EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit: BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-ninth day of November, in the forty-ninth year of the independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1824, H. C. CAREY & I. LEA of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: "Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, Lake "Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. &c. performed in the year 1823, "by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the com"mand of Stephen H. Long, Major U. S. T. E. Compiled from the "notes of Major Long, Messrs. Say, Keating, and Colhoun, by Wil"liam H. Keating, A. M. &c. Professor of Mineralogy and Chemistry "as applied to the Arts, in the University of Pennsylvania; Geologist "and Historiographer to the Expedition. In two volumes-Vol. II." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned."—And also to the act, entitled, "An act supplementary to an act, entitled, “An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned," and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. SKERRETT LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. The party leave Lake Travers. They fall in with large herds of buffalo. Observations upon the rovings of this animal. Meeting with a war party of the Wahkpakotas who manifest hostile dis- Fort Douglas, and Lord Selkirk's colony. Bark canoes. Lake Winnepeek. Fort Alexander. River Winnepeek. Rapids. Portages. Fine falls. Lake of the Woods. North-westernmost point of the boundary line. Rainy Lake river and lake. Fort. Series of rapids and lakes. Dividing ridge. Falls of Kamana- Departure from Fort William. Trap formations on Lake Supe- rior. Michipicotton house. Arrival at the Sault de St. Marie. General description of the country traversed by the Expedition, designed as a topographical report to the War Department, by S. H Long, Major United States' Topographical Engineers. I. Of the country between Philadelphia and the Ohio river II. Of the country between the Ohio river and Lake Michigan III. Of the country and navigable communications between Lake VI. Of the country between Lakes Winnepeek and Superior VII. Remarks on a variety of subjects connected with the topogra- 1st. Of the natural features of the country in a military point of - id. NARRATIVE OF AN EXPEDITION TO THE SOURCE OF ST. PETER'S RIVER, &c. &c. CHAPTER I. The party leave Lake Travers. They fall in with large herds of buffalo. Observations upon the rovings of this animal. Meeting with a war party of the Wahkpakotas who manifest hostile dispositions. Arrival at Pembina. The THE fort of the Columbia Fur Company has been determined, by Mr. Colhoun, to be in latitude 45° 39' 52" north, and in longitude 96° 34′ 30" west; the magnetic variation at this place amounts to 12° 28′ 50′′ east. lake upon which it stands is about fifteen miles long; in breadth it scarcely exceeds one mile. It is the handsomest of the three lakes which we saw near the head of the St. Peter. It is incased more than one hundred feet below the adjoining prairies, but the valley in which it lies is about double the breadth of the lake itself, and is filled with large fragments of primitive rocks. A view of this lake has been given in the Frontispiece to volume second, it includes the Company's fort, the Indian lodges near it, and also a scaffold, upon which the remains of a Sioux had been deposited. The horizon is bounded by a distant view of the Coteau des Prairies. The lake has received its present apVOL. II. 2 pellation, from the circumstance that it is in a direction nearly transverse to that of the Big Stone and Qui Parle Lakes, these being directed to the north-west, while Lake Travers points to the north-east. By the Indians it is called Otter-tail Lake, from its form. On the 26th of July, we left the fort, and, as we ascended the bluff in the rear of the establishment, we fired a salute in return for that which we had received on our arrival. Having ascended the St. Peter up to its head in Big Stone Lake, our next object was to proceed "to the intersection between Red river and the 49th degree of north latitude;" and as we were informed that that stream runs nearly north and south, we determined to travel the usual route to Pembina and Fort Douglas, two of the posts of the Hudson's Bay Company, between which the 49th parallel was reported to strike the river. On leaving Lake Travers, our party was strengthened by the addition of Mr. Jeffries, one of the Company, who agreed to guide us to Pembina, and by four Frenchmen, who were returning to that place, with six carts which had been employed to convey the families and baggage of several Swiss emigrants, from the British settlements to the St. Peter. Of these carts, we chartered four to convey our baggage and provisions. As it was expected that, after having travelled forty miles, we should meet with no Dacotas, it was agreed that when Renville should have accompanied us that distance, he would be at liberty to return to the fort where business required his presence. Vague reports of large parties of Dacotas had been circulated for some days past, and a rumour that five hundred lodges of the Yanktoanan were collected on Shienne river, made us desirous of being accompanied by Wanotan, which he readily agreed to do; finding, however, that these re |