one of my nearest neighbors, is the subject of this communication, upon which I shall be happy to see your animadversions. For five years she has excited the phenomenon of a person vested with a twofold consciousness, or, more definitely, with two distinct consciousnesses. I became acquainted with Miss Reynolds, soon after my removal to this place, in May, 1815, when she was in the exercise of her original consciousness, the last evening of which she spent at my house. The following evening, I was at her brother's where there was considerable company, of which she was one. To my surprise, when 1 spoke to her, she had no knowledge of me. 1 was, therefore, introduced to her anew. My cu riosity was excited, and it was gratified by a history of her singlar case, of which you will please to accept the subsequent concise narrative. After arriving at adult age, she was occasionally afflicted with fits; but of what particular technical name, I have not been able satisfactorily to as- || certain. In the spring of 1811, she had a very severe visitation of this kind. Her frame was greatly convulsed and she was extremely ill for several days, when her sight and hearing left her, insomuch that she became totally blind and deaf During twelve weeks, from the time of the fit mentioned, she continued in a very feeble state; but, at the end of five weeks, the use of her visuai || and auditory faculties were perfectly restored. A more remarkable dispensation of Providence, however, awaited her. quently changing from her first to her second, and from her second to her first state. More than three quarters of her time, she has been in her second sate. There is no periodical regularity as to the transition. Sometimes she continues several months, and sometimes, a few weeks, a few days, or only a few hours in her second state; but, in the lapse of five years, she has been, in no one instance, more than twenty days in her first state. Whatever knowledge she has acquired, at any time, in her second state, is familiar to her whenever in that state; and now, she has made such proficiency, she is as well acquainted with things, and is, in general, as intelligent in her second as in her first state. She has gone through the usual process of learning to read, and takes as much satisfaction in the use of books, in her second, as in her first state. It is about three years since an attempt was first made to re-teach her chirogra phy. Her brother gave her her name, winch he had written, to copy. She readily took a pen, agreeably to his request, and, it is a fact, that she actually began to write it, though in a very awkward manner, from the right hand to the left, in the Hebrew mode. It was not long before she obtained a tolerable skill in penmanship, and, in her second state, often amuses herself in writing poetry; yet, in her first state, this is an exercise, which she seldom if ever attempts. It may be remarked that she acquires all kinds of knowledge in her second state, with much greater facility, than would a person never before instructed. In her second state, she has now been introduc when in that state, and no one appears to enjoy the society of friends better, than this young lady; but, if ever so well known to her, in her first state, she has no knowledge of them in her second, till an acquaintance, de novo, is formed; and, in like manner, all acquaintances formed in her second state, must be formed in her first also, in order to be known in that. A little before the expiration of the twelve weeks, one morning, when she awoke, she ap-ed to many persons, whom she always recognises, peared to have lost all recollection of every thing, in a manner, she ever knew. Her understanding, with an imperfect knowledge of speech, remained; but her father, mother, brothers, sisters, and neighbors, were altogether strangers to her. She had forgotten the use of written language, and|| did not know a single letter of the alphabet, nor how to discharge the duties of any domestic employment more than a new born babe. She, how. ever, presently began to regain various kinds of knowledge. She continued five weeks in this way,|| when, suddenly she passed from this second state, as, for distinction, it may be called, into her first. All consciousness of the five weeks, just elapsed, was totally gone, and her original consciousness was fully restored. This astonishing transition, scores of times repeated, always takes place in her sleep. In passing from her second to her first state, nothing is particularly noticeable in her sleep; but in passing from her first to her second state, her sleep is so profound that no one can awake her, and it not unfrequently continues eighteen or twenty hours. She has generally some presentiment of the change and frequently for several days before the event. Her sufferings, formerly, in the near prospect of the transition, from either the one or the other state, were extreme. When in one state, she had no consciousness of ever having been in the other; but, of the wonderful fact she was persuaded on the representation of her friends. Hence, when about to undergo the transition, fearing she For three weeks, to the comfort of herself and should never revert so as to know, again in this of the family, she continued in her first state; but, world, those who were dear to her, her feelings in her sleep, the transition was renewed, and she in this respect, were not unlike the feelings of awoke in her second state.-As before, so now, all one entering the valley of the shadow of death knowledge, acquired in her first state, was forgot-but, she has now so often passed from one state to ten, and of the circumstances of her three weeks' lucid interval she had no conception; but of the small fund of knowledge, she had gained in the former second state, she was able to avail herself, and she continued from day to day, to add to this little treasure. Now the cloud, which had overspread her mental hemisphere, was dissipated. Her kindred and friends were at once recognized. Every kind of knowledge, which she had ever acquired, was as much at her command, as at any former period of her life; but of the time, and of all events which had transpired during her second state, she || had not the most distant idea. From the spring of 1811, the subject of this address has been in this wonderful condition, fre the other that she does not anticipate the change with that horror, or distressing apprehension, with which, for a considerable time, she used to do. This young lady is naturally of a cheerful disposition but thoughtful. In her second state, her imagination glows; her wit is keen; her remarks are often shrewd and satirical; and her prejudi ་ ces, conceived without cause, against her best (Greenland, which several centuries ago was the friends, are sometimes very strong. I remain, dear sir, Your respectful humble servant, TIMOTHY ALDEN. From the Petersburg Intelligencer. ON THE COLD OF THE PRESENT SEASON. residence of many hundred Russian families, is no longer accessible, and it is more than probable that this country which was once the abode of the human species now lies buried in snow and serves as the basis of immense mountains of ice. 2d. The history of the antiquities of Iceland, proves that the population of this ilsand, must have been at one period at least four times its prc. sent population. Few Phenomena have occurred, more difficult to be explained, than the long period of cold wea3d. The Amanitates Academica, a work upon ther, which the habitable world has experienced the natural history of Sweden; printed by a sociein the present year. Several writers in the pub-ty of which Linnæus was at the head, demonstrates lic papers suppose that this season is out of the ordinary course of things; because say they, the climate of Europe, and consequently the American climate, has grown warmer than it formerly was, on account of the woods being cleared away; the morasses dried up; and the sun acting with more power. in the most satisfactory manner, that the climate of Sweden in ancient times, was much milder than at present. In a memoir published by the acade my of arts at Stockholm, on Swedish fossils, it is asserted that in the neighborhood of Upsal, the skeletons of several animals of the torrid zone have been discovered. So far as the climate is affected by the heat of 4th In the Royal Museum at Copenhagen, there the sun; these writers may be correct. But it is are innumerable evidences preserved, of the great well known, that the sun is only one of three antiquity and population in former times of the causes which act upon the temperature of the At-northern countries of Europe. mosphere. The other two upon which the heat of climates depends are, 1st. The internal heat of the Earth. 2d. The circuation of the electrical fluid, through the atmosphere, and over the surface of the earth. With respect to Italy, the climate of which is said by some writers, to be warmer now than formerly; there are several arguments which may be advanced to the contrary. The falling of snow is a phenomenon, which has taken place even at Rome many times in the last century. The Lake With respect to the 1st. we know of no greater of Como at the southern extremity of which Pliny agent in affecting the general temperature of the had his residence, appears never to have been air than the internal heat of the earth itself Were frozen in the lifetime of that writer. Scarcely a the sun annihilated, this heat would still remain. year now passes without part of the Lake freezing. That this heat is derived from a very different Pliniana, the very spot where Pliny used to retire source than the sun, is a fact, which innumera- in the months of summer and autumn; at present ble experiments made in various parts of the the seat of a Milenese nobleman, is situated at the world have long established. It has been posi- foot of immense rocks and mountains, which for tively ascertained, as can be proved by the Jour-three months in the year are covered with snow. nal de Physique of Delametherie and other authors on the natural history of the earth, that a certain depth below the surface, the heat, at the same place is nearly stationary during the course of the year; but in a series of years this heat has been found to decrease. 2d. The internal heat of the earth, in the same latitude, is found to be greater in the eastern hemisphere than in the western. 3d. The internal heat of all latitudes higher than 20° of north latitude, is more than the internal heat of all corresponding latitudes south of 20° south latitude. 4th. It is calculated, that upon an average over the Globe, this internal heat has diminished five degrees of Farenheit in the last thousand years. 5th. At a greater depth than those strata of the earth of which the temperature is uniform during the year, the internal heat not only increases, but is found to be much more variable; so that this point below the surface of the earth, where the heat is stationary for the period of a twelvemonth, may be regarded as the point where the power of the sun ceases to operate. According to this theory of a gradual diminution of the internal heat of the globe, a theory which seems to be founded upon experiment, it follows that there was a period, when the polar zones were equally habitable as the temperate zones of the present day. There are a number of historical facts which appear to confirm the same theory. ist. East Greenland, or as it is now termed, lost The inhabitants of all the Alpine regions in Switzerland, Savoy, the Grsions, the north of Italy and Spain agree that for the animal increase of the Glaciers the fields capable of cultivation are diminished, that the winters are lengthened, and the summers shortened. But the long period of cold weather, which we have experienced during the present summer, appears to us, to have been caused more by the absence of the usual circulation of the electrical fluid, than either a deficiency in the heat of the sun, or of that which we receive from the internal heat of the earth. In a paper of great merit published by Doctor Stukely, upon earthquakes, in the philosophical transactions of London, between the years 1760 and 1770, for we have not the volume by us; it is shown that whenever the electrical fluid circulates, heat is produced. That whenever there is an equilibrium of the fluid for any length of time between the surface of the earth, and the atmosphere, the temperature of the air is much lower than in its usual state. That the circulation of the electri cal fluid, is uniformly productive of thunder and lightning; and that the absence of these natural phenomena, is a certain indication of an equal distribution of electricity over the surface of the earth and in the atmosphere; as also of cold wea ther. Earthquakes according to the Doctor's the ory, take place after the electrical fluid is very unequally diffused, and when by some cause the equilibrium is restored: so that an earthquake may be compared to an electrical shock of great mag. nitude. Earthquakes which have extended their mond., There is another great cause from which influence over an immense part of the globe, he we ought to have inferred, that the temperature says, have been always preceded by a long tract of of the atmosphere is greater in Richmond than in warin weather and followed by a period of cold Lexington; viz. the difference of the situation of weather. Thus in the season of the great earth-the two places above the surface of the sea. The quake in London, all vegetables were uncommon-city of Richmond is built adjacent to tide water; ly forward; but the succeeding season was later whereas according to a calculation made by Mr. and colder, than any which had been known for Voiney the town of Lexington is elevated at least twelve hundred feet above the sea. many years. The same hypothesis was advanced by signior Beccarie, but independently and without knowing any thing of Dr. Stukely's theory. Dr. Priestly likewise seems to incline to the same opinion. With respect to the cold of the present year, and how far this theory of Doctor Stukely can reasonably be employed to account for it, it is to be recollected that three preceding years have been remarkable for earthquakes in various partof the globe, more universal and terrible in their effects, than any which have been recorded for several centuries. More have taken place for the last nine months; and there has been also an entire absence, with the exception of a few trifling thunder showers, of the usual Phenomena of thun der and lightning so frequent during the months of summer and autumn.- -Although we have had several severe hail storms, yet we have not had any thunder storm meriting that appellation; vegetation also is extremely backward. In short, all these Phenomena which result from the circulation of the electrical fluid, appear to be dormant. The beautiful appearance which those small meteors called shooting stars display in a serene sky The following correspondence was sent to the Editor of the Political Examiner, by Mr. Galloway, for publication, on the 28th ult.-It needs no explanation to be understood. MONTICELLO, Feb. 2, 1812. Ar. Benjamin Galloway, Hagerstown. SIR,-I duly received your favor of the 1st ult. together with the volume accompanying it, for which I pray you to accept my thanks, and be so kind as to convey them to Mr. De Buits also, to whose obliging care I am indebted for its transmission; but especially my thanks are due to the author himself for the honorable mention he has made of me.-With the exception of two or three characters of greatest eminence in the revolution, he formed a group of fellow laborers in the common zeal, and claiming no distinction of one over another. The spirit of freedom breathed through the whole of Mr. Northmore's composition, is really worthy of the purest times of Greece and Rome. It marks a high independent mind in tiality of country, to have seen in the adversary the author, one capable of rising above the parcause, that of freedom and justice, and to have esti mated fairly the motives and actions of those engag ed in its support-I hope and firmly believe, that the whole world, will sooner or later, feel benefit from the issue of our assertion of the rights of man. Although the horrors of the French revolu tion, have damped for a while the ardor of the patriot in every country-yet it is not extinguished; it will never die; the sense of right has been excited in every breast, and the spark will be rekindled by the very oppressions of that very deDelametherie in his theory of the earth, (vol. testible tyranny employed to quench it. The errors of the honest patriots of France and the 3. page 391) demonstrates in the most rigid manner, that the effects of the sun upon the earth, crimes of her Dantons and Robespieres will be only differ in different places, according to the forgotten, in the more encouraging contemplation of our sober example and steady m rch to latitude; and that all places under the same paour object-hope will strengthen the presumprallel of latitude must be equally heated. The heat of the sun however varies in the course of the tion, that what has been done once may be done year under the same latitude from the following again. As you have been the channel of my recauses. 1st. The sun's altitude above the horizonceiving this mark of attention from Mr. North2d. The intensity of rays, which varies with his altitude, on account of the extent of atmosphere through which they have to pass. 3d. His distance from the earth. 4th. The period of time which the sun remains above the horizon. we do not recollect to have witnessed this season. All nature seems to declare that electricity, the great agent of heat, when in a state of motion, is equally diffused at present through her system; and that no part either possesses a superfluity, or labours from a deficiency of that extraordinary & mysterious fluid. The earthquakes of the last years have produced this remarkable equilibrium; and we may calculate that several summers will yet pass away, before this equilibrium is destroyed, and the usual quantum of heat necessary for vegetation will again be generated. more, I must pray you to be that of conveying to THOMAS JEFFERSON. The striking variation of temperature in differ. ent places under the same parallel of latitude on this continent, is a sufficient proof that there are other causes for heat than the sun. Lexington in Kentucky is nearly in the same parallel with the city of Richmond. Virginia is not only an old country and well cleared of woods when compared to Kentucky, but lies upon the ocean, all of which causes ought to operate in making Richmond warmer than Lexington; whereas the reverse is Sir-Enclosed you will receive a letter written known to be the case, and that the mean height of to me by Mr. Jefferson, late president of the the thermometer taken throughout the year, is United States of America, which I have taken the several degrees more at Lexington than at Rich-lliberty of transmitting to you, in proof that your Hagerstown, Washington county, Md. June 17, 1812. PHILIP NORTHMORE, Esq. England, COM. TRUXTON. A concise History of Com. Truxton, from the dawn of the revolution of our country, as respects his public services, up to the present time. In the year 1775, he was among the first who brought powder into this country, at every peril, as well as arms and other articles deemed of the first necessity, including clothing for the army, and continued so to do throughout the war, making repeated voyages to France, the neutral and friendly islands in the West Indies, as commander of ships in which he was always the principal owner. justly admired poetical production entitled, cause there are bigots, religious as well as poli"Washington, or Liberty Revived," has reachedtical, always ready to make every word from me, his hands. Mr. Jefferson is now in the enjoyment a text for perversions and ribaldry; and I am now of otium cum dignitate—the grand object which at that time of life, which asks repose and transo many mortals have been in close pursuit of,quility; but as the principles of the letter in quesbut which so few, comparatively considered, tion are those I have always avowed and wished have ever attained. The public mind with us is that every one should understand; to be sincere, agitated in an unusual degree, on the subject || and especially as you think it will remove imputaof our foreign relations-peace with all nations,tions to which the transaction it relates to has gi entangling alliances with none, seems to be the ven rise, I consent with cheerfulness and approgeneral wish and resolve of the American people.bation to its publication. Our family joins me in Be assured sir, and make it known to the higher assurances of great esteem and respect. powers in your country; that no attachment to; THOMAS JEFFERSON. no predilection for; nor estrangement from, any foreign nation, exists in the minds of the principal members of the present administration of the U. States, or the people-I do not wish to be understood as meaning to assert, that we have not among us both Anglo and Gallo Americans; but they are, in truth, so very, very few in number, and so contemptible in all other respects, that no serious apprehension exists, that we shall be a divided people, in case of a war with either of the great European belligerents. Having in early life, in the years 1764 and 1773, visited your charming island; first to receive my classical education, and afterwards to finish my professional one at the temple-1 must confess, sir, that it excites my astonishment, when I meditate on the effects that would unquestionably flow from the establishment of a good understanding and friendly intercourse between G. Britain and the U. States of America, and e contrario, the almost innumerable evils that will result to both of them, should they be plunged into a state of hostility with each other; and cui bono pray? Must Napoleon conquer the world? God forbid.-The wickedness and the weakness of Europe have hitherto co-operated as his principal supports, in his unexampled rapid march towards universul empire. The interposition of Divine Providence, in behalf of these United States, was more than once mani-capture by the British, by going to their relief fested during the revolutionary war: their cause when attacked, without any motive or interest, was indeed a most righteous one; I write, sir, but a public zeal, hazarding engagements with with freedom, but I mean no offence, and the his own ship and property of immense value, and grand master was pleased to crown it with success; for which he received public thanks and applause it was indeed a triumph; but a triumph obtained in this city, from the owners of vessels so saved. by a most dutiful and affectionate child, over an And as Gen. Washington declared at a public ill-advised parent; and will that parent in her old dinner at the city tavern, on the 17th March, age, now, surrounded and hard pressed by foes || 1782, "that he had been a regiment to the United innumerable, compel that child, which has arrived States during the revolution, in his own person,” to a state of vigorous adolescence, se defendendo, which services he always remembered and often to engage in hostilities with her, which may prove expressed, and on the first opportunity that prehighly injurious and perhaps finally ruinous to sented, noticed him, by appointing him one of both. the first six captains in the navy, at its very comThat a speedy adjustment of the existing dif-mencement, and as soon as the act of congress ferences between our countries may be effected, || and that peace and good fellowship may be sincerely cultivated and maintained between them till time shall be no more, is the ardent wish and constant prayer of one, sir, who begs leave to subscribe himself, Yours, &c. BENJ. GALLOWAY. MONTICELLO, Aug. 16, 1816. Thomas Jefferson, to Mr. Benjamin Galloway, Hagerstown, Maryland. He captured many valuable British ships, and annoyed their commerce, sending into the ports of France and the United States his prizes made in the British and Irish channel, as well as on the Atlantic, West Indies, and on our own coast. He had many hard and victorious battles with the British of superior force, never fired a shot, but was a conqueror, and has never struck the flag of the United States, in any action with an enemy. It is well known to merchants yet alive in this city, that he rescued and saved their ships from was passed for its creation, in 1794. At the commencement of the war with France, when our ships were embargoed at Havanna, he was sent out in the frigate Constellation, with or||ders from the then President of the United States, to demand of the governor general that the embargo should be raised, agreeable to our treaty with Spain; this he did in so prompt a manner, that the governor immediately raised the embargo, and he brought home all the vessels which had been long detained there, to the amount of upwards of one hundred sail; and among them was Capt. Preble, in a vessel belonging to Boston, who afterwards came into the navy, and was in the squadron with Com. Truxton, DEAR SIR,-Your favor of July 30th, came to Before and after the above expedition, he From the Democratic Press. SKETCHES OF THE BARBARY STATES. No. I. scoured the coast of America to the river St. Mary's, where there had been various privateers cruizing against our commerce; and was afterwards appointed to a squadron in the West-Indies, where, from his incessant application to the The States in Barbary have lately become peduties assigned him, he cleared those seas of the culiarly interesting to this country. The war buccaneers which depredated on our trade, as with Tripoli, commenced and prosecuted at a pewell as by the capture, on the 1st of February,riod when our naval resources were not clearly 1799, of the French national frigate L'Insurgent, defined or perfectly regulated, and when the skill of 40 guns and 427 men; which frigate had cap- and gallantry of our officers and seamen gave early tured and carried into Guadaloupe many of our promise of that distinguished merit which at mamerchant vessels, as well as the United States turity gave a high rank to their country, even schooner Retaliation, commanded by lieutenant then far exceeded the expectations which were Bainbridge, now commodore Bainbridge, of the || indulged for a successful issue, and laid at that Independence 74; and again, on the 9th of Fe-time the foundation for the establishment of a mabruary, 1800, from his vigilance, he fell in with ritime force, which has since been more remarkathe only other French frigate in these seas,ble for its deeds than for its size or power, more (though there were sixteen British ships on the honorable for the bright examples it has set and watch for her,) La Vengeance, a heavy 54 gun characters it has produced, than any naval power ship, carrying upwards of 500 men; and after || of equal extent in the world. The war with Trithe most severe action of five hours, within half || poli, which might truly be called the era of our pistol shot, acknowledged ever to be fought in the naval independence, was succeeded by a contest West-Indies, she struck her colours; but from the of a more serious nature; this was followed by our shattered condition of the Constellation, the loss late hostilities with the Algerines, whose quickof her main mast, and the darkness of the night, sighted policy arrested the progress of our meathe La Vengeance made her escape, with 184 sures and checked the operation of our arms by men killed and wounded, and several days after a perfect submission. Aware, however, of their got into Curracoa, with 8 feet water in her character, and having studied their views, expehold. At this time the navy of the United States rienced in our calculations on their faith and mowas in its infancy: its organization and discipline rality, we do not trust to Treaties alone, but have was arduous; but with great labour and atten- continued our naval force in those seas, and have tion he effected it, and laid the foundation of all ordered our ships to hover over their coasts, to those brilliant exploits that have since occurred appeal constantly to their fears, and be ever preto the honour of the American name. Nor was pared if necessary, to make a durable impression the nation silent, amidst the contending political on those fears. The Barbary Powers are likely parties, in his praise at this time: and besides therefore to acquire new interest from past, as receiving the thanks of the executive government well as present operations, and a short view of of the United States repeatedly, congress passed their characters and customs, as well as a brief a resolution on the 29th March, 1800, directing history of their governments, will, we trust, be a golden medal to be made, emblematical of not wholly unacceptable. his action with the La Vengeance, and pre- The Barbary Powers, under the head of which sented to him by the president of the United we enumerate Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and TriStates; which, as soon as completed, was accord-poli, are all independent of each other, and are ingly presented to him by Mr. Jefferson, in January, 1802. These public services drew off his attention from his private affairs, (though with a large family) and to the emoluments he would have derived from a prosecution of the East-India and China trade, which he was among the first promoters of. During the revolutionary war too, he was in several actions against the enemy on shore; he was with a part of the crew in the fort of NewYork before the enemy got possession, and when the first British ships of war passed up the North river, and distinguished himself, which was acknowledged by Gen. Knox; and was with Gen. Maxwell's brigade when the British retreated from this city through New Jersey; never losing an opportunity in the glorious cause which gave us independence, whenever and wherever he could be useful. severally governed by Moors and Turks. Those of Morocco, Tunis and Tripoli, are hereditary, and that of Algiers, which also includes the tributary province of Constantine, is elective. Morocco is governed by an Emperor, and is the most extensive, rich and powerful of all the States Algiers elects its Dey from the Turkish soldiery, the meanest of which is eligible for the office. Tunis is governed by Beys who are hereditary, and who are partly of Moorish and partly of Turkish origin; and Tripoli, the weakest of the three powers, is an hereditary Pachalik. The inhabitants of Morocco have degenerated from a race of manly and liberal men who once rendered their names famous for science and wisdom, who established schools of philosophy in Cordova and on the smiling plains of Grenada, and who were more enlightened, more tolerant and more gallant; when possessed of Spain, than the present race who call themselves the legitimate proprietors of that mild and fruitful country. And let it be remembered, that during the late war with Great Britain, though under retirement Since the expulsion of the Moors from Spain, when the committee of defence was sitting in this spirit, emulation, and character have deserted city, he offered his services to them by letter; them, and the descendants of the Abincerrages and had the enemy made their appearance to at-have passed from a state of perfect civilization to tack us, he would have shown himself, with his the extremes of savage barbarity. usual activity, in defence of Philadelphia, by land or water. [Aurora, For several centuries passed the continued pilgrimage of the Musselmen of Barbary to Mecca and Medina, and the consequent interchange of |