ferent religious persuasions. The state of educa- with proper prudence, there will be found in this tion is very deplorable; yet the mass of our citi-state a sufficiency for our necessities. zens are perhaps not as ignorant as the same class of men in the States. We are in the first stage of our political existence, and expect to emerge from our darkness and obscurity very rapidly.

ROYAL SENSIBILITY.

The enhanced price of grain, although a partial evil, will have the salutary tendency to prevent extravagance and waste, and it is to be hoped will restrain our distillers from converting into poison, the gifts intended by the bounty of heaven

to man for his nourishment.

It is to be deplored, that upon the restoration of peace, the imprudence of the merchants in the great commercial cities of the union, has plunged our country into new distress, by a ruinous impor tation of European goods, greatly exceeding our means of payment; calculated to embarrass our domestic manufacturing establishments and to introduce among our citizens a degree of luxury and extravagance, illy suited to our condition or the genius of our government.

While we place a humble reliance on the pro tection of Divine Providence, it behoves us to adopt a rigid system of economy, by which a At a public dinner, near Baltimore, on our last greater portion of the comforts of life will be left national festival in commemoration of our inde-within the reach of the poor and the needy. pendence, was an exiled French general, the ce lebrated Le Febre Desnouettes, who had been invited to partake of the entertainment. On this occasion, as the custoin is, after the regular toasts of the day, had been drank, which are always limited to the number of states that form the federal compact, sundry volunteer toasts were drank, and among the number the following was given by Mr. J. S. Skinner, the P. M. at Baltimore, in compliment to their distinguished guest. generals of France in exile; the glory of their na-permanent duration. tive land; not to be dishonored by the denunciations of an imbecile tyrant."

"The

effects of this unfortunate state of things; but We are gradually recovering from most of the some of its pernicious consequences will be of

The want of specie as a medium of exchange, has retarded the prosperity of our country; and the evil necessarily resulting from this cause, has been greatly aggravated in this state, by the depreciated value of the paper of several of our banking institutions. This has become a subjec of loud and just complaint. That there should b a difference of 8 or 10 per cent. in the rate of exchange, between the notes of neighboring banks, which are equally solvent, is an evil of intolera ble magnitude, and which requires Legislative

interference.

This sentiment, which we understand was cordially responsed by the whole company present, was illy adapted to the delicate tone of the ear of Monsieur Hyde de Neuville, minister of Louis the desired. This very delicate minister de Neuville || addressed a letter to the Secretary of State, demanding the removal of Mr. Skinner from office by way of punishment for his presumption. But Most of our citizens who have adventured their Mr. Monroe not having the fear of Monsieur's roy-capital in domestic manufactu.es, have received al master before his eyes, but being prompted by which although it does not give immediate relief from the Congress of the U. States, a protection, a spirit of independence, gave Mr. de Neuville to to their embarrassments, affords a well founded understand that his application could not be plac-confidence in the success of their establishments. ed upon the files of the department of state, it be. This however, is not the case with all. The manufacture of bar iron, in which this state is deeply ining informal, and a subject with which he had no terested, has not treceived an adequate protection. right to meddle-That our citizens considered it The manufacurers of this article of prime necessity no crime to express their sentiments, not only of are left to struggle with difficulties which have alforeign governments, but also of their own; there-ready involved many of them in ruin; and all those of moderate capital will be obliged to abandon fore his excellency could take his letter back their forges and furnaces, unless some change soon ágain. takes place in their favor. The consequence of this will be, a great and lasting injury to our coun try; for establishments so expensive, as those for the manufacture of iron necessarily are, when once abandoned for want of encouragement, are slowly and cautiously resumed, even under the most favorable change of circumstances.

NEW-JERSEY LEGISLATURE.

On the 22d ult. the Legislature met in Trenton. In Council, Jesse Upson, Esq. of Morris, was appointed Vice-President, and James Lenn, Esq. Secretary. In the House, Charles Clark, Esq. of Essex, was chosen Speaker, and Daniel Coleman, Esq. Clerk.

On the 23d, the Governor sent to both Houses the following Message: Gentlemen of the Legislative Council,

and Gentlemen of the House of Assembly, In consequence of the prevalence of frost and drought during the last spring and summer, and the early part of the present autumn, our crops of grain and grass fall greatly short of the usual supply. There is reason to hope, however, that

The commissioners appointed by the act of As sembly of the 13th of February last, for ascertaining the most eligible route for, and the probable expense of a canal to connect the tide of waters of the Delaware with those of the Raritan, have made considerable progress in discharging the duties assigned them, but are not prepared to report. From what they have already done, no doubt remains that the result of their labors will be highly satisfactory to those, who feel an interest in seeing this great national object of internal navigation carried into effect.

The cheerfulness with which the citizens of this state have paid their taxes, laid by the gene ral government, in consequence of the expense of the late war, which has so gloriously terminated in the exaltation of our national character, is a It is a correct maxim, that virtue is the basis source of peculiar satisfaction. The diminution of a republican goverument; and where vice pre- of taxes at the last session of Congress, and the dominates, tyranny in some shape ensues. Vir-present prospect of a continuance of peace, give tue, therefore, ought to be the pole-star to guide us in all our deliberations; and the whole system of law should be adopted to promote that vital principle.

I entertain the highest confidence in you, gen. tlemen, that in all the appointments of officers, of which you are the electors, you will have regard to men of integrity and virtue, as well as of information and talents. Did we possess the best possi- The depressed situation of our infant manufacble system of human laws, yet should they be disre-tories since the return of peace, is a matter of segarded, and remain unenforced by the civil ma- rious concern. Any encouragement that can congistrate, it would avail us nothing; vice would sistently be given them, I trust will not be withsoon tyrannize over moral virtue, and destroy the held. best of human governments.

The uncommon failure of some of the most imEducation is among the first objects of a free portant articles of produce, on which the suste people; for a people who lose the knowledge of nance of man and beast depends, is so alarming, their rights, will not long enjoy the fruits of li- that I take the liberty to recommend to you, and berty. A republican government is a govern-through you to the people of this state, the most ment of the people; and the virtue and intelli-rigid economy in the early expenditure of those gence of the people are its security and its articles of provision most deficient, that by pecu strength. It is, therefore, highly necessary that liar precaution we may avoid as far as possible the the great body of the people should be well in- foreboded evil of this unparalleled season.

THE NATIONAL REGISTER.

[No. 11.

On your wisdom and integrity, gentlemen, I, whole races having become extinct. Why it has shall firmly rely, for the judicious management of pleased the CREATOR thus to destroy the beings those weighty concerns, in which the interest of which he once formed, I know not! But the acour constituents is deeply involved. Collected | tual specimens now before me prove the existfrom the several towns throughout this state, you ence, in former days, around New-York, of an an bring with you all the information necessary to phibious reptile resembling the famous fossil Crelegislate for the free and enlightened people you codile of Maestricht; of an Elephant peculiar to represent. Suffer me to solicit your kind sup- America; of a Rhinoceros different from that of port, while I cheerfully engage on my part to cooperate with you in all your endeavors to prothe transatlantic countries; of the great Mastomote the best good of this state, and the general || drepore-belemite-terebratula, &c. &c. not den; of an extinct oyster; of Spirueus; of a mɑhappiness of mankind. And may our joint efforts found alive, and known only by their disinterred be attended with success. remains: besides the bones of land animals, relics of fishes, and various other memorable objects of this class. Thus, you see, we are taking independent ground, and doing business in earnest. [National Intelligencer.

JONAS GALUSIA.

Montpelier, Oct. 11, 1816.

NATURAL HISTORY.

ICHTHYOLOGY.

Extracts of a letter from Dr. S. L. Mitchell, Oc-
tuber 22, 1816.

MAGNETISM.

From the National Intelligencer.

The editors of the National Intelligencer have paper, signed “ John Wilson, Rhea county, 12th communicated to me a note from a Tennessee ism to the discovery both of longitude and latiOct. 1816," relative to an application of mu netWilkes county, Georgia, a member elect of the tude. This is not a new idea. Dr. Joel Abbot, of 15th congress, was, I believe the first person who suggested the idea. He has made some experi

MEDICAL.

To the Editor of the Telescope.

Z.

"Mr. Maclure and M. Le Suer, the former an eminent Geologist, and the latter the distinguished Zoologist, passed the last Saturday evening at my house, Baron L'Escallier, Count Regnaud, and some other gentlemen of the like character, were present. At my request, M. Le Suer produced, for the information of the company, his drawings of the fishes of the Fredonian waters. They were executed in a style equal to Wilson's birds, andments on the subject, and has examined it with were beautiful when viewed only as specimens great ingenuity in a small pamphlet, which I have. of fine art; but when considered as delineations read with pleasure, and regret that it is not now of ical objects, many of them unknown to the per- before me. The suum cuique tribuito (let every one, sons present, and forty, or more, species new to the philosophical world, you can easily conceive || Franklin's discoveries in electricity-Godfrey's inhave his due) is a just and good maxim. Dr. what a treat we had. It was, indeed, a grand and vention of what is improperly called Hadley's admirable report on the Ichthyology of these parts Quadrant-Fulton's steam boat, &c. &c. have es of North-America. Among them was a Herringtablished the reputation of American genius and of Erie, and its continuous floods; and a Cod in- talent on an imperishable basis, habiting the same place; affording decisive proof of the correctness of my doctrines,-that the great lakes of North America were, originally, filled with salt water, and that they have parted with it, and been replenished with fresh water, in the course of time; while some of the fishes have gradually accommodated themselves to their new element, and remain winter has continued to appear in sporadic inMR. LORRAIN,-We learn through various channels that the catarrhal eqidemic disease of last living witnesses to their former state of things. The stances during the whole summer and present audescendants of Oceanic animals are, at this day,tumn, in various sections of the state. Every series inhabitants of the Upper Lakes. I am well assured, and by a very competent witness, Alexander east-ward, of which we have had an unusual numof damp cool days with the wind from the northMacomb, Esq. that a finned or marine tortoise has ber, has given rise to some cases of this distemper. heen repeatedly seen, and by himself, among The summer attacks have been comparatively others, at Detroit. M. Rufinesque had informed mild: but as the Autumn advances it is obvious me some weeks ago, that on his excursion to they begin to assume a more serious aspect, and Lakes George and Champlain, and to Saratoga of late in a neighboring district, I have learned and their neighboring streams, he had discovered that three or four cases of the angina have proved about twenty sorts of fishes. He calculates, that suddenly fatal. These circumstances, together, M. Le Suer has added forty at least to the list of with the history of the disease for the last four discoveries: and it was agreed that, in my me- years, in the northern and middle states, afford moir published in the New-York Philosophical grounds for a serious presumption that as the Transactions, I had described eighty which the winter approaches we may be revisited by this Europeans had never heard of: so that the scien- terrible calamity. It is therefore of the first imtific world will have a present of one hundred and portance that we should avail ourselves of every forty kinds of fish to add to their present stock. fact which may assist us in successfully arresting I have been engaged, during my spare hours, in its destructive effects. As throat-cases have hiexamining the fossil geology around New-York. therto proved the most irremediable and mortal It is curious beyond any expectation I had enter- of any other type which has yet appeared in this tained when I undertook the task. I am satisfied country, and as a case of this kind, of the most that I have before me the remains of fourteen ani- rapid and alarming nature, was recently attended mals raised from the strata under ground, that by Dr. E. D. Smith and myself, and was speedily are no longer inhabitants of this world; their and happily cured by a very simple and easy

method, but which I believe has not been gene- a minute or two, but could not be got into the rally, if at all, pursued, I have taken the liberty throat for the purpose of gargling. Upon ejectof communicating it through the medium of youring the mustard from the mouth the mucus which paper, hoping it may prove publicly beneficial. I am, dear Sir, yours, &c. Columbia, Oct. 21, 1816.

JAMES DAVIS.

followed, was so viscid as to require the aid of an assistant to draw it forth; and the quantity discharged after every application of the mus tard was astonishing; the aggregate during the afternoon and night was thought to be near three

A robust black man, aged 25 years, was sud-pints. The discharge immediately from the vesdenly attacked on a cool damp day with a sore sels engorged, had so reduced the tumefaction, by throat. In a few hours a high fever supervened, night, that he was able to swallow by great exeraccompanied with pungent heat of the surface and tions small quantities of liquid, with but little tethe full, laboring, but soft pulse of the typhus gra- tanic spasms. In the morning he was enabled to vior: and when medical aid was first obtained, contain the tongue within his mouth, to articulate, late in the evening, his tongue and throat were so and to take the mustard in his throat and rattle it swollen as to render articulation impossible and with energy. His fever, however, continued. deglutition very difficult, with a peculiarly heavy || Frequent stimulating enemas were administered, and stupid appearance of the countenance, resem- and during the night, by assiduous and urgent atbling a state of intoxication.-The usual reme- tention, he had swallowed about half a pint of dies were applied for anginose affections. But in Madeira wine. In the morning, as the power of the morning all the symptoms were prodigiously deglutition was considerably restored, we exhiincreased. His fever was excessively high; his bited by the mouth the strong camphorated mixface and throat more swollen with external tume-ture and a combination of vin: antimon: with laufaction; his tongue inflamed and projecting out danum alternately every two hours, together with of the mouth; deglutition and articulation per- a moderate use of Madeira wine. In the evening fectly impossible; respiration becoming more dif- a profuse perspiration was excited, which mitificult; the jaws rigid and immoveable, with te-gated the fever. The same medicines were contanic spasms upon every effort to swallow, or even tinued through the night. The next morning he upon being touched. In this desperate condition, was nearly free from fever-he was animated and our embarrassment was extreme. The avenue to desired food, and his throat gave him but little · the stomach being entirely closed, and the tume. uneasiness. We then administered the concenfaction of the tongue and fauces so great as to trated tincture of bark freely-and in two days render it impracticable to get into the mouth to more he was restored to health, except the sorecarify the fauces, or to introduce an elastic tube ness of the blister and debility. into the oesophagus for the purpose of injecting In anginose forms of the prevailing epidemic, remedies into the stomach, we calculated on re- which but too often preclude the possibility of maining as useless spectators of his speedy disso- administering general remedies, and which it is lution by suffocation. The pulse and concomi-apprehended are generally accompanied with a tant symptoms forbid venesection. Our only pos typhous state of the system, and of the character sible resource was in local applications. We ap- of the angina aquosa of Sauvages, or rather of the plied a large epispastic to the throat; but from angina ademnatosa of Macartan, topical sialothe nature of the fever, and the rapid progress of gogues, seem not only to promise almost the sole the engorgement of the vessels about the throat, chance of relief, but even in cases where the avewe could place bat small reliance on it alone. A nue to the stomach is not closed, are rationally inliberal discharge of saliva and mucus from the dicated as the most powerful and direct means for engorged vessels and glands of the mouth and disgorging the infarcted vessels and glands immefauces was strongly indicated-but we were un- diately diseased, and which threaten the immedicertain what speedy and effectual agents to em- ate and most imminent danger. ploy for this purpose. Our usual internal sialogogues were too slow in their operations for the rapid progress of the case.-We, however, had recourse to camphorated vapor, produced by pouring boiling hot water on pulverised camphor and breathed from the spout of a tea-pot. This topical application was attended with partial but encouraging success.-A considerable discharge of thick, viscid mucus was produced by every inhalation; and appeared at least to check for four or five hours the further rapid engorgement of the fauces. About this time Doctor Smith, in turning over a volume of the London Medical Review, found a case in so many respects analogous, that we readily resorted to the method of treatment there laid down; and I am happy in being able. to state that the effects were not only parallel to those recorded in that communication, but were equal to our most sanguine expectations. The flour of mustard mixed with water, there recommended, was sedulously employed every five or ten minutes through the afternoon and night.During this time, however, the mustard could only be taken into the mouth and retained there for ll

The sole object of this communication is to attract attention to the use of topical sialogogues in the management of throat-cases of the catarrhal epidemic. Although fortunately for this commu. inity, the present is the first violent case of this disease which I have witnessed, yet from authentic information it has proved a greater scourge in some of the districts of this state than all the other forms united. If topical sialogogues should be found to be sufficiently potent to prevent the catastrophe of gangrene, suppuration or suffocation from the local affection of the throat, the immediate and imminent danger will be removed, and such time given for the management of the constitutional febrile affection as generally to allow our efforts to be crowned with success. And although camphorated vapour was first resorted to, and flour of mustard afterwards relied on in this case, yet possibly some sialogogues still more potent and convenient may be resorted to by others.* As it is known that stimulating substances gene. rally, when applied to the mouth and fauces probe a potent sialogogue. *The Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium, or prickly asli, is known to

THE NATIONAL REGISTER.

[No. 11.

mote secretion therefrom; and as it is probable
there are no specific properties either in camphor the pulse, the reduced situation of the patient,
The great distention of the parts, the state of
or mustard for this purpose; they are mentioned the effect of the preceding bleedings, the counte-
here only because they have been successfully nance of the person, the continuance of the affec-
tried. The point which is considered of impor- tion and other concomitant symptoms; all attested
tance is the local depletion and disgorgement of the presence of the angina aquosa, or, if I may be
the infarcted vessels and glands immediately af-permitted the expression, the angina tedematosa;
fected and threatening the most imminent danger; consequently the indication was to evacuate the
and which it its probable cannot be so speedily, accumulated serum by prompt means, in order to
directly and effectually relieved by any other me-prevent the great existing danger of my patient
thod as by sialogogues. To corroborate this idea | being suffocated, or being attacked with apo-
I will insert the case alluded to above, from Dr.plexy. I prescribed immediately as follows:
Macartan, London Medical Review volume third.

The Case. Several cases have come under my observation, of sore throat, wherein I have often been apprehensive that my patients would have been soffocated. In almost every instance a gar gle of mustard has been employed with the happiest success; and as I am anxious that so valuable and speedy a remedy should be as generally known as possible, I have extracted the following case from my note book; and as it gave rise to its use, I preferred selecting it, on that account, to several others very analogous to it.

1. An irritating purgative glyster, composed of one ounce of antimonial wine and ten of senna infusion.

Be

2. Cupping-glasses about the clavicles. 3. A large blister to the nape of the neck. the radix pyrith, with oxymel of squills, aromatic 4. A gargle composed of a strong decoction of tincture, and eau de luce. But apprehensive that the preparing of this gargle would cause an immense loss of time, and aware of a sudden dissolution, I directed, in order to lose no time, some flour of mustard to be put into some water, in the Towards the middle of July, 1792, a laboring I urged him to gargle his throat with it, but he proportion of two table spoonfuls to half a pint. mason, being enrolled for the national guard, pre-made signs with his hands that he could not. I sented himself in this capacity to the military hos- then ordered a little of it to be moved about in pital at Valenciennes, to which I was then physi-his mouth: the same impossibility. I then insistcian, for a peripneumonia catarrhalis. He was bled, purged, and blistered, which, with the assis-or three minutes, when he was obliged to let it ed upon his keeping a little in his mouth for two tance of some diaphoretic expectorants, nearly out from the accumulation of saliva. recovered him by the end of the same month. His ner it was employed in my presence for half an appetite was good, and he had no further com- hour, and the flow of saliva was astonishing. In this manplaint, except an abundant expectoration, charac-fore I left the room, which was near an hour from terised by all the signs of a critical evacuation. the time he began the mustard gargle, he could arIt was at this period that he thought proper to quit ticulate the word "better," which induced me to the hospital without being discharged therefrom. continue its use in preference to any other. When Sixteen days afterwards, I was called in to attend I visited him at night, I was really astonished to him at his brother's, who, (the patient being unable to speak) gave me the following account: find he could gargle his throat with freedom, and That soon after he runaway from the hospital he blister on the nape of the neck was, at the desire answer me every question I put to him. The was exposed to a shower of rain that soaked him of my patient, removed and a little pomatum laid through and through; that when he came in this over the skin, which was becoming red. The mornwet condition into the house, he complained of ing following, when I called upon him, I found being very cold; was soon after seized with shi- || him in high spirits, eating and singing!! verings, and the next day with a sore throat; that not daring to show himself at the hospital, he had consulted another physician, who directed him to be bled three successive times; that after each bleeding he found himself more embarrassed in the throat, and that as he was daily getting worse, and his life despaired of, he sent for me. At this time he had a very violent cough, attended with a raising of a mucuous substance from the lungs as far as the top of the larynx, where it remained producing dreadful agitations of the system, he not being able to spit it out on account of the tumefaction of the fauces. The swelling of the throat was such as entirely to impede deglutition, and totally suppress the voice. The respiration was very laborious, the pulse beat unequally, and "Elizabeth Town, Upper Canada, Oct 3, 1816. about 66 in the minute, counting those which the ty, as singular as it is cruel and malicious. The "I cannot bút mention an instance of depravi difficulty of the breathing occasionally intercept- well of a Mr. Gardner, of the adjoining town of el. The part I could see of the swelled fauces Youge, was poisoned by some person on Sunday was not accompanied with that great degree of night, by throwing in a quantity of arsenic. The paleness and softness which are reckoned by Sau-family, 12 in number, were in the most distressvages as the characteristic signs of the anginoaing pain, their bowels, eyes and lips swelled in aquosa. There was no compresssion on the jugular veins, to produce any effects analogous to the artificial angina, which Lower effected on the dog by the ligature round the neck.

DEPRAVITY.

From the Montreal Herald of Oct. 26. attempt ever made in this or any other country, The following account of the most atrocious to poison a numerous family, and others who might taste of the deadly draught, has been communicated to us by a gentleman of respectability and unquestionable veracity. The mind is petrified with horror at the recital of such a diabolical deed, and startles at the thought of the depravity of human nature, when divested of moral and religious principles.

the most astonishing manner. Besides the twelve
in the family, three others were taken ill by drink-
ing a little of the water. I am sorry to say that
the wretch who did the deed is yet undiscovered