the hearts of all assembled in the first Congress were opened to understand, to weigh, to adopt, and die in support of that sacred instrument, when adopted; take the representation of that body, receiving the report of the Declaration of Independence. them. the first describing the new Penitentiary House of the State of Georgia, the other the magnificent new church in Providence, afforded me singular pleasure. With this pleasure, I hope that the remarks I am about to offer on the latter building may not be thought inconsistent. They arise Has this subject yet engaged the attention of from a wish, that the highest and most difficult any gentleman at home? It has; and it has inter-achievement of art, simplicity, were more the obested the heart of every man devoted to his coun-ject of the study of our artists, than that sort of try. Tis a subject, if well translated to canvas, decoration for which no excuse can be pleaded by skill and patriotic zeal, would meet the admi- but precedent, whether Grecian, Roman or Gothic. ration and thanks of each citizen in the Union The description of the latter building in the paThe very worthy and amiable colonel Trumper of this morning has particularly suggested bull, distinguished, but not encouraged as an artist in his own country, has designed and executed in On this description, which is so clear that a his best manner this most important subject; the drawing of the exterior of the church might be characters so renowned by that event, appear as made from it, I will offer such remarks as have though given back to us by the permission of a occurred to a lover of the arts, with whom the superior power, that we may yet gaze on with fi history and principles of architecture have, from lial affection, and make new asseverations before || early youth, been a favorite study. They are sub. them, of fidelity and unalterable attachment to mitted with great deference to the talents of the the government of their choice, and to preserve architect; and should he ever see them, he ought the independence they had declared and obtained not to be, and I presume will not be, offended by for their children. I have no doubt but Congress them. could call up the noble feelings in col. Trumbull, The building is stated to be built in the Gre which prompted him to a design, at once so bold cian style. The Grecian buildings of the age of Peand worthy of him, and procure a painting suited ricies, that remain, are confined to a very limited to the capitol. Let this subject as early as possi- || number, and exist chiefly at Athens. Those of ble be considered; it may be necessary, as the more ancient date in Greece, Sicily and Naples, building progresses in repairs, to make provision (Magna Græcia) are in a much more ponderous for a proper position, space and light, without and severe style, although their general character which your Declaration of Independence could not is that of the best age of Grecian art. After Greece be read, nor be of advantage to the people, and had become a part of the Roman Empire, the arts injure materially, though Innocently, the repu- of the vanquished became subservient to the luxury and pride of their masters. Tricked out in This accomplished, some means will be devis- the meretricious ornaments, which wantonness ed, I am sure, calculated to preserve to our coun- demanded, and wealth was able to purchase, the try the genius and talents found within it. Al-architecture with which the Roman Emperors, ready has the more congenial taste and patronage of European cities been tried by our countrymen. We are not too young to be improved in our fond-|| ness for the arts: nor yet so old grown, as to be penurious and miserly to a fault. No, let our na- When, therefore, a building is said to be built tion vie with the most enlightened in every par-|| in the Grecian taste, the idea suggested is, that it ticular, through your guardianship and assistance; unites the most elegant proportions with the most but suffer not the evils of luxury and a licentious-severe simplicity; that decoration is used only ness of manners, now unknown to us, to be natu- where the object of the structure is explained by ralized. No longer let it be a reflection, that our it, or where the decoration itself is a means of recountrymen can preside over the most noble in-al or apparent utility; that great good sense, as stitutions in Europe, enjoying public and private Patronage, while at home they would move unnoticed and unknown. Shall the venerable West, and Alston, with Leslie, and others, be allowed to illumine the eastern hemisphere, because they were neglected in the west, the land of their birth? Forbid it ye fathers and guardians of our nation's peace, our nation's honor, our nation's glory. tation of the artist. FINE ARTS. CORREGGIO. From the National Intelligencer. especially Adrian, decorated Athens, is as inferior well as great art, has been employed in the de- The buildings of Greece which remain, are principally temples. They are parallelogram, either surrounded by colonades, or having porticos at one or both ends. In so simple a form there is little on which to found a style of form, if I may use this expression. But the character of breadth of mass and of repose, which is their great and only general character, may be produced by an infinite variety of forms. It is, therefore, the chaThe rapid improvement of our country by ele-racter principally to be preserved, if a building is gant and solid edifices, edifices appropriated to to have a Grecian effect. The mere technical the purposes of civilization, not, like those that means by which it is produced, are perhaps redu decorate Europe so profusely-to those of war cible to a few rules.-1. That the buildings should and tyranny-is one of the most pleasing contem-consist of as few detached masses as its object plations that the present time affords. will allow. 2. That the separate masses should ARCHITECTURAL. The two articles in your paper of the 15th inst. be so proportioned and situated, as that their cannot well be rusticated; and the very expres sion, richly rusticated, implies a contradiction in terms. I can therefore, only generally remark, that rusticated architectures are not of Grecian origin, but of the most corrupt age of the arts, and are now almost generally disused. combined effect shall be that of one single whole. It is said, that the windows, with the cornices, 3. That no horizontal line shall be broken or dis- are richly rusticated. This is the description, cercontinued. 4. That no difficulty shall appear totainly not of the architect, because Doric cornices have been conquered in the construction. In fact, that the building shall consist with Lord Chesterfield's negative description of beauty—nothing extraordinary. If these means are well used, the technical beauty of repose will be produced; and the building, let the detail of its style be what it will, may be said to be built in the Grecian taste. But in the ordinary acceptation of the word, the style will depend on the details of mouldings, entablatures and decorations: and principally on those parts of the buildings which are reducible to one of the orders of architecture. With these preliminary views of the subject, I will take the liberty to proceed. It is a matter of regret, that architecture, combining in its operations the most exalted science, with the most perfect art; equally necessary to the comfort of the cottage, and to the magnificence of the palace; the most permanent record of the public spirit, the wealth, the civilization, and taste of nations, should hardly be considered as subject to the laws of reason. That the most celebrated architect of his day, is often only the most successful copyist of the absurdities of the Roman luxury of the age when taste and morals were in the decline; and that even our national buildings should remind us of the palaces of Eu ropean kings, by the taste of their external decorations, rather than of Athenian freedom, by their || beautiful, magnificent, and permanent simplicity. PHILOTECHNIS. The heighth of the church externally from the floor to the eaves, is no where mentioned. It is, therefore, difficult to form a good idea of its general mass But it is very probably of unexceptionable proportion: And the general mass may be a very good specimen of the Grecian taste, as far as it depends upon proportion. My remarks must, therefore, principally apply to the style, in which, as it appears to me, that there is not the most remote resemblance to any thing Grecian at present in existence. "The front presents four fluted Doric colums on their pedestals of stone." The columns do not appear to form a prostyle or portico, because, the tower, &c. rises" from the pediment." There is one instance of columns atThe following interesting remarks of the indetached to the wall in the temple of Minerva Pallas fatigable Dr. Mitchill, on the modern application at Athens, but it is a solitary one-but there does of hydrogen gas to the purposes of public and not exist a single instance of a Grecian Doric co-familiar illumination, and on a recent improvelumn on a pedestal, or even with a base. This ment of a plough, are copied from a letter adthen is an error which puts the whole building dressed by him to the Editors of the New-York out of the Grecian character. Gazette: USEFUL ARTS. New Discoveries. THE WOOD PLOUGH. The next feature of the building is that of the principal entablature, broken to let a window pass through it. The precedents for this practice can Ever since the forefather of the human race only be found in the most corrupt ages of archi- was doomed to till the ground, it has been an obtecture. In Greece no such case could occur.ject of great moment to lesson his portion of toil, Among the things to be avoided, it is enumerated even in Chambers work, a work of very moderate value. But independently of the want of good precedent, this interruption of the principal line of the building in the place where it ought to be most scrupulously preserved, is contrary to sound reasoning; for it destroys all appearance of a sufficient resistance to the lateral pressure of the pediment, to which the horizontal entablature serves as the tie or bond, as a beam does to a pair of rafters. Besides, if the entablature has the proper Doric projection, the cornice from each side must enter deeply into the window, or return upon a blank wall left to receive it. and increase the amount of his crop. Slow and tedious, as in many other examples, has been the march of improvement. Age after age has been engaged in contriving better methods than those before known, to turn up the fertile glebe, by furrowing the earth. It is one of the memorable events of the present day, and it gives me peculi. ar pleasure to record it, that the genius of Jethro Wood, a plain and practical farmer, of Cayuga, has produced this implement of husbandry in a more finished form than, as far as I can learn, has been accomplished by any other person. A short time ago, this interesting man, with General John Swartwout, Judge Touseley, and The enormous window, which has no doubt a some other friends of the plough, favored me with magnificent effect, is contrary to every idea in ex- their company at a special conversation. I reistence in the age of Grecian architecture, as wellquested the modest and unassuming inventor to as the niches, pannels and wide intercolumnations. The tower and steeple, of Oriental origin, is certainly a great ornament to the town, and appears to have great merit in its proportions. consider me as his pupil. After I had received a good portion of instruction, we proceeded to a place where his plough was deposited, and to another where two ploughs just imported from Of the interior of the building, the description Yorkshire, in England, were in store. We exa is less intelligible. If the Corinthian columus are mined them both; we compared, we contrasted 27 feet high, they must be 2 feet 8 inches in dia- them. I have seldom beheld an example of exmeter, and their entablature should be at least 5 cellent materials and ingenious labor, so unhappifeet 4 inches high, in all 32 feet 4 inches; and yet ly applied, so wrongly directed, as in this Engthe dome is stated to be only 34 feet from the lish plough. I really never was more completely floor, so that some error must exist in the dimen-satisfied of the preference due to a domestic insions as they are published. vention, than in this case. The Fredish plough THE NATIONAL REGISTER. [No. 15. had various points of superiority. The following | drogen gas in a close apparatus, of collecting it were some of them: 1. A greater aptitude to penetrate the soil, and form a furrow. 2. A singular and admirable fitness in the mouldboard, by means of the spiral form of its inclined plane, to raise the sward from its horizontal bed, to the perpendicular, and to turn it upside down. 3. The substitution of a cast iron plate, of the cost of half a dollar, to be screwed to the low and fore-edge of the mould-board, instead of the heavy, expensive and old fashioned share. 4. The use of cast iron for the mould-board it-mitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, through self, and the several land irons. 5. The construction of the entire plough, with the exception of the beam and handles, of cast and wrought iron, whereby every part is properly braced and secured. 6. The moderate price of this plough; its strength and durability; and the small expense of time, labor, and stuff requisite for repairs. 7. The saving of a considerable portion of the labor of the beasts who draw, and of the man who guides the plough. 1. The handsome and workmanlike appearance of a field prepared for planting or sowing, by this instrument. There are no doubt other advantages, which do not occur to me at this moment. More consummate judges than I, may point them out. in conduits and tubes, and of producing light by into a capacious reservoir, of conducting it forth orifice through which the inflammable gas made burning it, or igniting the vapor, at the hole or its escape into the atmosphere-They called it the thermo lamp. About the year 1802, Mr. Hen frey made experiments upon the thermo lamp, at the city of Washington. Being then there as one of the Representatives in Congress from the city of New-York, I witnessed Mr. Henfrey's method of lighting a chamber by the gas. He then subsupplying the numerous light houses along our the Commissioner of the Revenue, a project for was my lot to be called upon at that time for an coast, with the material of the thermo lamp. It latin a recommendatory report, which was print opinion upon the subject. I prepared for Mr. Galed among the documents of the day, and now par takes or their oblivious slumber. The proposal lous undertaker then went to Richmond in Virgi was finally declined by the Treasury. The zeacity with his thermo lamp, and failed. Le Bon nia; made a premature effort to illuminate that stopped in Paris; Windsor also failed in London. The thermo lamp was extinguished, and remained so until it was rekindled, about twelve or thirteen years after by Mr. Accum and his associates, and announced to the world as gas-light. Afterwards a trial of the power of Mr. Wood's plough was made on General Johnson's farm, at hydrogene from the carbone, and of applying each The discovery of the method of separating the Brooklyn. We all admired its fitness for its great ingredient to its appropriate purpose, is impor object. In a country where agriculture is the tant. Man is defined by naturalists to be a diurnal principal employment of the people, every facility animal; that is, one who requires the aid of artifi to exertion, every project of economy, every sav- || cial light during the absence of the sun. His coning of labor, is important. The plough is the stitution and comfort require that he should posmain spring of rural culture. It is of the utmost importance that it be kept vigorous and active. pense. sess such light, though procured at great esThe tillage of the ground, the occupation first given to man by his Creator, as it secures to him meat, fire and clothes, by a series of steady and innocent operations, renders hira at the same time most virtuous, independent and happy. I consi. der the plough as the helm of State; and that helm, directed as it ought to be, and as I hope it ever will be, by the lords of the soil, will conduct us to safety, to plenty, and to honor. Let us then reverence the ploughi, and treat as the true benefactors to mankind, those who improve its construction or its use. WINDSOR'S GAS-LIGHT. It was said by an eminent philosopher long ago, that blaze was an ignited vapor. It was, however, reserved for the modern chemists to determine that that vapor was a gas or air of an inflammable property; that it was capable of being set on fire like other combustible bodies; and that the presence and co-operation of oxygenous or pure air, was necessary to ignite the vapor. pose, ranks among the important improvements of The extrication of inflammable air for the pur wards the common council of the city of New our time. I feel the disposition to express toYork, my respect and approbation for their libe ral patronage of a new experiment for furnishing light to the city. I have witnessed, from time t time, the peculiar combination of science and t of principle with practice; in short, of the icat to contrive with the hand to execute, which us tinguish Mr Hare. And when 1 listened to the learned and instructive lecture of Dr. Samuel Aker gen gas, delivered to a numerous assembly of ly, on the history, properties and uses of hydro both sexes, surrounded by brilliant gas lights, I thought I beheld the commencement of a work which would afford us light than we ever had before, and at a chemp more light, and better the present period, are crowding upon us in rapid er rate. This is another of the benefits which, succession. had nothing to do but write. The existence of flame or blaze, wheresoever it may be, is accompanied with the extrication of beat and light. In the greater part of natural bodies, there are two materials capable of supporting fire, the volatile part forming flame and called hydrogen, and the fixed part, forming the red brand, and denominated carbone. Constant as is this association, it is a curious fact, the means of separating and applying them to distinct purposes is quite a modern discovery. I believe medical gentlemen mentioned in the following det From the Albany Gazette, Nov. 25. Mons Le Bon, of Paris, and Mr. Windsor, of Lon-ter, may favor the medical public with the cascia Though it is probable, that one or other of the don, first began the work of extricating the by- a more professional form, yet this, from the p2 MEDICAL. tient himself, is drawn up with so much apparent Letter from Samuel Chipman, Esq. of Ontario, to Richmond, (Ontario Co.) Oct. 23, 1816. DEAR SIR,-I am not sure that you will recognize me by my name, but you will doubtless recollect that I called upon you in July last, and that you made an application of galvanism to my face, and afterwards extracted a tooth for me at Mr. Skinner's. upright. I could neither speak nor, groan; and those who attended upon me, told me that they supposed I was asleep. Than what I then endured, I can conceive of nothing, except the inquisitorial rack, more completely horrid. Not be ing able to use the muscles on the left side of my face, when I spoke, they became contracted, and that side of my face much smaller than the other. I applied to a number of respectable physicians— was bled very freely, and was directed to make external application of stimulants. I applied the essence of mustard, ether, and hot vinegar, saturated with salt and filled with red pepper. As these, especially the ether, sometimes afforded a temporary relief, I continued their application several weeks; though without any hopes of efI remember you mentioned to Mr. M'Donald, fecting a cure. As my health and strength were that mine was probably a case of the Tic Dolareux. failing fast, the disease constantly gained ground, Your conjecture I have found but too true. Hav. and the means made use of failing to produce any ing learned from medical men, that this is a dis-relief, and the physicians unable to give a name to ease, which very seldom occurs-so seldom in- it, which they were now convinced was not caus. deed, that they are generally ignorant, both of theed by the teeth, or a fracture of the jaw, I at last causes which produced it, and its characteristic sent for Drs. Jacobs and Dungan, who, on examifeatures, and also of any means of cure-and be- nation, decided that it was a case of the Tic Do lieving that a history of my case may be interest-loreaux. One of the gentlemen had a recent peing, if not useful to you, I take the liberty of mak-riodical medical publication (the title I do not reing this communication. collect*) which contained a communication on The pain in my face commenced the 23d of June the subject by Dr. Jackson, of Boston, giving a Last, and supposing it to proceed from a tooth in detailed account of a case which he had cured by the left side of my lower jaw, I had it extracted very free use of the Cicuta. After considerable the day following; but without affording me any consultation, they determined on making a trial relief. The jaw was considerably fractured, to of it in my case, instead of separating the nerve, which cause I attributed the continuance of the which heretofore, had been the only method of pain. The pain, which at first was not very se- effecting a cure, though seldom successful. They vere, soon increased to such a degree, as to de- immediately prepared the extract from the Cicu. prive me of sleep, when in a recumbent posture. ta, by expressing the juice from the green leaves, It continued gradually to increase for four or five and evaporating it in the sun. Although Dr. Jackweeks, in which time I made my journey to New- son states, that given in small quantities, it had no York, and was on my return when I called on you || effect-that he gave to a young lady of delicate at Albany. Either the application of galvanism, constitution, three hundred grains in six hours, which you made to my face, or the extracting of still the physicians were too cautious in their the tooth from my upper jaw, which bled very practice, at first, to afford me more than tempofreely-so much so as to produce a considerable de-rary relief-As the pain was, generally, most segree of faintness-gave me a respite from pain for vere and constant in the nights, they commenced near a fortnight, when it again returned. The nerve giving it to me just at evening; and in the course affected, to which the pain was almost wholly con- of the night, they gave me 26 grains. This profined, was, as my physician informed me, the fifth duced but little effect; though it relieved the branch of the seventh pair of nerves. The parox- pain, while the operation of it continued. The isms of pain never continued, except in one or next night I took 175 grains, which so far intoxicated two instances, more than from fifteen minutes to me that I could with difficulty walk without assisttwo hours; and would return without any appa-ance. The night following, I took 180 grains with rent exciting cause; and no external application, however powerful, would at all times afford any relief. The pain always commenced in one of the places from which the teeth had been extracted, but would almost invariably remove immediate- || ly and fix itself in some part of the nerve, and remain there until the paroxism had ceased, for that time. At one time, it would fix in || my temple-at another, in my ear-at another, just under, or below it, when, at every pulsation, the pain was like that produced by striking into it the point of a sharp knife. It at last, however, affected the muscle of my throat. The soreness of the part affected was always in proportion to the pain. When there was no pain, there was no soreness whatever. The pain was, for a long time, so severe, that when walking the floor, I was obliged to take off my shoes, and walk as lightly as possible. It at length became so severe, that instead of resting my head against the wall, or upon the table, I was compelled to sit perfectly about the same effect. The night following, having took 120 grains.-This fixed me to my chair, and rendered me almost entirely motionless-unable even to raise my hand to my head. It was only with considerable exertion that I could open my eyes and could but indistinctly distinguish objects across the room. Its effect on my sight was to multiply every object at which I looked. The difficulty which I experienced in opening my eyes was not occasioned by drowsiness. I had my reason perfectly, and could converse. In another instance, it might perhaps affect the organs of speech, as well as other parts of the system. In about two hours, I could bear my weight, and with the assistance of a person to enable me to keep my balance, I could walk, but with great difficulty. This was about five weeks ago, and the debility, which for near a fortnight was so great as to produce the "fever and ague march" to perfection, still continues, though very slight. My health is now good, and I am able to attend to business. I have no doubt a permanent cure is effected. The credentials of the Senators from Indiana being read, one of whom was present, some conversation took place respecting them, which resulted in the appointment of a committee to take the subject into consideration, the copies of the constitution of that state not having been received by either house, though said to have been transmitted, as required by law, to the President and to the Speaker of the houses respectively; Mr. Taylor, therefore, was not qualified, though admitted to a seat. After the usual orders on organizing the Senate, Mr. VARYUM proposed the following resolu tion; Resolved, That it is expedient to repeal a law passed at the last session of Congress, entitled An act to change the mode of compensation to the members of the Senate and House of Repre sentatives, and the delegates from territories;" and that a committee be appointed to prepare and report a bill for that purpose. The resolution lies on the table one day, of course. Information was then sent to the other House that they were formed, &c. and a committee appointed to wait on the President; and the Senate adjourned. The sensation produced by the Cicuta is very singular-the intoxication is entirely different from that produced either by spirituous liquor or opium. There is neither that of depression, nor exhiliration of spirits, caused by them; neither does it produce thirst. It affects the limbs but not Tuesday, Dec. 3. The message from the Prethe head. Indeed there is no unpleasant feeling, sident having been read, two thousand copies while under the operation of it, if you sit perfect-were ordered to be printed for the use of the Sely still; but if you attempt to move there is a dis- nate. agreeable prickling sensation, just like that which you feel in your limbs when the circulation of the blood commences after having been obstructed by their laying too long in a particular position. Wednesday, Dec. 4.-The motion offered by Mr. Varnum to repeal the compensation law, has been postponed until Monday next, on his own motion. Mr. Morrow, from the committee appointed I am aware that, had I been able to express to enquire whether any, and if any, what, legislamyself in medical language, I might have written tive measures may be necessary for admitting the much more intelligibly; but trust you will be able state of Indiana into the Union, or for extending to understand my meaning. I have been thus par- the laws of the United States to that state, made ticular in giving a history of my case, not knowing || a report, concluding with a recommendation of whether you have been conversant with the dis- the following resolution: ease: and if so, whether you have any knowledge of the value of Cicuta in effecting a cure. Indeed the disease so seldom occurs, that although you may have been acquainted with it, and made use of the Cicuta, in effecting a cure, still the addi- || tional evidence of its efficacy, which this case may afford, will, I hope, in some measure compensate you for the trouble of reading this long epistle. Dr. Jacobs or Dungan will probably make a report of this case, which will doubtless be more intelligible and interesting, especially to the faculty. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL CHIPMAN. "Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the state of Indiana, having formed to themselves a constitution and state government, conformable to the constitution and laws of the United States, and to the principles of the articles of compact between the original states and the people, and states to be formed in the territory north-west of the river Ohio, passed on the 13th day of July, 1787, the said state shall be, and is hereby declared to be one of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatever." The resolution received its first reading. Mr. Varnum submitted the following resolution for consideration : Resolved, That a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of requiring the directors of the bank of the United States to establish a competent office of discount and deposit within the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia; and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise." Thursday, Dec. 5.-The resolution for admitting the state of Indiana into the Union was recommitted to the select committee further to consider and report thereon. Mr. Barbour submitted a resolution to amend the rules of the Senate, so as to appoint, at each session, standing committees similar to those now |