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fuel for the purpose, and of this such as was most abundant in light thus in Lancashire the women spin by the light of canal coal, and in our back country, by the light of pine knots.

It is not easy to trace the history of wax and tallow: the first would be in use in warm southern climates, where bees and flowers were plentiful: the latter in cold countries, where animals used for food, abound in this secretion.

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solution) and carbonic acid gas escape; and are conducted first into a vessel of lime water, to separate the uncombined carbonic acid and empyreumatic oil, and then into water. A gas holder, or sheet iron cylinder closed at one end, is suspended by weights and chains that counterbalance it, and is plunged, with its open end downward into the water through which the gas rises. This water is contained in a wooden or sheet iron vessel that is about three Coal gas was first shewn experimentally by or four inches more in diameter than the gas Sir James Lowther to the Royal Society; he holder inverted in it. As the gas rises, cleansbrought it in bladders from his coal mines at ed in its passage through lime water and comWhite Haven; this, I think, was before the mon water, it strikes against the bottom of the year 1736, when Mr. Maude first burnt inflam- || inverted cylindrical holder, and raises it out of able air from iron filings before the same socie-the water, displacing the water: from this gas ty. In 1739 Dr. Clayton exhibited experiments holder, when full. it is conveyed by pipes to in coal gas before that assembly, collecting it any distance, to supply the burners, which let in bladders, and burning it from thence at its out the gas in apertures about the size of pin exit through pin holes. Dr. Hale and Dr. holes, in various forms and directions accordWatson, bishop of Landaff, both gave an ac-ing to the fancy of the person who uses this count of the gas from coal and the mode of pro-mode of lighting. curing it. In 1792 Mr. Mendoch introduced it The iron retorts containing the coal, are sur instead of candles, in the manufactory of Mess. rounded in the common way with burning coal, Thos. Philips and Lee of Manchester; after as a fuel to supply heat to the retorts and to diswhich a Mr. Winsor pretended to take out a til and decompose the coal contained in them. patent for the invention of coal gas in lieu of Such is the outline of the process, which re. candles and lamps, and proposed to light the quires however several precautions respecting streets of London with it. About the same pe-safety in burning this kind of air, and economy riod a Mr. Herpy proposed it in this country, in the choice and use of the combustible emand informed me he had tried the experiment ployed. on a large scale in Baltimore, I think about the Mr. Accum, of London, has published a year 1795, but we heard no more of it. Mr. splendid octavo volume with plates shewing Winsor having made attempts at an exclusive || the construction of the machinery, with calprivilege by applications to Parliament, was culations of the expense attending this method left to contest, if he pleased, his exclusive right of procuring light, to which those who wish with competitors who knew as much about the for full information may have recourse: the mibusiness as himself. However he succeeded nute contrivances necessary to insure success in forming a company, and soon after three or are more fitted for a scientific and practical four other rival companies were formed to sup- publication than for the Register. But the use ply the public streets, the public building, and of coal gas in London, where as much atten. private houses with gas lights, which have so tion is paid to utility and economy as to beaufar succeeded, that fifteen miles in length alto-ty, gained ground every year from its first in. gether, of the streets in London, many public troduction, and now threatens to supersede buildings, and many private houses were sup- every other method of obtaining light in situaplied with coal gas, to the exclusion of lamps|tions where communication can easily be had and candles, about the beginning of the last year, (1815.) Lately Covent Garden Theatre has been lighted up by the same means, very much to the public satisfaction. This supply is produced from iron mains laid in the streets, from whence issue smaller pipes that convey But though it be a cheap method of procurthe gas to the required place of combustion. ing light when the apparatus is once constructThere appears to be three principal establish- ed and set at work, the expense of that appaments that supply the necessary quantity; ratus in the first instance is such, as not to juswhose gas holders, or vessels containing the tify any family in erecting it for mere private gas when extricated, hold altogether about fif and family use. It will do where much light ty thousand cubic feet. The process is this: is required, in public buildings and large manInto iron retorts, surrounded by brick work, a ufactories, but the saving in the combustible quantity, according to the size of the establish- material, whether it be wax, spermaceti, talment, of pit coal is put. The retorts are iron low, or oil, is sunk in the interest of the capicylinders fixed lengthwise; one end opens on tal necessary to fit up the required apparatus in the outside of the furnace, by means of which a mere private family. Hence the necessity the charge is put in: the other terminates in a of joint stock companies, and of under aking tube or tubes which enter into a vessel employ- the supply of a district on a large scale. So ed to receive the liquid products of the distilla- that in London companies are formed to suption, viz. the oil, tar, and ammoniacal liquor, ply private families with coal gas, on the same which are there condensed: the aerial or gas-plan with the companies who supply water eous products, consisting of coal gas (which is hydrogen holding carbon and volatile oil in

* See Port Folio, Jan. 1816.

with the mains or large pipes of the several companies. The brilliancy, the safety, and the cheapness of this kind of light, has forced it upon public observation and brought it into general use.

from the New River or Chelsea water works: and the mains in the streets lie along side each other, the one conveying a stream of gas and the other a stream of wate..

The neatness and the beauty of this method of supplying light renders it highly desirable that it should be adopted in our large towns. In Philadelphia, for instance, I suppose it would pay any opulent company to supply the light of a candle equal to six in the pound, during the time such a candle would burn, for two cents at the outside; which is greatly cheaper than the present price of light; indeed such a light as that cannot now be had under four cents.

forty times during its combustion, if we wish for a clear and clean flame. Hence the great use of wax lights, where the wick is so small that all the combustible matter is consumed. This is so notorious, that every frugal mistress of a family knows that a pound of tallow candles consisting of ten, wherein the wick is so small that air can have access to all the lighted tallow, gives twice as much light, and half as much smoke, as a pound of candles made into four to the pound.

All the materials necessary to such an esta blishment may be had in this country. We Any person can easily come at the compara. have iron, we have coal. Pennsylvania in par- tive light of two candles by putting one at one ticular abounds in coal of every description, end of the mantle piece and the other at the and even the great towns on the sea board can opposite end, and holding the snuffers or a import it, either from Virginia or from Liver-book or any other object between them in the pool, at a price that would enable the under-middle of the room, so that the shadow of the takers to secure a reasonable profit to them- object shall fall on the opposite wall: the candle selves, as well as to the public. that produces the deepest shadow affords the most light.

The advantages attending this method of lighting houses, which may be supplied as they are supplied with water in London, by small pipes let into the mains in the street, are

1st. It can be afforded cheaper than the light of tallow or of oil.

2dly. The light is more vivid and brilliant. 3dly. It does not require snuffing. 4thly. It is safer; not liable to the accident of a candle falling, or lighted snuff dropping

out of the snuffers.

5thly. It is beyond comparison more cleanly than the use of oil or candles.

6thly. It is less troublesome. The cleaning of candlesticks and the dressing of lamps, and the eternal snuffing of tallow candles, constitutes no small objection to their use. How seldom is it that you can safely trust a servant to trim a patent or D'Argand's lamp!

By taking the necessary precautions all smell is avoided, as well as all danger. In short, fifteen miles of London streets would not be so lighted, if the convenience were not out of all dispute.

But there are two other advantages attending these lights, which are obvious when it is compared with the combustion of common candles or lamps: it furnishes more heat; it does not soil the furniture.

For the same reason, where the combustion is most compleat, the heat is greatest.

On all these accounts, I hope ere long to see an establishment for the purpose of supplying light from coal gas ereeted in Philadelphia, and I heartily wish well to the projectors. But to take out a patent for the principle, without a manifest improvement in the machinery itself, appears to me an useless imposition on the public. C.

FINANCIAL.

PAPER AND SPECIE.

In the year 1810, Sir PHILIP FRANCIS, one of the ablest statesmen of the present day, but who seems to be kept out of view, because he belongs to the opposition, published some Reflections on the abun dance of paper in circulation, and the scarcity of specie. This little tract contains a mass of solid sense; it is written, says a cotemporary writer, "with the united strength of genius and disdain; and worthy in every word it utters of the earnest attention of the reader." We extract the fol lowing.

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Most men are ready to admit, that plainness In the common method of making a candle and simplicity are good moral qualities, and not (of tallow for instance) a wick is placed in the at all unwilling to encourage them in others. But centre of a long cylindrical mass of tallow that it is not so generally known, or admitted, that surrounds it. When this candle is lighted, the these qualities, instructed by experience, or enlower part of the flame is blue, the middle part || lightened by reflection, are the surest evidence of is yellowish-white, the tip of the flame is brown, a sound understanding. A cunning rogue may especially if it be not kept perpetually snuffed. cheat a wiser man of his money, but in an abstract Every chemist knows that no combustion question, to be determined by judgment, it is not can take place without the access of air. To possible that skill and artifice can finally prevail ward the lower part of the wick, the combus-over plain reason, which, in the ordinary transac tion is compleat, for the whole of the tallow is tions of life, is called common sense. If it were burnt. In the middle part of the wick, a quan- possible for me to personify the British nation, tity of tallow melted by the heat of combustion and if I were at liberty to offer my humble advice at the lower part, is absorbed, of this tallow to so great a person, the first thing I should rethat on the outside of the wick in contact with commend to him, would be to adopt the maxim the air, is consumed and furnishes heat and of lord Chatham, to stop for a moment in order to light; but that portion of melted tallow absorb- take a general view of his situation with his own ed by the middle of the wick, is not burnt or eyes, and to reflect on it himself. The first quesconsumed, but is distilled off in the form of a tion I would urge to his consideration, as more brown smoke that accumulates at the top of immediately pressing, though not more important the wick, spoils the light, produces the smell than many others, is, whether this kingdom, with of tallow in the room, and soils the furniture. many appearances to the contrary, be not essenTo remedy this, in a candle of six in the tially impoverished, and whether the causes of pound, we are compelled to use the snuffers that effect be or be not in a state of progression.

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VOL I.]

5

It is in vain to argue with any man, who professes we are willing to pay a light tax for a constant to think that a circulation of paper, not converti-convenience; but not so, when great payments ble into specie, and which may be increased ad are in question. For then we know the difference, libitum by those who issue it, is as sure a sign of and that it constitutes an object worth attending Would any debtor make a payment of one wealth as specie itself, or, at least, answers all the to. purposes of gold and silver, as it certainly does thousand and fifty pounds, in guineas, if, by melting the same guineas, he could pay the debt, and some of them. put a hundred pounds worth of the circulating paper into his pocket? The case is just the same in purchase as in payment. If, to buy a certain quantity of corn or cloth, he parts with a thousand new guineas, instead of one thousand and fifty pounds in bank notes, I say he is cheated, or he cheats himself; because the guineas are worth fifteen or twenty per cent. more; which difference he might realize by melting or exporting them; and, if he were resolved to forego that profit himThe public would gain nothing by his forbearance. But what signifies arguing such questions, when we all know that there are no heavy guineas in common circulation, and very few even of those that have been most severly sweated. Does any landlord receive one guinea in a thousand pounds in the rents of his estate? The question was asked in the house of commons seven years ago, and neither then, nor since, has ever been answered in the affirmative."-p. 13, 14.

His principle, if he be in earnest, which I should very much doubt of any person in possession of his senses, would oblige him, in many other cases, to maintain that the shadow of a good thing is just as good as the substance; or that water, forced into the system, performs the functions of blood with equal effect, and greater facility. With the help of tapping, it might do so, as long as the stamina lasted. But, in these cases, the patient is apt to give the lie, or the slip to the physician, and to die of a dropsy with the pana-self, somebody else would get it instead of him. cea in his bowels. He who really suffers his mind to be amused with such fancies, has something to enjoy, and it would be cruel to undeceive him. But, in fact, there is no such person out of bedlam, except perhaps on the coast of Angola, where, in former times at least, the honest christian trader | persuaded the infidel natives, that cowries and glass beads would answer their purposes much better than gold or silver. In this way, they were converted out of their property, but not at all out of their infidelity.

"Suppose," says he, "the thing, which any man wants to buy, is bank notes, and that he has nothing to pay for them but gold. Yesterday his ounce of gold would only have bought four pounds in paper. To day he can get five pounds of the same paper with the same ounce of gold.

A great foreign expense can only be provided for in one of two ways; either, first, by a credit abroad, equal to all those expenses, which credit cannot be had otherwise than by a proportionate profit on your trade, and, if that was the case now, there would be no occasion to export specie. Gold and silver would remain in statu quo, and the, bank of England would never have been under the necessity of stopping payment. Or, secondly, you must pay the balance out of the existing wealth, or substance of this kingdom. For these services the foreign bullion goes first; then go the guineas; for as to silver coin there is none, other than that of Birmingham, for common change, and lately a few dollars; and even of them there is no great plenty, though the bank says they have issued to the number of 4,817,634, since the year 1797, which shows that most of the old ones have taken wing, and will soon be followed by the rest. They are all alike birds of passage. A lame dollar will be as much a curiosity as a woodcock in August, for the dollars go just like the guineas; and, if so,

Is the paper cheaper to day by twenty-five per cent, than it was yesterday? But, cheap or dear, is measured by the price, and, if the price be so much lower, is, or is not the value so far reduced? Whether reduction of price be depreciation, or not, or equivalent to it, is a verbal question, very fit to be argued in Change alley; but probably will not be entertained by any man, who has brains enough left to defend his pockets. Here this part of the subject may be dismissed, with one short memorandum to the reader, which he should for ever bear in mind; viz. that, considering specie and paper as equally a medium of circulation, there is this essential and eternal difference between them, that paper, at least, can be nothing proves another thing, which the best but a sign among ourselves, but that, by the comdreamers never dreamt of; that raising the nomimon consent of mankind, gold and silver have an nal value of your coin, wont keep it from travelintrinsic value, and constitute a real pledge or Finally, the plate must follow the guineas, deposit, as well as a sign; and though the price ling. may accidentally vary, according to the quantity or you must stop short, and stop payment; and and the demand, still an intrinsic value adheres then, I say, that in spite of bank notes and paper to the substance. If indeed wealth be an evil, and circulation, or any agreement among ourselves to poverty a blessing, there is nothing so easy as to receive and pay in that sort of coin, and in spite of get rid of the evil, and not only to secure the pre-a grand sinking fund into the bargain, the nation sent blessing, but to entail it on posterity. For this desirable purpose, no effort is necessary, but to persevere in the smooth downhill course, which we are now pursuing. The plane is inclined, and the machine once in motion, will go of itself. There is nothing so easy as the descent of a falling body, through an unresisting medium.

A Birmingham shilling may do as well for commom change as a shilling from the mint, if such a thing existed, or ever came into sight, because, in petty dealings, where the shilling changes hands every minute, a small shifting loss is not regarded-nulla est de minimis cura; or, because

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must be bankrupt, beggared, and undone, and that we are every day approximating to that conclusion.

"I cannot," he observes, "forbear saying one I never saw the proword upon a thing they call a bank, which hear is projecting in this town. posals, nor understand any one particular of their scheme: what I wish for at present, is only a sufficient provision of hemp, and caps, and bells, to distribute, according to the several degrees of honesty and prudence in some persons. I hear only of a monstrous sum already named; and if others do not soon hear of it too, and hear with a vengeance, then am I a gentleman of less sagacity

than myself, and a very few besides, take me to be. And the jest will be still the better if it be true, as judicious persons have assured me, that one half is altogether imaginary. The matter will be likewise much mended, if the merchants continue. to carry off our gold, and our goldsmiths to melt down our heavy silver.

"In the last extremity, and when the facts stare us in the face, and the authors of all the mischief have no subterfuge left, they still have a triumphant way of talking-"Well, where's the remedy? and what is your advice?" as if it rested with the pacient, whom they have reduced to the point of death, to cure himself; and, indeed, if we can. not cure ourselves, there must ere long be an end of us."

There is but one, if we have strength and stamina left to wait the effect of it. The nation must tread back its steps, and reverse its proceedings in the same path, which has brought it to its present decline Stop your foreign expences. Sell more than you buy: and then the wealth that has left you will gradually come back again. the foreign account is against you, the gold and silver must go to balance it; when that balance is reversed, the gold and silver will return, but never till then, or by any other means. This is up-hill work, I know, but this, and nothing else, can save

us.

When

"Let no man believe," says he, at page 40, "that I have not sense enough left to feel that these faint ideas, the languid produce of an impoverished mind, left to fallow without manure, hardly deserve the name of reflections. But, such as they are, they may perhaps lead others to a right course of thinking on the subject they relate to. The expiring lamp, that glimmers on a post, shows the passenger his way. He who grows the flax or the wool, is of some little service to art and industry of a higher order, though he cannot manufacture the articles himself. Even this insipid essay will not be quite unprofitable, if it furnishes materials to greater abilities, and helps to set some superior understanding at work."

"In better times, while feeling was alive, and when reason was animated by passion, these incentive materials might have furnished some force of thought and energy of language. But age and

infirmities have done their office and their worst. Plurima de nobis anni. The reader, who believes my intention to be good, will make allowance for the natural effects and progress of decay. Any account, if it be honest, has fairly a claim to 'errors excepted.'

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"A man of my age, may still be in his senses, when his senses are good for nothing. With a callous heart, there can be no genius in the imagination or wisdom in the mind; and therefore the prayer, with equal truth and sublimity, says, 'incline our hearts unto wisdom.' Resolute thoughts find words for themselves, and make their own vehicle. Impression and expression are relative ideas. He who feels deeply, will express strongly. The language of slight sensations is naturally feeble and superficial."

FOURTEENTH CONGRESS. Names of Members composing the fourteenth Congress, showing the state of parties in that

body. Democratic Republicans marked Federal Republicans marked r.

SENATE.

New Hampshire.
Jeremiah Mason, F.
Thos. W. Thompson, F.
Massachusetts.
Christopher Gore, r.
Joseph B Varnum, R.
Rhode Island.
Jer. B. Howell, R.
William Hunter, r.
Connecticut.

David Daggett, r.
Samuel W. Dana, F.
Vermont.
Dudley Chase, R.
Isaac Tichenor, F.
New York.
Rufus King, F.
Nathan Sandford, B.
New Jersey.
John Condit, R.
James J Wilson, R.
Pennsylvania.
Abner Lacock, R.
Jonathan Roberts, R.
Delaware.

Outerbridge Horsey, F.
William' H. Wells, F.

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Vermont.

Daniel Chipman, F.
Luther Jewett, F.
Chauncey Langdon, F.
Asa Lyon, F.
Charles Marsh, F.
John Noyes, r.

New York.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
New Hampshire.
Chas. H. Atherton, F.
Bradbury Cilley, F.
William Hale, F.
Roger Vose, F.
Daniel Webster, F.
Jeduthun Wilcox, F.
Massachusetts.
William Baylies, F.
George Bradbury, F.
Elijah Brigham, F.
Benjamin Brown, F.
James Carr, F.
John W Hulbert, F.
Cyrus King, F.
Elijah H. Mills, F.

Jeremiah Nelson, F.
Timothy Pickering, r.
John Reed, F.
Thomas Rice, F.
Nathaniel Ruggles, r.
Asahel Stearnes, F.
Solomon Strong, F.
Samuel Taggart, F.
Artemas Ward, F.
Laban Wheaton, F.
Samuel S. Connor, R.
Albion K. Parris, R.

Rhode Island.
John L. Ross, r.
James B. Mason, F.
Connecticut.
Epaph. Champion, F.
John Davenport, Jr. F.
Lyman Law, F.
Jonathan O. Mosley, F.
Timothy Pitkin, F.
Lewis B Sturges, P.
Benjamin Talmage, F.

David Adgate, R.
Samuel R. Betts, R.
James Birdsall, R.
Victory Birdseye, н.
Micah Brook, R.
Oliver C. Comstock, R.
Henry Crocheron, R.
Jabez D. Hammond, R.
William Irving, R."
Erastus Root, R.
John Savage, R.
Abr H. Schenok, a.

Westell Willoughby,R.
John W. Taylor, JR.
Enos T. Troop, R.
George Townsend, R.
Jonathan Ward, R.
Peter H. Wendover, B.
James W. Wilkins, R.
John B. Yates, R.
Peter B. Porter, R
Daniel Cady, F.
Thomas R. Gold, r.
Th P. Grosvenor, F.
Moses Kent, F.
John Lovett, F.
Hosea Moffitt, F.

New Jersey. Ezra Baker, R. Ephraim Bateman, R. Benjamin Bennet, 2.

Lewis Condit, R.
Henry Southard, &.
Thomas Ward, R.

John Randolph, r.
Daniel Sheffey, F.
Magnus Tate, r.

North Carolina.
Joseph H. Bryan, R.
James W. Clarke, R.
W. N. Edwards, R.
Daniel M. Forney, R.
Wm R. King, R.
William Love, R.
William H. Murfree, R.
Israel Pickens, R.
R. Lewis Williams, R.

Penn ylvania.
Thomas Burnside, R.
William Crawford, R.
Wm. Darlington, R.
William Findley, R.
Hugh Glasgow, R
Isaac Griffin, &.
John Halm, R.
Joseph Heister, R.
Samuel D. Ingham,
Jerard Irwine, R.
Aaron Lyle, R.
William Maclay, R.
William Piper, R.
John Ross, R.
James M. Wallace, R.
John Whiteside, R.
Thomas Wilson, R.
William Wilson, R.
John Sargeant, F.
Joseph Hopkinson, F.
William Milnor, F.
Thomas Smith, F.
John Woods, r.

Delaware.
Thomas Clayton, F.
Thomas Cooper, F.
Maryland
George Bare, F..
Chs. Goldsborough, F.
Alex. C. Hanson, F.
John C Herbert, F.
Philip Stuart, F.
Stephenson Archer, R.
William Pinkney, R.
Robert Wright, R.
Samuel Smith, &.
Virginia.
Philip B. Barbour, ®.
Burwell Bassett, R.
Wm. A. Burwell, R.
John Clopton, R.
Thomas Gholson, R.
Peterson Goodwyn, R.
Aylett Hawes, R.
Jno. P. Hungerford, R.
John G. Jackson, R.
James Johnson, R.
John Kerr, R.
William McCoy, R.
Hugh Nelson, R.
Thomas Newton, R.
James Pleasants, Jr. R.
William H. Roane, R.
Ballard Smith, R.
H. St. Geo. Tucker, R.
Jas. Breckenridge, r.
Joseph Lewis, Jr. r.

Bartlett Yancey, R.
John Culpepper, F.
William Gaston, P.
Richard Stanford, F.

South Carolina.
John C. Calhoun, R.
John J. Chappell, R.
Benjamin Huger, R.
William Lowndes, R.
William Mayrant, R.
Henry Middleton, R.
Thomas Moore, R.
John Taylor, R.
Wm. Woodward, R.
Georgia.

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PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. DECEMBER 5, 1815. This day at twelve o'clock, the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES transmitted to both Houses of Congress the following Message, by Mr. TODD, his Secretary. Fellow Citizens of the Senate

and of the House of Representatives:

I have the satisfaction, on our present meeting, of being able to communicate to you the successful termination of the war which had been commenced against the United States by the Regency of Algiers. The squadron in advance, on that service, under commodore Decature, lost not a moment after its arrival in the Mediterranean, in seeking the naval force of the enemy, then cruising in that sea, and succeeded in capturing two of his ships, one of them the principal ship, commanded by the Algerine admiral. The high character of the American commander was brilliantly sustained on the occasion, which brought his own ship into close action with that of his adversary, as was the accustomed gallantry of all the officers and men actually engaged. Having prepared the way by this demonstration of American skill and prowess, he hastened to the port of Algiers, where peace was promptly yielded to his victorious force. In the terms stipulated, the rights and honor of the United States were particularly consulted, by a perpetual relinquishment, on the part of the Dey, of all pretensions to tribute from them. The impressions which have thus been made, strengthened as they will have been by subsequent transactions with the regencies of Tunis and Tripoli, by the appearance of the larger force which followed under commodore Bainbridge, the chief in command of the expedition, and by the judi cious precautionary arrangements left by him . in that quarter, afford a reasonable prospect of future security, for the valuable portion of our commerce which passes within reach of the Barbary cruisers.

Alfred Cuthbert, x.
John Forsyth, R.
Bolling Hall, R.
Wilson Lumpkin, R.
Thomas Telfair, R.
Richard H. Wilde, R.
Kentucky.
Hy. Clav, n. (speaker.)
James Clark, R.
Joseph Desha, R.
Benjamin Hardin, R.
Rich, M. Johnson, R.
Samuel McKee, n.
Alney McLean, R.
Stephen Ormsby, R.
Solomon P. Sharpe, R.
Micah Taul, R.

Tennessee.
Willie Blount, R.
Newton Conner, R.
B. H. Henderson, R.
Samuel Powell, n.
James B. Reynolds,
isaac Thomas, R.

Ohio,

John Alexander, R.
James Caldwell, R.
David Clendenen, x.
Wm. Creighton, Jr. R.
James Kilbourn, u.
John McClean, R.
Louisiana.

Thos. B. Robinson. n.
DELEGATES.

Mississippi Territory. Illinois Territory.
William Lattimore, . Ben. Stephenson, R.
Indiana Territory.
Missouri Territory.
Jonathan Jennings, R. Rufus Easton, R.

RECAPITULATION.

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It is another source of satisfaction that the treaty of peace with Great Britain has been succeeded by a convention on the subject of commerce, concluded by the plenipotentiaries of the two countries. In this result a disposition is manifested on the part of that nation, corresponding with the disposition of the United States, which, it may be hoped, will be improved into liberal arrangements on other subjects, on which the parties have mutual interests, or which might endanger their future harmony. Congress will decide on the expediency of promoting such a sequel, by giving effect to the measure of confining the American navigation to American seamen; a measure which, at the same time that it might have that conciliatory tendency, would have the further advantage of increasing the independence of our

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