China, 409. See also Christianity; Missionaries. Morgan, John T., report of, upon Ha-
waiian revolution, in the Senate, 380. Morrison, J. R., services as interpreter to Roberts's embassy, 110. Morrison, Dr. Robert, interpreter of
Amherst embassy, 110; invited to come to China by D. W. C. Olyphant, 137.
Morrison, The, voyage of, to Japan (1837), 137.
Morton, Oliver P., chairman of com- mittee of Congress on Chinese immi- gration, 286; death of, and report in favor of Chinese immigration, 289. Muscat, Roberts sent on mission to, 46; extent of sultanate of, 51; reception of Roberts at, 52; treaty of United States with, 52; letter of sultan of, to President, 53.
Mutsu, Count, one of Japanese peace commissioners at Shimonoseki, 340. Mutsuhito, becomes Mikado, 199.
Nagasaki, location of Dutch factory, 11; Preble enters harbor of (1849), 144.
Nanking, capture of, by Taipings, 208;
Roberts visits Taiping court at, 210. Napier, Lord, chief superintendent of British trade in China, 57; attempts to communicate with Chinese offi- cials at Canton, 58; governor's letter refusing to receive, 59; requested to withdraw to Macao, 60; commu- nications of, with Chinese governor, 61; withdraws from Canton, 62; illness and death of, at Macao, 62. Naval officers, relations between diplo- matic officers and, 207. Nevius, Dr., on the Opium War, 73. Northwest coast, American trade be- tween China and, 31; American ships on, 99.
large increase in, 66; large profits from, 66; increased efforts of Chinese to suppress, 67; increase of illicit, 67; Lin, Chinese commissioner to sup- press, 68; stringent prohibitions against, 68; Chinese close foreign factories to stop, 69; not adjusted by Anglo-Chinese treaty (1842), 71; United States by treaty with China prohibits, 295; communication of W. N. Pethick on, 295; Great Brit- ain declines to entertain proposal of China to prohibit, 297; Li Hung Chang's letter regarding, 297; op- position of United States to, 298; Lord Elgin opposes prohibition clause in United States treaty of 1858, 299.
Opium War, causes of, 64; course of, 70; moral aspects of, 72.
Pacific Ocean, European occupation of islands of, 26; whale fishery in, 104; Seward's prophecy as to importance of, 135.
Pacific Railroad, Chinese laborers work on, 283.
Pago Pago Harbor, cession of, by Sa-
moa to United States not acted on by Senate, 388; Tutuila, in which is, transferred to United States, 397. Palmerston, Lord, on ultimate annex- ation of Hawaii to United States, 368.
Panama, Isthmus of, bulwark of China and Japan, 133.
Parker, Dr. Peter, urges in 1841 send- ing minister to China, 77; secretary of Cushing embassy, 79; on Morri- son's voyage to Japan, 138; reports harsh treatment. of shipwrecked Americans in Japan, 144; chargé d'affaires of United States in China, 205; again becomes chargé, 219; visits United States, 221; appointed commissioner to China, 221; indig- nation at Yeh in avoiding interview, 221; plan of, to avoid war in China, 229; retires as minister to China, 230; life of, after retirement, 230; McCulloch's opinion of, 230.
Paulet, Lord George, threatens Ha- waiian independence, 124; compels cession of Hawaiian Islands to Great Britain, 125.
Pearl Harbor, transferred by Hawaii to United States for a naval station, 371; protest of British minister
to cession of, by Hawaii to United States, 372. Peiho, foreign ministers arrive at mouth of, 216; reception of foreign ministers by Chinese commissioner on banks of, 217; failure of confer- ence and departure of foreign min- isters from, 218; foreign ministers proceed to, 236; American, French, and British arrive at mouth of, 246; channel of, obstructed by Chinese, 246; battle of, between China and allies, 247. Peking, Cushing directed to reach, if possible, 81; Cushing abandons idea of reaching, 87; Cushing criticised for not attempting to reach, 93; Minister Ward at, 249; Minister Ward leaves, without exchange of ratifications, 252; captured by allied forces, 254; siege of the legations in, 419.
Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 147; suc- ceeds Aulick in command of Japan expedition, 147; banquet given, on sailing of Japan expedition, 149; seclusive policy of, in dealing with Japanese, 152; religious custom of, 154; firmness of, in dealing with Japanese, 155; ceremonious delivery of President's letter by, 156; informs Japanese he will return the follow- ing spring, 157; determines to hasten his return to Japan, 160; resolute course of, in regard to place of nego- tiation, 161; negotiations of, with Japanese plenipotentiaries, 162; ban- quets Japanese officials, 164; suc- cess of, in his mission to Japan, 166; Japanese appreciation of services of, 168; dedication of Japanese monu- ment to, 169; disagreement with Minister Marshall, 206. See also Japan Expedition.
Peru, treatment of Chinese coolies in,
276; coolies in, petition American legation for aid, 278.
Pescadores Islands, Dutch occupy, 4; cession of, by China to Japan, 340. Pethick, W. N., secretary of Li Hung Chang, on opium trade, 295; sketch of his life, 295. Philippines, occupied by Spaniards
(1543), 6; disposition of, at close of Spanish War, a problem, 402; per- plexity of President regarding, 402; instructions of American commis- sioners regarding, 403; attitude of
American commissioners in regard to, 404; conferences at Paris between commissioners regarding, 404; effect of President's Western trip on acqui- sition of, 404; reasons advanced for United States acquiring, 405; Spain cedes, to United States, 405; trou- bles in China closely following ces- sion of, to United States, 407; acqui- sition of, makes United States an Asiatic power, 438.
Port Arthur, seizure of, by Russia, 414.
Portuguese, arrive in China, 4; out-
rages in China, 4; visit Japan (1542) 7; establishment at Macao, 33; im- ported from Azores for Hawaiian sugar plantations, 371.
Preble, The, Expedition of, to Japan, 144.
Protocol of August 12, 1898, between Spain and United States, 402; text of, 468.
Pruyn, Robert H., appointed minister to Japan, 89; refuses to leave Yedo after burning of legation, 190; re- tires to Yokohama at request of Japanese government, 190.
Reed, William B., succeeds Dr. Parker as minister to China, 231; political reasons for appointment of, 231; commissioned as minister instead of commissioner, 231; fails to secure interview with Commissioner Yeh, 233; resigns as minister to China and returns home, 244; opinion of, respecting Dr. Williams, 273. Reid, Whitelaw, one of American commissioners to negotiate peace with Spain, 403. Richardson, murder of, by Japanese, 189.
Roberts, Edmund, urges protection of American commerce in Pacific, 45; sent on mission to Siam, Muscat, and Annam, 46; treatment of, at Canton, 47; attempted negotiations of, at Annam, 48; reception of, in Siam, 49; reception of, at Muscat, 52; exchanges ratifications of Siam- ese treaty, 54; death and services of, at Macao, 55; furnished with letters of credence to emperor of Japan, 140, 141; presents intended for emperor of Japan carried by,
Roberts, Rev. J. J., relations of, to
Taiping Rebellion, 209; visits Tai- ping court at Nankin, 210. Rock Springs, indemnity for anti- Chinese riots at, 301.
Rockhill, W. W., sent as special com- missioner to China during siege of legations, 424; on departure of Conger from China, assumes charge of peace negotiations, 428. Rodgers, Admiral, in command of ex- pedition to Korea, 314.
Rome, Japanese Christians visit, 9. Russia, early relations of China and, 16; war between China and, 17th century, 17; treaty of, 1689, with China, 17; envoy from, to Peking (1693), 18; envoy from, to Peking (1719), 19; early trade of China with, 21; treaty of, 1727, with, 21; Hawaiian island of Kauai placed under protection of, 112; treaty between Japan and (1855), 166; treaty between Japan and (1858), 183; treaty between China and (1858), 238, 242; attempt of, to enter into negotiations with Korea, 318; increasing influence of, in far East, 342; seizure of Port Arthur by, 414; announces that it has no intention to acquire Chinese terri- tory, 425; the power most feared by China and Japan, 436.
Samoa, United States withholds ap- proval of alliance between Hawaii and, 373; embassy from Hawaii to, 374; missionaries in, 386; arrival of traders in, 387; first attention of United States called to, 387; cession of Pago Pago harbor by, to United States, not acted on by Senate, 388; Steinberger sent as agent of United States to, 388; Steinberger reports and is again sent to, 388; Stein- berger becomes premier of, and is deported, 388; United States de- clines protectorate over, 389; trea- ties of, with United States (1878) and other countries, 389; disorders in, over kingship, 389; German in- terest and influence in, 390; Ameri- can consul raises flag over, 390; German consul assumes control of government of, 390; American con- sul second time proclaims protecto- rate over, 390; conference at Wash- ington concerning, between United States, Great Britain, and Germany,
391; failure of conference to reach an agreement regarding, 391; Ger- many dethrones Malietoa and in- stalls Tamasese as king of, 392; American squadron sent to, de- stroyed by hurricane at Apia, 392; desire of United States to preserve independence of, 392; conference at Berlin in reference to, between United States, Great Britain, and Germany, 393; instructions to Amer- ican commissioners at Berlin Con- ference concerning, 393; agreement reached by Berlin Conference as to, 394; joint protectorate over, by United States, Great Britain, and Germany, 394; unsatisfactory opera- tion of tripartite protectorate, 395; civil war in, following death of Ma- lietoa, 396; foreign sympathy with rivals for kingship, 396; joint com- mission sent to, by United States, Great Britain, and Germany, 396; re- port of joint commission on, and tri- partite protectorate abandoned, 397; partition of, 397; efforts and failure of United States to preserve inde- pendence of, 397; lesson from at- tempted joint control of, 398; text of treaty of 1899, between United States, Germany, and Great Britain, regarding, 466.
Sandalwood, Hawaiian trade in, 101; value of trade in, to Hawaiian Islands, 101; exhaustion of supply of, in Hawaiian Islands, 102. Sandwich Islands, see Hawaiian Islands.
Sargent, Senator, submits report of committee on Chinese immigration, 287; introduces resolution to send a commissioner to Korea, 323. Satsuma, Prince of, Richardson mur- dered by followers of, 189; refuses to pay indemnity demanded for murder, 189; capital of, bombarded by British squadron, 189.
Scott Act, relating to Chinese exclu- sion, 301.
Sen Ki-yu, book of, on Western civili- zation, 259; eulogy of, on Washing- ton, 260; degraded on account of book, 260; reinstated and made member of Tsung-li Yamen, 260; presented by United States with portrait of Washington, 261. Seward, George F., consul-general at Shanghai, advises attempt to open
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