none as yet have died; but the old man, 82 years of age, has not been expected to live for three or four days past. True it is, that in the midst of life we are in death."

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From the Richmond Compiler.
HOBHOUSE'S LETTERS.

the whole parterre, and interrupted the actor for some moments. Napoleon was very attentive; whilst I saw him he spoke to none of those who stood behind him, nor returned the compliments of the audience: he withdrew suddenly at the end of the play, without any notice or obesiance, so that the multitude had hardly time to salute him with a short shout. As I mentioned before, I saw the Bourbon princes received, for the first time, in the same place last year. Their greeting will bear no comparison with that of Napoleon, nor will any of those accorded to the heroes of the very many ceremonies I have witnessed in the course of my life.

FOUCHE.

ve just seen a work issued from the Engss, and republished in America, under the "The Substance of some Letters written by glishman resident at Prris, during the last of the Emperor Napoleon, &c.-It is admitted the it is the production of Mr. Hobhouse, the son of Benjamin Hobhouse, member of Parliment and we are free to say, the denunciations of the A personal friend and general of Napoleon's English Quarterly Review to the contrary notwas, one day, a little before the departure of the withstanding, we regard this volume as the most emperor for the army, talking to him in private, and undertook the defence of Fouche. Napoleon authentic and satisfactory account of the late revolution in France, that has yet issued from the replied, "that he was a traitor, and that he would press. It is not written in an elegant, nor very deprive him of his place, and arrest him." His perspicuous manner-though sometimes distin-defender took up the cause warmly on every guished by great rigor-but the facts seem to be ground, both as to the difficulty of finding a suc so well authenticated, and are so happily selected, cessor (for Savary would terrify even the aide-dethat it is impossible to read it without interest camps,), and as far as respected the outcries of and instruction. The views which it presents of the partisans of that minister, who would exclaim Napoleon Bonaparte are drawn in much softer co-against Napoleon for dismissing a man who would lours than it is usual for an Englishman to emnot sign his ambitious decrees. " If you are vicploy. He is not represented as a monster-but a torious," said the general, "Fouche will serve man, seduced by ambition yet of invincible cou-you well: if you are beaten, you must not expect rage, the most astonishing genius, an energy never that any minister of police will be of any service subdued, and what will appear as more singular, to your cause." Napoleon desisted from his proamiable in his social and domestic relations;ject of dismissing Fouche; but his adviser has fond of children, beloved by his housekeeper, al- since changed his opinion, and one day said to me, most adored by his friends and soldiers.-The "I am now convinced that Fouche was a traitor, picture of Louis is drawn of course with less bril- from the moment he found the war inevitable. liant colours-he is a good sort of a man, but not His conduct in every event subsequent upon the aba great king-The whole volume abounds with dication was always double. I know not whether very interesting anecdotes of the principal politi-it was possible to save the national cause; but of cians who have lately figured on the theatre of this I am sure, that Fouche and Davoust thought France-proceedings in the legislative halls-re- only of saving Fouche and Dayoust, flections upon the most important events as they occur-forming, as far as we can judge, the most Some English travellers visited Napoleon's pa authentic materials for the historian, and the most lace at Elba soon after his departure, and found interesting elucidations for the cursory reader.—his establishment, his library, his apartment, and We are so much pleased ourselves with this pro-his furniture, exactly in the state he had left duction, that we cannot refrain from laying a few them. His old housekeeper, who had followed extracts before our readers: him through all his vicissitudes of fortune, was in the greatest distress, not about herself, but for Her unaffected expreshis safety and success.

NAPOLEON'S VISIT TO THE THEATRE.

ELBA.

was strewn with written papers torn into small bits, and on the table was lying open a life of Charles V. which he had been reading the night before he embarked.

ABDICATION AT FONTAINBLEAU.

As to Napoleon's reception at the Fraincais, it is impossible to give any idea of the joy by whichsions of attachment, and artless report of his unihe was hailed. The house was choaked with form good humor, were better refutations of the spectators, who crowded into the orchestra. The hideous pictures drawn of his domestic manners, play was Hector. Previously to the rising of thethan volumes written by the flatterers who so long curtain, the airs of La Victoire and the Marseil-attended and disgraced his court. His library laise were called for and performed amidst thunders of applause, the spectators joining in the burthen of the song. An actor of the Feydeau rose in the balcony, and sung some occasional words to the Marseillaise which were received in raptures, and accompanied by the whole house at A French colonel, who attended the emperor the end of each verse. The enthusiasm was at at Fontainbleau during the days of his abdication, its utmost pitch. Napoleon entered at the third || informed me, that he was standing by the side of scene. The whole mass rose with a shout which Napoleon, on the parade, when M. de Caulainstill thunders in my ears The vives continued court brought him the first news of his deposition. till the Emperor, after bowing to the right and The event was communicated in a whisper. Naleft, had seated himself, and the play was recom-poleon drew back a step, bit his lip, and a faint menced. The audience received every speech which had the least reference to their returned hero with unnumbered plaudits. The words fin il reparoit," and "c'toit hui"-Achille, raised

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flush passed across his cheek; but he recovered himself instantaneously, and continued the review. For the first 24 hours subsequent to his fall, he was a little unquiet; but afterwards was restored

to his usual spirits and manners. It was a melan- Gentlemen,-I am a stranger, but I hope you choly scene; the long corridors, the saloons of will deign to attend (to attend to) a Frenchman, the vast palace, even the anti-chamber of Napo- who has come in (to) America to do good. Since leon, were crowded with officers and soldiers,|| my arrival at (in) your country, I have been in sauntering carelessly from room to room without many of your principal towns. Every where I subordination, but without disturbance; for not have seen numerous and public monuments of only all order was lost, but all spirit even for com- || your beneficence towards humanity; establishments motion had subsided. Each morning as they rose, for the instruction of youth, retirings for the some martial, general, or minister, on being ask- poor, hospitals for the sick, prisons for the maleed for by the emperor, was found to have dropped factors. To my great regret, I have seen none off to Paris. for the deaf and dumb persons, and nevertheless, these unfortunate, who are innocent and interest|| ing beings, deserved no less right to your benevolence.

Napoleon, when he put his name to the abdication, made two or three scratches and a dent with the stump of the pen, or back of a knife, on the little round claw-footed yellow table, on which it It is a great benefit, without doubt, to rescue was signed. After his resignation of the empire, from their misfortune those whom nature has dehe spent his time, either in conversation in his prived of the sense of hearing; to restore them apartment, or in a little English garden at the to society, to their families, to the cultivation of back of the palace, which he had himself laid out their understanding, in the same degree as if at considerable expense. In the midst of it there they could hear and speak; to render them prois a circular marble fountain, with a figure of Dia- per to almost every kind of labours (labour) for na rising from the centre of the bath. On a stone the acquisition of all the arts and of all the scibench beside it, and immediately opposite to a ences, and for filling every (every was erased in vista, at the end of which is a figure of Mercury the address as read) various employments; in this on a pedestal, Napoleon, on one of these days of manner, to bring comfort to their parents, to distress, was seated alone for three hours, and whom they are in the indigence (in indigence) a amused himself in kicking a hole, a foot deep, || painful burden, and in the easier and higher with his heel, in the gravel beneath. The keep-ranks of the life (of life) a subject of affliction: er of the palace of Fontainbleu showed me both to preserve perhaps some of the exalted geniuses the table and fountain. who advance the bounds of our knowledges, (knowledge) who do honour to humanity, and who are its benefactors.

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Conversing one day with the colonel, he said, "It is not the armies that have dethroned me, not the combined sovereigns, not the extraordinary Pray occupy yourselves, Gentlemen, with this efforts of England; but the progress of liberal important object.-Mingle your generosity with ideas, which, if I had regarded four or five years that of Europeans. Urge the establishment of past, I should have confirmed my power for ever. this school.-Give the example to the Legislature "However," said he, gaily, "I did not, and it is (Legislature) of the other States of America.come to this." In the conversation to which I Call on all enlightened and feeling minds to assist have before alluded, which he held with Mr. Sis-you.-Touch them with that ardent zeal which mondi, he said, "that he was the child of the revolution; that he owed all his greatness to the emancipation of France from its ancient servitude; that he knew and was attached to the true principles of liberty; “quoique je m'en suis ecarte,' added he; "but I have seen my error, I have felt and suffered, and I acknowledge the absolute necessity and demand for freedom in this country."

LAURENT CLERC.

From the Connecticut Herald. On Friday evening of the past week Mr. Clerc met a number of the gentlemen of the legislature of the town, for the purpose of giving them an opportunity of witnessing the efficacy of his venerable instructor, the Abbe Sicard's mode of teaching the deaf and dumb. Mr. Clerc prepared an address for the occasion, a copy of which we lay before our readers, assuring them, at the same time, on the authority of his friend, Mr. Gallaudet, that, with the exception of a few corrections, which we have faithfully and minutely printed, it was entirely his own, both with regard to thought and style, without any thing being suggested or dictated by any other person. We understand, also, that it was the fruit of about four or five hours labour. Our simple object in stating this, is to show the entire efficacy of that mode of in. straction, which is capable of producing such resuits. We also add several replies, which were mude by Mr. Clerc to questions proposed on the pot.

animates here an entire nation for every thing which tends to the instruction of infancy, to the soothing of misfortune, and to the prevention of crimes.

If those who have told me it, are correctly informed, there are more than 2000 deaf and dumb in the United States of America without education. I have seen many of them either (both) young and old, in Hartford, Boston, Salem, and N. Heaven. They are, I must confess it, endowed with considerable intelligence; they have idea (an idea) of the most common uses and customs, and of what strikes the sense of sight; but who can prove (to) us that they may also have (that they also have) idea (an idea) of abstret qualities of the objects purely intelligible, (intellectual) and of all that exist in the understanding? It is almost impossible to have idea (an idea) of metaphysics, the mysteries of religion, the faculties of the mind and of the heart, if at first we have not learned to write and to read, for it is in proportion as we instruct ourselves, that we can acquire the know. ledges (knowledge) of Intelligible (intellectual) things, and then the language of signs on intelli gible (intellectual) things, as simple as nature is capable of extending itself like her, and of attaining the further limits of human thought,.

I have conversed by signs, with those deaf and dumb abovementioned; we have undertaken (understood) each others (other) perfectly well, because we have spoken of material objects; and this language is universal. I shall never forget the days in which I made acquaintance with Mr.

do for myself, if I was in the same situation as they are.

FOREIGN.

LORD EXMOUTH'S REPORT.

Thomas Aspinwall, a deaf and dumb person of Roxbury, near Boston-with Mr. George Ropes of Salem, and more especially with a young lady of about (about) twelve years old, of Hartford, and surprisingly intelligent for her age, and lately with Mr. Jones, of this town. As soon as 1 beheld them, my face became animated: I was as agitated as a traveller of sensibility would be on meeting Queen Charlotte, Algiers Bay, Aug. 28. all on a sudden in distant regions, a colony of his SIR,-In all the vicissitudes of a long life of countrymen. On their side, those deaf and dumb public service, no circumstance has ever producgentlemen (persons) fixed their looks on me, anded on my mind such impressions of gratitude and recognized me as one of themselves. An expres-joy as the event of yesterday. To have been one sion of surprize and pleasure enlivened all their of the humble instruments, in the hands of Divine features. I approached them. I made some signs, Providence, for bringing to reason a ferocious and they answered me by signs. This communi- government, and destroying for ever the insuffer cation caused a most delicious sensation on (in) || able and horrid system of Christian slavery, can each of us, and it was for the persons who were never cease to be a source of delight and heartfelt present a scene of expression and sensibility which comfort to every individual happy enough to be gave them the most heartfelt satisfaction. Thus, employed in it. I may, I hope, be permitted, unin making use of the natural language of signs, der such impressions, to offer my sincere congra we could establish a rapid and universal system tulations to their Lordships on the complete sucof communication, which supply (supplies) the cess which attended the gallant efforts of his Mawant of spoken language all over the world. jesty's fleet in their attack upon Algiers of yesterBut, Gentlemen, if the deaf and dumb are happy day; and the happy result produced from it on together, those who do not know how to write this day by the signature of peace. and read, are not so with the persons endowed with the sense of hearing and the use of Speech, because they cannot make themselves understand || to (understood by) them. Be then so good as to|| hasten their happiness; your countrymen have been too negligent of that unfortunate class of deaf and dumb; I hope you will soon rival the benevolence of Europe.

LAURENT CLERC.

Have you any idea how God could have existed from eternity?

God was before all ages; but we cannot comprehend how he is from eterhity; it is a great mystery for us.

What idea have you of God?

That he is the Supreme being, by whom all exist in this world, the Creator and the preserver of all visible and invisible beings.

Have you any idea of the manner in which we converse with those who are not. deaf and

dumb?

I know that in speaking you express your thoughts by the mean of the voice, but I have no idea of the effect of the sound.

How long ago, and in what manner did you learn the English language?—

Thus has a provoked war of two day's existence been attended by a complete victory, and closed by a renewed peace for England and her Ally, the King of the Netherlands, on conditions dictated by the firmness and wisdom of his Majesty's gov erniment, and commanded by the vigour of their measures.

My thanks are justly due for the honour and confidence His Majesty's Ministers have been pleased to repose on my zeal, on this highly important occasion. The means were by them made adequate. to my own wishes, and the rapidity of their measures speak for themselves. Not more than one hundred days since I left Algiers with the British fleet, unsuspicious and ignorant of the atrocities which had been committed at Bona; that fleet, on its arrival in England, was necessarily disbanded, and another, with proportionate resources, created and equipped; and, although impeded in its progress by calms and adverse winds, has poured the vengeance of an insulted nation, in chastising the cruelties of a ferocious government, with a promptitude beyond example, and highly honourable to the national character, eager to resent oppression or cruelty, whenever practised upon those under their protection.

I began to learn it at the moment in which I Would to God that in the attainment of this obleft France; and being on the sea, I applied my-ject I had not deeply to lament the severe loss of self so much, that I succeeded to make some pro- so many gallant officers and men; they have progress. fusely bled in a contest which has been peculiarHow do deaf and dumb persons first learn they marked by proofs of such devoted heroism as names of objects or things?would rouse every noble feeling, did I dare indulge in relating them.

We at first draw the object in question, shew it to them, make the sign of it, and write the name Their Lordships will already have been informof that object, and make the pupils imitate the ed, by his Majesty's sloop Jasper, of my proceedletters such as they see them, and by dint of re-ings up to the 14th inst. on which day I broke peating we succeed to teach the world to them. The thanks of the meeting were expressed to Mr. Clerc by a vote to which he immediately wrote the following reply :

ground from Gibraltar, after a vexatious detention, by a foul wind of four days.

The fleet, complete in all its points, with the addition of five gun-boats, fiited at Gibraltar, deGentlemen:-I am very sensible of the interest parted in the highest spirits, and with the most you express for me. I thank you, at my turn, to favourable prospect of reaching the port of their have honored me with your presence. I hope you destination in three days; but an adverse wind will reflect on my address at your leisure, and destroyed the expectation of an early arrival, pronounce on the future happiness of the poor which was the more anxiously looked for by mydeaf and dumb of this country. They are myself, in consequence of hearing, the day I sailed brothers, and I must do for them what they would !! from Gibraltar, that a large army had been assem

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bled and that very considerable additional works bout fifty yards distance. At this moment not a were throwing up, not only on both flanks of the gun had been fired, and I began to suspect a full city, but also immediately about the entrance of compliance with the terms which had been so the Mole; from this I was apprehensive that my many hours in their hands; at this period of prointention of making that point my principal ob found silence, a shot was fired at us from the ject of attack had been discovered to the Dey by || Mole, and two at the ship to the northward then the same means he had heard of the expedition. following; this was promptly returned by the This intelligence was on the following night, Queen Charlotte, who was then lashing to the greatly confirmed by the Prometheus, which I had ainmast of a brig, fast to the shore in the mouth despatched to Algiers some time before, to en- of the Mole, and which we had steered for, as deavour to get away the consul. Capt. Dashwood the guide to our position. had with difficulty succeeded in bringing away, disguised in midshipman's uniform, his wife and daughter, leaving a boat to bring off their infant child, coming down in a basket with the surgeon, who thought he had composed it, but it unhappily cried in the gate-way, and in consequence the The ships immediately following me were adsurgeon, 3 midshipmen, in all 18 persons, were mirably and coolly taking their stations, with a seized and confined as slaves in the usual dun-precision, even beyond my most sanguine hope; geons. The child was sent off next morning by and never did the British flag receive, on any oc the Dey, and as a solitary instance of his humani-casion, more zealous and honourable support. To ty, it ought to be recorded by me. look further on the line than immediately round Captain Dashwood further confirmed, that about me was perfectly impossible, but so well ground40,000 men had been brought down from the in-ed was my confidence in the gallant officers I had terior, and all the Janissaries called in from dis- the honour to command, that my mind was left tant garrisons, and that they were indefatigably perfectly free to attend to other objects, and I employed in their batteries, gun boats, &c. and knew them in their stations only by the destrucevery where strengthening the sea defences. tive effect of their fire upon the walls and batteThe Dey informed capt. Dashwood he knew per-ries to which they were opposed. fectly well the armament was destined for Algiers, and asked him if it was true; he replied, if he had such information he knew as much as he did, and probably from the same source-the public prints.

Thus commenced a fire as animated and well supported as, I believe, was ever witnessed, from a quarter before three until nine, without intermission, and which did not cease altogether until || half past eleven.

The ships were all in port, and between 40 and 50 gun and mortar-boats ready, with several more in forward repair. The Dey had closely confined the Consul, and refused either to give him up or promise his personal safety; nor would he hear a word respecting the officers and men seized in the boats of the Prometheus.

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I had about this time the satisfaction of seeing Vice Admiral Van Capellen's flag in the station I had assigned to him, and soon after, at intervals, the remainder of his frigates, keeping up a well supported fre on the flanking batteries he had offered to cover us from, as it had not been in my power, for want of room, to bring him in the front of the Mole.

About sunset I received a message from Rear Admiral Milne, conveying to me the severe loss the Impregnable was sustaining, having then 150 killed and wounded, and requesting I would, if possible, send him a frigate to divert some of the fire he was under.

The Glasgow, near me, immediately weighed, but the wind had been driven away by the canno nade, and she was obliged to anchor again, having obtained rather a better position than before,

From the continuance of adverse winds and calms, the land to the westward of Algiers was not made before the 16th, and the next morning, at day-break, the fleet was advanced in sight of the city, though not so near as I had intended. As the ships were becalmed, I embraced this op- || portunity of despatching a boat, under cover of I had at this time sent orders to the explosion the Severn, with a flag of truce, and the demands vessel, under the charge of Lieut. Fleming and I had to make, in the name of his Royal Highness Mr. Parker, by Captain Reade of the engineers, the Prince Regent, on the Dey of Algiers (of to bring her into the Mole; but the Rear-Admiwhich the accompanying are copies); directingral having thought she would do him essential the officer to wait two or three hours for the service if exploded under the battery in his front, Dey's answer, at which time, if no reply was I sent orders to this vessel to that effect, which sent, he was to return to the flag-ship; he was were executed. I desired also the Rear Admiral met near the Mole by the Captain of the port, might be informed, that many of the ships being who, on being told the answer was expected in now in flames, and certain of the destruction of one hour, replied, that it was impossible. The the whole, I considered I had executed the most officer then said he would wait two or three hours; important part of my instructions, and should he then observed, two hours was quite sufficient. make every preparation for withdrawing the ships, and desired he would do so as soon as possible with his division.

The fleet at this time, by the springing up of the sea breeze, had reached the bay, and were preparing the boats and flotilla for service, until There were awful moments during the conflict, near two o'clock, when, observing my officer was which I cannot now attempt to describe, occasionreturning with the signal flying that no answered by firing the ships so near us, and I had long had been received, after a delay of upwards of resisted the eager entreaties of several around three hours, I instantly made the signal to know if me, to make the attempt upon the outer frigate, the ships were all ready, which being answered distant 100 yards, which at length I gave into. in the affirmative, the Queen Charlotte bore up, Major Gossett, by my side, who had been ea followed up by the fleet, for their appointed sta-ger to land his corps of miners, pressed me most tions; the flag, leading in the prescribed order, anxiously for permission to accompany Lieutenant was anchored in the entrance of the Mole, at a- Richards in this ship's barge. The frigate was

instantly boarded, and in ten minutes in a perfect ful feelings I shall ever cherish for their unboundblaze; a galiant young midshipman, in rocketed and unlimited support. Not an officer nor boat No. 8, although forbidden, was led by his ar- man confined his exertions within the precise lident spirit to follow in support of the barge, inmits of their own duty; all were eager to attempt which he was desperately wounded, his brother services which I found more difficult to restrain officer killed, and nine of his crew. The barge,than excite; and no where was this feeling more by rowing more rapidly, had suffered less, and conspicuous than in my own captain, and those officers immediately about my person. My gra titude and thanks are due to all under my com

The enemy's batteries around my division were about ten o'clock silenced, and in a state of per-mand, as well as to Vice-Admiral Capellen, and fect ruin and dilapidation; and the fire of the ships was reserved as much as possible, to save powder, and reply to a few guns now and then bearing upon us, although a fort on the upper an gle of the city, on which our guns could not be brought to bear, continued to annoy the ships by shot and shells during the whole time.

The conducting this ship to her station by the masters of the fleet and ship excited the praise of all. The former has been my companion in armsplied. They send couriers to their courts. The for more than 20 years.

Having thus detailed, although but imperfectly, || the progress of this short service, I venture to hope, that the humble and devoted services of myself and the officers and men of every description I have the honour to command, will be received by his Royal Highness the Prince Regent with his accustomed grace.

The approbation of our services by our Sovereign, and the good opinion of our country will, I venture to affirm, be received by us all with the highest satisfaction,

"The mission of Mr. Pinkney to Naples has excited considerable interest, not only in that city, but also in London, if we may believe the British journalists. But why should the claims If I attempted to name to their Lordships the|| of our citizens for the unlawful confiscation of numerous officers who, in such a conflict, have their property excite surprise? The principle of been at different periods more conspicuous than reclamation, upon which they are founded, is fully their companions, I should do injustice to many; sanctioned by the law of nations. The English and I trust there is no officer in the fleet I have newspapers tell us that "it is not very clear that the honor to command who will doubt the grate-their government ought to interfere in the case."