QUINCY, Feb. 6, 1816.

Mr. Adam's Answer.

DEAR SIR-I have received your kind letter of the 23d of January, and I thank you for the pamph-order to recruit the exhausted soil, and the obli

lets enclosed within it.

It is very true, as my excellent friend, Mr. Nor. ton, has informed you, that I have read many of your publications with pleasure.

lage; the consequences of the latter are inferior crops, both in quantity and quality, the necessity of a continued bare fallow of from 2 to 4 years, in gation of holding at least double the quantity of land requisite to raise the same produce by the former method, to say nothing of the consequent additional expense in fencing, labor, &c.

I have also read, almost all the days of my life, Before proceeding further, I beg leave to obthe solemn reasonings and pathetic declamations serve, that the following course of cropping is of Erasinus, of Fenelon, of St. Pierre, and many offered under the supposition, that the generality others against war, and in favour of peace. My of Farmers in this district are aware of the beneunderstanding and my heart accorded with them ficial consequences of good ploughing and perfect at first blush. But, alas! a longer and more ex-tillage, stirring every particle of the soil of at least tensive experience has convinced me, that wars ten or twelve inches deep, where the soil will admit of it. are necessary and as inevitable in our system, as hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanoes.

From the information of most respectable cultiOur beloved country, sir, is surrounded by enevators of, and my own personal observations on, mies, of the most dangerous, because the most the soil generally, in the vicinity of this town, I felt powerful and most unprincipled character. Colli- convinced that the following rotation of crops will sions of national interest, of commercial and mabe found to answer, varied occasionally, as the nufacturing rivalries, are multiplying around us. Farmer may perceive it necessary, viz. 1st. maize Instead of discouraging a martial spirit, in my opi-wheat, 4, clover, then again maize, and so on; makor Indian corn, 2, potatoes or turnips manured, 3, nion, it ought to be excited. We have not enough of it to defend us by sea or land.

ing beginning every 5th year.

There are crops which are nearly as useful as

Universal and perpetual peace appears to me, no more nor less than everlasting passive obedi-Potatoes or turnips, for raising and fattening stock, ence, and non-resistance. The human flock would soon be fleeced and butchered by one or a few. I cannot, therefore, sir, be a subscriber or a member of your society.

I do, sir, most humbly supplicate the theologians, the philosophers, and the politicians, to let me die in peace. I seek only repose. With the most cordial esteem, however,

SIR,

I am, sir, your friend and servant,
JOHN ADAMS.

AGRICULTURAL.

-

ROTATION CROPS.

To the Editor of the Norfolk Ledger.

and making manure; which may very advantageously intervene, between the above, as between the maize and potatoes, we may have a crop of vetches and oats or rye, mixed, which is a most valuable spring soiling crop for all kinds of working cattle. Also after the clover is ploughed down in the Autumn, the re-commencement of the aforesaid course may be preceded by a crop of transplanted rape, planted in every third furrow of the plough, which will leave it in drills of two and a half feet asunder, the value of this crop after a fair trial will be duly appreciated by every Farmer who wishes to increase the produce of his dairy.

It will be perceived that in the above rotation, culmiferous and leguminous, or white and green crops, are designed to succeed each other alternately, by which means a succession of those crops, (it is a well known fact that all crops of grain which are allowed to ripen and go to a dry state before they are taken off the ground, are robbers of the soil,) which impoverish and weaken, are avoided, and green crops, with manure substi tuted, in order to supply that constant waste of vegetable nourishment, occasioned by raising con

From a sincere wish to see agriculture considered an object of importance in this part of the state of Virginia, (it already is deservedly considered so in the northern and western parts,) and wishing to contribute what little may be in my power towards promoting an improved knowledge of that most useful science, I take the liberty of sending you the following observations, request-tinued crops of grain. ing you will favor them with a place in your paper, and hoping that any errors in grammar or diction will be viewed with a lenient eye, when the intention is good.

66

This, on a superficial view, the farmer may perhaps consider a troublesome theory, expensive, and not so easily followed as the old method of crop that out, and when done, take another." It has long been the main object of every -As to the first, it is a theory which the writer Farmer, who wishes to keep his land in continual has seen confirmed by long and successful prac good heart, and to derive permanent advantages tice; as to the second, it is less expensive and from his labor, to adopt that course of cropping more easily (because more regular) followed than and inanuring which seems adapted to the parti- any other, and let him rest assured, that he will cular soil he may have to cultivate, and most like-feel more satisfaction and substantial benefit, at ly to obtain the above object; the advantages arising from this method, will be clearly perceived by contrasting with them, the disadvantages attending practices quite the reverse; the results of the former are a full and regular annual produce, the land left always in a good condition to receive the following crops, and the important benefit of raising more grain, &c. off 100 acres of arable land, than off 200 by injudicious and innovershing til

the end of 4 years, or 1 course of improved systematic farming, than he will, after 6 years labor in the old, erroneous, though time-sanctioned plans. One good acre, either of turnips, potatoes or clover (this soil is very favorable to the three last mentioned crops) will produce as much, nay more, ready profit, than an equal quantity of either maize or wheat; besides this very material additional advantage, that the Farmer, if he prefers

doing so, can send to market "on its legs," after || depredations of vermin and the weather, quite which it will leave him one third of the value, in spoiled. From trials, I also found that no benefit the best kind of manure, which becomes an addi- arises from very early planting, especially of the tional fund of improvement and increase in the cn- late kinds, as, however early they may be put into suing year; add to these advantages, that the ne- the ground, they do not vegetate until a certain pecessity of fallowing is done away forever, as the riod; and in the mean time, are exposed to every crops of potatoes and turnips, being manured and injury arising from frosty or wet weather which planted. in drills of 3 to 4 feet asunder, admit of frequently happens in the spring. I this year, 1815, horse-hoeing, which answers every purpose in-planted some of the late kinds in the beginning of tended by a bare fallow, viz: destroying all kinds of weeds and exposing a frequent new surface to the atmosphere. On some future day I propose touching more particularly on the cultivation of potatoes, turnips, &c. and on the drill husbandry in general, but will avoid trespassing too much at one time on your indulgence.

From the Massachusetts Society's Tracts. POTATOES.-Having long entertained an idea that the formation of apples upon potatoes was detrimental to the crops by drawing away a large and valuable part of the nourishment from the roots: I this year made an experiment, which I think goes a great way to solve the question. Having planted some acres of different kinds, I had the flowers carefully picked from several of the drills, as soon as they appeared, leaving between every drill so picked, a drill with the flowers untouched. some cases, I allowed the flowers to expand, and even to make some progress towards setting, in others, I suffered the apples to form and pulled them off when they were half grown. The following is

the result:

In

In the drills where the flowers were gathered as soon as they appeared, the crop was, in most instances, nearly double what it was where the apples were allowed to come to maturity. Where flowers were allowed to waste themselves, the crop was abundant; and where the apples had made some progress, it was still less though greatly better than where they had been left untouched. In short, from the time of the flowers appearing, and as long as the leaves continued green, and the stems growing, there appeared an advantage, from gathering both the flowers and apples; gradually diminishing, however, as they approached the ultimate period of their growth. I remarked also, that the stems of the potatoes, in the drills where the flowers had been picked off, continued green || and vigorous, much longer than where they were suffered to grow; and also, where the apples were gathered at an early period.

I at the same time made trials as to the effect of cutting the haum, or shaw, as it is commonly called in Scotland, in different stages of its growth; all of which I found ruinous; the deficiency of crop being in exact proportion to the earliness of the cutting; with this addition, that the potatoes were ill ripened and of a very bad quality; while those, where the haum had been left, were excellent. I also made a careful trial as to the advantage of drawing up the earth to the stems, which I find greatly superior to the practice followed by some, of only clearing away the weeds, without giving them any earth at all. In this last case, I found the crop not only less abundant, but a greater part of the potatoes by being so near the surface, were without a covering, and by being exposed to the

July; and a few days since, gathered a crop from them, no way inferior to that obtained from those planted in February.

While I mention this circumstance, I think it of consequence to state, that all the different kinds, both of early and late potatoes, may be rendered at least a month earlier, by a very simple process, viz that of putting them in a warm place early in the spring, allowing the shoots to grow an inch or two, and afterwards planting them out, leaving the top of the shoot nearly upon the surface. By this management, I have frequently had a good crop of potatoes, a month or five weeks earlier than I could otherwise have obtained it from the same kinds

without such attention.

MEDICAL.

From the Belfast Commercial Chronicle, of April 10, 1816.

It is well known that the emperor Napoleon was an effective protector of all the arts and the sciences, but it is not so generally understood, that, whenever any important discovery was made, in any branch of art or science, he set negotiations on foot to purchase the secret of the invention, with a view to publish it in the Moniteur, not only for the benefit of France but of the world at large. The remedy for the gout, by Dr. Pradier, was then purchased by Napoleon, at the price of 2,500. sterling, paid from his private purse, and the formula was immediately published in the Moniteur as follows, takeBalm of Mecca Red Bark Saffron Sarsaparilla Sage

six drachms one ounce half an ounce

one ounce

one ounce

Rectified spirits of wine three pounds Dissolve, separately, the balm of Mecca in one third of the spirits of wine; macerate the rest of the substances in the remainder, for forty eight hours-filter and mix the two liquors. For use, the tincture obtained is mixed with twice or thrice the quantity of lime-water; the bottle must be shaken, in order to mix the precipitate, settled! to the bottom by standing.

The following is a mode of employing the remedy:

A poultice must be prepared of linseed meal, which must be of a good consistency, and spread very hot, of the thickness of a finger, on a napkin, so as to be able completely to surround the part affected: if it be required for both legs, from the feet to the knees, it will take about three quarts of linseed meal. When the poultice is prepared and as hot as the patient can bear it, about two ounces of the prepared liquor must be poured equally over the whole of each, without its being imbibed; the part affected is then to be wrapped up in it, and bound up with flannel and bandages to preserve the heat. The poultice is generally

changed every twenty-four hours, sometimes at the end of twelve.

It would be whimsical if the prince regent of England were to be cured of this tormenting and dangerous disease, by a remedy for which he would be evidently indebted to the public spirit and liberality of Napoleon.

From the Raleigh Star.

During the night he rested pretty well, except as he was interrupted by the operation of a cathartic. But on Thursday morning at six, as there were still prevailing strong symptoms of inflammation, he again lost 26 or 28 ounces of blood. By this his pulse was reduced, and at 12 o'clock he had scarcely a symptom of a fever. At midnight, however, his fever revived, and on Friday morning the symptoms were more alarming than ever. Calomel, salts, and castor oil were

On the evening of Monday, 3d inst. I was call-administered largely before his bowels could be ed to see Bennitt Watson, of this village, who, it was said, had been accidentally shot, by Miles Davis, while in a squirrel hunt. I found him at the distance of about a mile from his house. Thomas Barton, who stood, when the gun was fired, nearly between Davis and Watson, stated, that upon the firing of the gun, Watson exclaim-trembling, I resolved to resort again to the lancet, ed that he was shot, and immediately fell upon his face. They ran to him, and he had still strength to exclaim, "I am a dead man."

moved; and even then the prevailing languor, offensive breath, and increasing pain to the chest, created apprehensions of a most serious nature. There was also, upon the smallest motion of his || body, a violent throbbing of the wounded part. At half after 3 o'clock in the evening, with

Upon examination, it was found that he was wounded by two shot. One entered between the first joint of his right fore finger and passed into the palm of his hand; the other struck just above his right breast, a little below the middle of the second rib horizontally, and passing downward, entered the chest between the second and third ribs. Upon the first sight of him, there was much reason to apprehend that the wound was mortal; and he was so exhausted, that I deemed it prudent to defer bleeding him until we could get him || to his house.

With considerable difficulty he was conveyed, by five men, on a sheet, to the house, about two hours from the time at which he had been shot.

as the only anchor of hope. He lost 28 ounces of blood; and in half an hour turned and lay on his left side without pain-which he has not been able to bear before. He grew better-and at half past 11 o'clock, as there was still too much excitement, he again lost 10 ounces of blood; and rested pretty well during the night.

On Saturday morning, at 6, as his fever had again come on, I took from 8 to 10 ounces more of blood-and again 8 more in the evening. This was followed in two hours by a violent fit of puking, in which he ejected excrementitious matter; and the heat excited in his successive attempts to puke was almost sufficient to produce suffocation. It was found necessary to arrest the puking by an opiate; to counteract the inflammatory effects of which, and to reserve the action of the stomach, a brisk cathartic of rhubarb and gambouge was given.

On Sunday morning, 9th, as the effects of the opiate was still prevaling, another cathartic was given. In the evening, at 4, his pulse being still too strong, I opened a vein, and, to my great satisfaction, discovered that the blood had began to assume its natural colour-6 ounces only were taken. At 10 a slight fever prevailed-he lost 8 ounces of blood-15 drops of laudanum, in combination with a gentle aperient, were given. He rested well: and at 6 on Monday morning, 10th, there were the most encouraging grounds to hope || for a speedy restoration of his health, Tuesday morning 11-Watson is entirely out of danger. ABNER W. CLOPTON.

Chapel-Hill, June 9.

When we arrived there, at 7 o'clock, nature seemed to be making her last efforts. With dif ficulty I took ten ounces of blood. This, so far from yielding relief, increased his disposition to puking, which was attended with such excruciating pain, that more than once he raised upon his feet, and stood for minutes. In a half hour I took 16 ounces more of blood; his breathing, which before indicated suffocation, became easier, and in his next attempt to puke, together with the contents of his stomach, he ejected, it is believed, a table spoonful of black clotted blood. His respiration now became still less difficult; but his pain and sickness continued; and he said that he could not discover the light of a candle. At half past 11 o'clock I took 16 ounces more of blood. He again ejected clotted blood in the same quantity as before; but was manifestly relieved in some degree. His puking continued during the night, but with less violence. An active cathartic was given him in the morning; but as his pulse, even after its operation, continued hard and frequently, I took 10 ounces of blood at half past 4 o'clock in the evening. Under the operation of this and a most salutary catharses he rested at intervals during the night. On Wednesday, at 6 o'clock, his pulse was hard, more frequent, and stronger than it ever had been. He then lost 30 ounces more of blood. The symp-93 miles east by north from Cincinnati, 45 south toms of inflammation in the blood were more of Columbus, 34 south west from New Lancaster. distinctly marked than before; the pain and sore- The Sciote, whose course is generally south, sudness in his breast, though very severe before denly changes here to the east, having the town bleeding, were measurably relieved. In the even- on the south side of this bend in the river; at the ing, at four, his pulse being still hard and fre-western extremity of an extensive and beautiful quent, and his fever increasing, I took 14 ounces plain. The situation of the town is elevated and more of blood. dry; and is overlooked on the west by a sudden

TOPOGRAPHICAL.

CHILLICOTHE,

In point of magnificence, is the second town in the state of Ohio. It is, and with little exception, has been the seat of government for the state, ever since its adoption into the union of the states. It is situated in the county of Ross, and in lat. 39 deg. 14 min. N. and in long. 5 deg. 53 min. west;

elevation, from whose summit, the town and large extent of country are visible, appearing with a beauty, that a nearer view would considerably diminish.

it has 8 stores-3 taverns-3 smith shops-3 hatters-1 cabinet maker-2 bakers-1 potter-1 windsor chair maker-1 nail factory-2 shoemakers-3 taylors-6 master carpenters-3 master The town was commenced in 1796, and from stone masons-2 master bricklayers-2 attorniesthat time has risen to a town incorporate with all 3 physicians-1 printing office-1 clock and the privileges peculiar to most of our largest ci- watch maker-1 tanner-several brick makers ties: contains 400 houses and 3000 inhabitants.--1 saddler, with a number of journeymen, &c. to Three weekly newspapers are issued in this town, each branch-1 carding machine-1 weaver-an viz. Scioto Gazette, Supporter and Weekly Re-incorporated literary society, having a circulating corder, all, and each of them, distributing a res-library containing near 300 volumns-an incorpopectable number of papers. There are four cot-rated seminary, for the benefit of which 9 lots ton spinning factories, one moving by water and have been appropriated by the proprietor of the the other by horses; also a rope walk. The num-town-one lot has been appropriated for a church ber of mercantile stores are between thirty and -an act to incorporate the town was passed at forty; from which the stores of the neighboring the last session of the legislature-a post office interior are often partially supplied. There are was established when the town was first laid off, two banks, which have extensive negotiations.-at which three mails are received weekly, and a The principal public buildings are a court house, constructed of stone, two meeting houses, a market house and gaol.

fourth will commence running shortly. There is one grist mill within a mile and a half, and one within three miles and a half-and several saw mills in the neighborhood.

Though this town possesses fewer natural advantages than many others, it is probably second in The site is not surpassed by any on the Ohio, wealth to Cincinnati only. The navigable advan-having a beautiful view of the river four miles up tages of the place are considerable. The size of and eight miles down--the salubrity of the cli the river admits large boats, and in flood tides mate, the fertility of the adjacent country, which will bear up vessels. These tides occur seldom produces in great plenty and perfection all kinds more than twice in the year and a few days only of fruit, particularly the WINE GRAPES which are each time. Surrounded by a fertile and much raised in such quantities as to produce upwards improved country, there is no place in the state, of 3000 gallons of wine in a season, (the present and few places in the United States, in which the prospect is unusually promising, Mr. Betton of necessary means of subsistence are so cheap. In Switzerland, calculates on making 1000 gallons,) the town is a mound of considerable elevation, ei- which is retailed at $2 per gallon-its geographi ther a relict of antiquity, or a sport of nature.— cal situation and the natural advantages with which But, as the former is productive of far the most it abounds, together with the population, as to curious theories, and proffers much to fill up the wealth and industry, moral and steady habits, canaching void of a mind more inclined to specula- not fail to render VEVAY one of the most considetive notions than inference of solid fact, it has farrable towns in the new state. Almost any trade, the most numerous advocates. Yet the value of not above enumerated, will find encouragement. the ground has prevailed over this gratification of curiosity; and it has been almost levelled. Should the demolition of these monuments of wonder direct the application, of learning to the solution of such of nature's phenomena, as are accessible thro' the medium of self evident maxims, their prostration and consequent oblivion would form a new and acceptable epoch.

VEVAY.

INLAND NAVIGATION.

such as stage coaches have; 16 or 20 passengers can be tolerably accommodated in this boat. The question to the master naturally was, from whence came you? from Schenectady; no interruption in the navigation? none for an instant, at this season, we had more than enough of water for a much larger vessel.

From the Montreal Herald of June 22. Amongst the objects which attract public notice we were the other day struck with the appearance of a handsome Durham Boat of the ordinary size or of about 250 barrels burthen; she was not intended for freight, but for passengers. She had a This place being, as yet, little known abroad, substantial round house, 20 feet in length by 8 in the following particulars will not be uninteresting.width, well fitted up with sides of painted canvass, The town was laid out by John F. Dufour, in the fall of the year 1813-the lots were sold at public sale on the 16th of November following; but it remained a forest until the March of 1814, about which time a few families commenced its improvement. In the fall of 1814, commissioners were appointed by the legislature to select a suitable place for the seat of justice for Switzer- Upon a reference to Mr. Lay's large map of the land county, who made choice of Vevay and es- state of New-York, published in 1813, we find the tablished therein the permanent seat of justice old portage between Mohawk river at Rome and for said county. It is situated on the north-west Wood creek, of about four miles in length, is now bank of the river Ohio, on a high and dry bottom || made navigable by a canal for large barges; so that (22 feet above the highest freshet) well calculat- the tourist or traveller can leave Schenectady, ar. ed to receive a large city-it is about 8 miles a- rive at Montreal, without disembarking, and return bove the mouth of Kentucky river, 45 miles by in the same manner. We make these remarks on a land from Cincinnati and 70 by water: about 60 circumstance not considered a matter of wonder in miles by land to Louisville and 80 by water-it the United States, where scarcely any enterprize is contains about seventy-five dwelling houses, be- looked upon as such; but we certainly do make sides shops, &c. &c. a brick court house, about 36 them through a view of letting our fellow subjects feet square, 2 stories high, a gaol, school-house, in Canada know how far they are behind their neigh. and a brick market house 36 by 42 contracted for bors in the improvements of internal navigation in

The expedition from Aux Cayes, planned by the Captain General Bolivar, and under the command c.f Admiral Louis Brion, sailed on the 31st March from that port.

The admiral, and captain Beluch conducted themselves in this day's battle with all that bravery and ability which were justly to be expected from their judgment and valor, and the captain general, highly satisfied therewith, has raised the former to the rank of admiral, and the latter to that of captain. The officers and the crews engaged in the actions, acquitted themselves in a most satisfactory manner, and the remainder regretted their not having met with any enemy to combat with.

The events of this day have terminated the blockade of the north side of this island, the only forces which supported it having fallen into our hands, which would have been the case with as many as might have attempted to oppose us. Head-Quarters, North City of Marguerrita, 3d May, 1816. SANTIAGO MARINO, Maj. Gen. The second bulletin of the emancipating army of Venezuela,

inst. with such precipitancy, that they left their all their posts on the 3d, without firing a musket. arms and provisions, and our warriors occupied The city of Assumption presents a melancholy spectacle of desolation; the royalists have not left one stone above another; every building has been consumed by fire.

On the 6th, the independent squadron commenced the blockade of Pampatar. The enemy were fortifying themselves, but would soon have to choose the alternative of submitting or perishing. H. Q. North City of Margueriat, 8th May, 1816. SANTIAGO MARINO, Maj. Gen.

After a very favorable voyage they made the Gives an account of the flattering reception the Islands Tertigus on the 1st May, and the heights of Marguerita the day after, when a topsail sel'r. squadron met with at the North City, and of the and a brig were descried, whereupon the admiral visit paid them by Gen. Arismendi It also states ordered the squadron, for the purpose of detach-that the royalists evacuated the place on the 2d ing those vessels from the shore, and to ascertain from whence they sailed, to pursue thein; this being effected, the line of battle was formed and the national flag nailed to the mainmast. The Commandant followed the brig and schooner, the latter being a better sailer hauled her wind, when The schooners Gen. Marino, Jupiter and Conejo hased her, the other vessels following the admi al in chase of the brig. At 11 the schooner Constitution attacked the brig en the larboard side and the Commandant co-operated on the starhoard, the brig making a vigorous defence with great guns and inusketry; in a very short time the nemy was dismantled, but continued to resist with great tenaciousness. At this moment, the admiral being wounded, the captain Renato Beluch took the command of the Commandant and of the squadron. That vessel thereupon, under a dreadful fire, boarded the enemy, who unavailingly endeavored to repulse us, but our valiant sailors hav-|| ing taken possession of the quarter deck, obliged the enemy to retire to the hold, and struck the CARTHAGENA, June 2, 1816. Spanish flag. The captain was found dead in the His excellency the Governor and Captain Gecabin, having received a shot through the head,neral of the kingdom, Don Francisco de Montalvo, as were also the lieutenant and surgeon; on the decks and in the hold there were 42 killed and 31 wounded, besides a number who jumped overboard and were drowned. The brig is a man of war, called the Intrepido of fourteen 8 pounders, among which were six brass culverins, and she had on board 140 men, her commander was lieut. of the Iglesia frigate.

At 5. P. M. after exchanging a few broadsides, the schooner struck her colors to the General Marino just as the latter was in the act of boarding her; the captain was badly wounded, and we found 16 of the men killed and wounded. She is a king's schooner, called the Rita, mounting one long 18 on a swivel, two 24 pound carronades, and 2 double fortified 18 pounders, with a crew of 90 men, her commander was second lieutenant of the frigate Mateo Campo.

PHILADELPHIA, July 10. Macedonian, proves completely the falsity of the The following official news, received by the accounts lately published of General Morillo's,

defeats.

Oficial accounts of the capture of Santa Fee, the capital of New Grenadu.

has just received the following official despatch from his excellency, Don Pablo Morillo, commander in chief of the expeditionary army:

Most excellent Sir,-The King's troops, under the orders of Colonels Don Miguel de la Terre and Don Sebastion de la Calzada, entered the capital of this vice kingdom of the 6th of this month; and the insurgents with their pretended government, and the remains of their bands, are flying in terror in every direction. Some of the ignorant people who have suffered themselves to be seduced, are now undeceived, deşert, and return to their homes.

In a very short time the whole of this country will be entirely pacified, which has suffered so much from the excesses of a few wretches, headed by foreigners and by some emigrants from Carraccas, who have never had any other object in On our side there were only on board the Com-view, but that of robbery and plunder which they mandant 7 killed and 8 wounded, among the for-have practised every where.

mer was that brave officer Barthelemi. The Ge- I communicate the foregoing intelligence to neral Marino bad two men slightly wounded. your excellency, for your satisfaction and infor