||

sentiment and opinion with millions of their Core- the zeal and activity of Mahamed and Ali Bey, ligeonares, who piously assemble there at stated two brothers, who defeated the Turkish soldiery periods, have produced a constant emigration to and drove into exile the reigning Dey Mahamed the Barbary states from the interior of Asia and Ichelcby. The conquerors assembled the Divan, the borders of the Persian Gulf, and the confines and the Shikmedien or municipal chief of Tunis, of the Caspian Sea-from this mixed population and proposed an hereditary monarchy, which it might be considered difficult to discriminate finally was determined upon, and Mahamed the between the natives and the emigrants. This chief of the revolution, was chosen the first sovehowever is not the case, the natives principally re-reign. This sudden change, however did not last side in the interior of the country, and form that long, the people once immersed in the chaos and body of men who are called Bedouins or Arabs, confusion of a revolution, felt disposed to revive the emigrants or the descendants of emigrants those turbulent feelings among the Turks, which dwell principally in the cities and maritime towns, had only been smothered; they felt it also to be and are generally engaged in commerce and ma- difficult to reconcile themselves to the new order nufactories. The Bedouins differ materially from of things; and accordingly a party of the disafthe Moors and Turks in their manners and ap- ||fected succeeded in promoting a rupture with Alpearance; they are mostly tall and slender, their giers-an army was assembled on the frontiers, at complexion is a light olive, they have a mild and a place called Keft, which was commanded by the placid look, and their features have all the cha-Dey of Algiers and the Bey of Constantine, who racteristic form and traits of the Numidians. Their succeeded, after a vigorous attack, in obtaining dress is a thin woollen robe or blanket, which is possession of Tunis. The Bey fled into the mounthrown loosely and not ungracefully around them ||tains, and the Dey named as his successor a Turk in several folds, and secured at the shoulder by a called Mahamed Ben Chouques. The Algerine pin or broach; this, together with sandals, gives forces had no sooner retired from the kingdom, to them the air and appearance of antiquity, and when Mahamed Bey having succeeded in raising when they asssemble in groupes, the gravity of the Arabs in the mountains, came down & retook their manners and the sober reflection impressed the city, and drove his rival back to Algiers. The on their countenance, we think for the moment Algerines were not disposed to incur the expense that the companions of Syphax and Massanissa of another campaign, merely for the purpose of are before us.-The Bedouins shave their heads placing Ben Chouques once more on the throne. according to the Mahometan custom, around They permitted Mabamed Bey to hold his pos which they bind fillets of brown serge or cloth, sessions quietly, which he did until he died. The which is wound in several folds, and secures a regular succession then became confirmed, as he part of their robe, which is called Bournouse or was tranquilly succeeded by his brother Ramadan hood. Their diet is principally dates, milk and Bey. This new chief was represented to be a bread of an excellent quality, the simplicity of man of uncommon mildness; and as his adminis which, joined to moderate exercise and continual || tration wanted energy and vigilance, he was debathing, keeps them in perfect health. posed and put to death by his nephew Murat Bey, whose despotism and cruelty were marked by so || many aggravating circumstances as to arouse the fury of the people, and he in his turn was assassinated by Ibrahim Cheriff, who was elected Bey in his place: But Ibrahim being taken prisoner in battle by the Algerines, the soldiers elected a new chief called Hassan Ben Ali. This man was descended from a Greek, and from him the Beys of Tunis, until the present time, are descended in regular succession.

The Moors who reside in the sea ports are of a different character, their confined situation, the heat of the atmosphere on their towns and cities, their natural indolence, joined to the immoderate use of coffee, tobacco, and sherbet, combine to render them corpulent, inactive, and unwieldy, notwithstanding which they are more shrewd and more capable of managing public affairs than the Bedouins, who form the greatest portion of the population, and may be considered as the yeomanry of the country-they have by a series of Hassan Ben Ali though popular with the peorevolutions been compelled to surrender their au- ple, still felt that his throne was insecure, while thority into the hands of the Moors and Turks, || İbrahim his predecessor was alive at Algiers; he and the simplicity of their habits and manners therefore adopted every means to obtain possesrender them unequal to the task of ruling. sion of his person, which for a time were defeatAs there is no material difference in the cha-ed by Ibrahim. At length he caused it to be cirracter and policy of the states in Barbary, we shall culated, that he only held his power in trust for make a few observations on the kingdom of Tunis, Ibrahim Cheriff, which he would surrender the partly in consequence of its high rank in antiquity, moment he would return. Ibrahim deceived at but principally of its being the most civilized of length with these promises, ventured to return the three powers, and affording the most authen- with a small suite to a town near the ruins of Utica tic sources of history. The revolutions in Tunis called Porto Farina, where on the instant of his have been constantly attended by scenes of tyran- || arrival, his head was struck off by Hassan Ben Ali. ny, perfidy, and assassinations. Originally they All claims to the throne then ceased, and Ben Ali were governed by Deys, appointed sometimes by reigned tranquilly. He had no children by his se the Ottoman Porte, but generally by the Alge-veral wives, and therefore, had nominated as his rines, to whom they were tributary. The Arabs successor, his nephew Ali Bey, who commanded and Moors, however, found the power of the Al-his forces and was represented as a brave and acgerines to be extremely oppressive, and they made tive chief. various attempts to shake off their dependence, An event however occurred some time after, and to make choice of their own Beys or Sove-which destroyed the hopes of Ali Bey in obtainreigns. It was not, however, until about the year ing possession of the throne. A cruizer had cap1684, that the Tunisians succeeded in choosing tured a Genoese vessel, on board of which was a their own Beys. The revolution was effected by woman of uncommon beauty, and in conformity

and in perpetuating a system of despotism and cold blooded cruelty; and amidst all these scenes of confusion and disorder, it will be seen that the Algerines have played no inconsiderable partthey have ever been prepared to afford co-operation to that party who were the most disaffected and the most likely to promote tumult and disortions, it will be recollected that all the states in Barbary were prosecuting a continued warfare against all Christendom, and have, until this moment, swelled their catalogue of unfortunate slaves, and would have continued to be a terror to the neighboring states, had not an example been set by the American people, which has, for the present, checked their system of piracy and slavery, and which, there is every reason to believe, will ultimately destroy it.

BRITISH OPINIONS.

The following very interesting article is from the London Observer of June 24, 1816. It concedes much more than the British have heretofore been in the habit of conceding. The writer admits, that "it lies within the grasp of the United States to change the face of all the civilized relations of mankind." He further allows, that if the present prosperity continues, "the des potism of Europe will soon become harmless."

to the established custom, she was placed in the ceeded by his brother Attoman-to the exclusion Harem, and the Bey conceived a great attachment of Mahmond and Ishmael, who were the legiti for her and on her renouncing her faith, and em- mate claimants-they however caused him to be bracing the Mahometan religion, he married her. assassinated, and in 1815, Mahmand Bey, the By this wife he had a son whom he called Mah-grandson of Hassan Ben Ali, and the descendant med Bey, and afterwards two others, who were of the Genoese lady, was chosen Bey. Thus for named Mahmoud and Ali Bey. Being now pro- fifteen years the kingdom of Tunis has been convided with an heir, he announced to his nephew vulsed by revolutions, and these revolutions have Ali Bey, the necessity of revoking the declaration not been without their effect in corrupting the which guaranteed to him the possession of the minds of the people; in rendering them insensithrone, but as a proof of his confidence and affec-ble to the principles of honor and good fath, tion, he purchased for him from the Grand Seigneur, the title of Pacha, which he accepted with apparent content. Disappointment, however, in the hopes he had indulged of wielding the sceptre, his ambition could not rest satisfied with an empty title, and no power or command: he waited for a favorable occasion and fled to the mountains, where he had formed a party, and with which he attack-der; and in addition to these internal commoed his uncle Hassan Ben Ali, who several times defeated him.-Finding his resources inadequate, he prevailed on the Algerines to assist him, who sent a powerful army before Tunis, took the city, drove Hassan Ben Ali to Suza, and established Ali Bey. Hassan Ben Ali remained a long time in exile, when having formed the determination of requiring assistance from the Algerines, to reestablish him and protect his children, he left|| Suza for Algiers, but shortly after was overtaken by Younnes Bey, the eldest son of Ali Pacha, who put him to death-the children escaped. Ali Pacha having removed the principal claimant to the throne, was led to expect a peaceable reign, but was disappointed by the turbulent and factious spirit of his children. His second son Mahmed Bey, formed the design of excluding his elder brother Younnes from the succession, by creating disaffection towards him in the minds of the father and the people; this he succeeded in doing. Younnes Bey, finding himself superceded by his brother, fled from the palace, at Bardo, took possession of a strong fortress in the city of Tunis, built by Charles the Vth, called the Gaspe, which commanded the town. From this citadel, however, he was driven and fled to Algiers, to claim assistance as usual. Mahmed then removed his younger brother, by causing him to be poisoned, and flattered himself with the hope of filling the throne on the death of his father Ali Pacha. At this period a revolution occurred at Algiers, which terminated in electing a Dey, who was an avowed enemy to Younnes Bey and all his family; he determined to espouse the cause of the two children of Hassan Ben Ali, who had been killed by Younnes Bey-and accordingly marched before Tunis, took possession of the city, caused Ali Pacha, the reigning Bey, to be strangled, and placed Mahmed Bey, the eldest son of Hassan Ben Ali, on the throne. Tranquility was once more restored-the Bey, however, died shortly after, leaving two children yet in infancy, who were called Mahmoad and Ishmael-both of whom are now alive, and the eldest is at present Bey of Tunis. These children being too young to reign, || Ali Bey, the brother of Mahmed, took possession in trust for his nephew, but having a son who gave early indications of a great mind, he used his efforts to make him popular with the people, which he succeeded in doing, and on his death Hamada Pacha, one of the greatest men that ever governed in that kingdom, was created Bey. This place he held for upwards of thirty years, and was suc

[B. Patriot.

Commercial men are not without apprehensions of danger to all our West-India possessions. The rising power of America, and the intriguing faci lities which her situation gives her, with an immense population of slaves, lorded over by a handful of feeble Europeans, presents a prolific theatre of turbulent changes. Let us suppose, that in the event of another war with America, the latter were to proceed upon the principles which Bonaparte meditated (but did not put in execution) in Russia, of proclaiming freedom and national independence to all who would espouse the cause of his arms against ancient authorities. Our immense colonial system would be shaken to its base, by such a plan; and America with her thriving and vigilant navy, would speedily place Europe in an entire dependence on her for a share of all the principal existing channels of commerce. Such a tremendous facility of mischief has she over the fortunes of this once mighty empire, that it lays within her very grasp, to change the face of all the civilized relations of mankind. Europe would break and destroy itself against that resting position of hostility which she may ere long assume towards the retrograding empire of the old world. We have not any prince in Europe, who is aware of the rising advantages of the new continent; or who sees the flushing coruscations of glory teeming from the barbarous broils of legitimized Europe-and forming over her head,

a halo of the best skill, the valor, the intelligence, the cost of priceless reputation-that impress and independence of Europe. But which or what which gives this human dress its currency; withof our European princes is aware of this, in its out which we stand despised, debased, deprecitrue light? They are happy at getting rid of that ated? Who shall repair it injured? Who can tone and temper of intellect which would arraign redeem it lost? Oh! well and truly does the their sway but they do not know that these form great philosopher of poetry esteem the world's the virtual strength of all nations. It is the spirit health as "trash" in the comparison-without it of knowledge, and improved public mind. A de- gold has no value-birth, no distinction-station, basing and insolent soldiery, who had scarcely no dignity-beauty, no charm-age, no reverany feeling in common with the community, from ence. Or, should I not rather say, without it which they had been separated, and a degraded every treasure impoverishes, every grace deforms, spirit in the people, formed the ulterior and low-every dignity degrades, and all the arts, and deering elements of fallen Greece and Rome: and corations, and accomplishments of life, stand like the spurious diadem that tottered in the last of the the beacon blaze upon a rock, warning the world race of tyrants of other times, could flatter only that its approach is danger-that its contact is the meanest order of minds-such as we may des- death. The wretch without it is under an eternal cry in the Ferdinands, the Bourbons, the Freder- quarantine-no friend to greet-no home to har. icks, &c. of our own days. They preserve only bour him; the voyage of his life becomes a joy. the perishable and combustible scaffolding of less perii; and in the midst of all ambition can thrones-the dead and marrowless skeletons of achieve, or avarice amass, or rapacity plunder, royalty, which has lost all that purified and sus- he tosses on the surge, a buoyant pestilence! But tained its attributes, that sanctified its power, or let me not degrade into the selfishness of indivigave purpose to its energy-the living and breath-dual safety, or individual exposure, this universal ing substance which rounded and clothed the hi-principle: it testifies a higher, a more ennobting deous nucleus-the mind which irradiated, and origin; it is this, which, consecrating the humble the gallantry and magnanimity which shed such circle of the earth, will at times extend itself to blandishments on its intercourse with the people. the circumference of the horizon-which nerves are seen no more: nor will they be traced on the the arm of the patriot to save his country—which records of our days. Europe has not a single lights the lamp of the philosopher to amend man prince who is capable of regenerating the cha--which, if it does not inspire, will yet in vigo racter of royalty, or arresting the policy which is rate, the martyr to merit immortality-which, hurrying the thrones of our times into oblivion and when one world's agony is passed, and the glory decay. But this will be a plain statement fifty of another is dawning, will prompt the prophet, years hence, if all the legitimates continue. Ame. even in his chariot of fire, and in his vision of rica will then have trebled her population. The heaven, to bequeath to mankind the mantle of great moral condition of Europe will then be na- his memory! O divine, O delightful legacy, our turalized in her community. What power may spotless reputation! Rich is the inheritance it not South America yet develope, with such a leaves-pious the example it testifies-pure, preneighbor? But the subject is full of the direstcious, and imperishable, the hope which it inomens. The despotism of Europe will soon be come harmless, if the scene continues, of "700 people emigrating, in one party, to America." In a very few years we may have "omitted the "Tide in the affairs of nations."

And where shall we trace the causes of these mo

spires. Can you conceive a more atrocious injury than to filch from its possessors this inestimable benefit-to rob society of its charm, and solitude of its solace: not only to outlaw life, but to attaint death; converting the very grave, the refuge of the sufferer, into the gate of infamy and mentous changes? Where, but in the ignoranceyond it. He who plunders my property, takes of shame! I can conceive very few crimes beand misrule of princes. It was by standing ar mies that all the principal nations in the world have fallen. The reason is obvious: emulation among citizens ceases. The arts will no longer be studied when wealth and distinction wait not on those who study them.

A celebrated Roman Catholic tourist mentions as facts, in his publication on Italy, that the present king of Naples never knew that such a people as the anci nt Romans ever existed, until accidentally told of it by our late ambassador sir William Hamiltonbut all sir William's arguments could not induce his majesty for one moment to give credit to the story of the beheading of our Charles the Ist. He never believed it possible that common men: could cut off the heads of kings, until the French cut off that of

Louis XVIth.

But what period can repair a ruined reputation? from me that which can be repaired by time. He who maims my person, affects that which me dicines may remedy. But what herb has sovereignty over the wounds of slander? He who ridicules my poverty, or reproaches my profess:on, upbraids me with that which industry may retrieve, and integrity purify; but what riches shall redeem the bankrupt fame! what power shall blanch the sullied snow of character! Can there be an injury more deadly? Can there be a crime more cruel? It is wihout remedy-it is without antidote it is without evasion. The reptile calumny is ever on the watchfrom the fascination of its eye no activity can esVALUE OF REPUTATION. cape-from the venom of its fang no sanity can The following eloquent effusion on the value of recover: it has no enjoyment but crime-it has reputation is extracted from the speech of Charlesno prey but virtue. It has no interval from the Phillips, Esq. at the court house of Galway, Ireland, on the first of April last, in a case of libel on the Rev. C. O'Mullen, a Catholic clergyman: "What damages, then, can you give? I am content to leave the defendant's crime altogether out of the question; but how can you recompence the sufferings of my client? Who shall estimate

restlessness of its malice, save, when bloated with its victims, it grovels to disgorge them at the withered shrine where envy idolizes her own infirmities. Under such a visitation, how dreadful would be the destiny of the virtuous and the good, if the providence of our constitution had not given you the power, as I trust you will have

the principle, to bruise the head of the serpent, || rality. It is thus that the manners of a people and crush and humble the altar of its idolatry!', are affected by its laws.

SLAVERY.

An experiment is making in the west, which will shed light upon a much agitated question in political economy; how far domestic slavery retards or accelerates the advancement of a nation to wealth?

The Ohio river is the line which exactly defines the boundaries of the experiment.-To the south, are the states which permit the existence of slavery-to the north those states which forbid it. Kentucky, Tennessee, the Mississippi territory,

AGRICULTURAL.

[Compiler.

From the American Daily Advertiser.

CHAFF.

ITS ECONOMICAL USE IN PREFERENCE TO HAY.

The improved chaff-cutter is employed for both hay and straw; and the chops or cuttings of both are technically called chaff. In the apprehended scarcity of hay, the following article from the 13th volume of the Papers of the Bath and West of England Society, for the encouragement of Agriculture, &c. is well worthy of attention. Mr. Williamson is a gentleman of respectability and

observation.

admit of slaves; the state of Ohio has forbid it by the very constitution of her government. The second state, which exists north of the river is that of Indiana, the youngest state in the Union. Those who top and blade their Indian Corn, Her constitution expressly states, that as involunwill find it amply reward them, although in plentary servitude is forbidden by principle, "no al-tiful hay seasons it is not so much an object. teration of this constitution shall ever take place Many cut off the whole of the corn plant near the so as to introduce slavery, or involuntary servi- ground, and dry the ears and stalks in open conitude in this state, otherwise than for the punish-cal stacks-They will find the straw-cutter of imment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been portant advantage for promoting nutritive chaff duly convicted." from the whole plant, after the ears are taken off. Cutting even the tops and blades will be more economical than giving them whole.

Public spirited printers would do well to cir

It is probable that the same feature will run -through all the North-western region-and as the Michigan and Missouri territories shall fall into the ranks of the American states, an eternal pro-culate these hints among farmers generally; as hibition will be raised by their constitution to the introduction of involuntary slaves.

The distinction between the states north and south of the Ohio, will have other bearings than upon the problem of national wealth-it will assist in showing the effects of servitude upon the characters and manners of the people-So far, then, the Ohio is a broad line between the states which hold slaves, and those which have noneand although the effects may not be immediately perceptible, yet they will undoubtedly develope themselves in the lapse of generations.-Slavery, then, forms one remarkable feature of distinc tion, between the banks of the Ohio.

they are not theories, but the result of experience. Those who are struck with its advantages (which in a time of abundance of hay may not appear so urgent) will have notice in due season, to prepare for the execution of the plan suggested. Let them suspend prejudice, till they have tried the experiment A powerful straw-cutter is all essential. Additional labour is, no doubt, requir ed; but the IMPORTANT saving of Provender, quadruply repays it.

[A comparative Statement respecting the use of chaff and the common practice of serving Horses, &c. with hay-by Thomas Williamson, Esq. in u letter to the Secretary-Bath Papers, vol. 13, page 104.]

SIR-Permit me to solicit that you lay before the society the following comparative Statement respecting the use of chaff, and the common practice of serving horses, &c. with hay.

There is another, in some measure growing out of it. As the states south of the Ohio not only permit the existence of slavery, but the introduction of slaves, most of the emigrants from the southern Atlantic states will naturally bend their steps to that direction. Many of them, because I have throughout the summer kept my horses they would wish to take their domestics within the stable, feeding them with good hay and them-and others, though they are destitute of beans. My oxen have, on the contrary, always slaves, because they have been familiarized to been turned out to grass when liberated from their their service and society-How different from work; they have had the range of good pastures the regions north of the Ohio! They will be prin- and the benefit of some less valuable hay, previ eipally frequented by emigrants from the north-ous to their going to their labor. My horses, five ern states, who have no slaves to accompany them. The rich will bend their steps in that direction, because they will find the laborer, whom he was used to employ in his own country.-The poor laborer will follow the same track, because the field is fully open to him-there is no competition with the black laborer to lessen the demand for labor and lower its wages.

in number, have been regularly worked in pairs; latterly, after much opposition on the part of my servants, with reins. The oxen, four in number, have worked in collars, drawing generally a stout Beverstone plough, or a large drag and scuffler; their labor has been constant and rather severe. As our meadows began to fail us toward the end of September, owing to the quantity of stock upon them, it became necessary to allow the oxen

These two features will strongly discriminate the state of society on both banks of the Ohio-more and better hay. as strongly as that of Massachusetts is distinguish- The increased expenditure alarmed me; as the ed from that of Virginia. Time will develope the four oxen and the five horses, consumed no less different consequences of these features upon than four tons within one month. This caused their manners. In the one region we shall have me to prohibit the use of hay in the racks, and to more industry, in the other more enterprize---in || feed all the cattle with chaff; of which a boy can the one more economy, in the other more libe- I cut sufficient for daily use in two hours.

My servants not only ridiculed the change, but || If it be even considered as an article to be convertso far as they dared, opposed it, in an underhanded into manure, the corn stalk far exceeds straw, manner, by various evasions and pretexts. Aided or any other such material. How miserably then by the care and vigilance of the young gentlemen do they mismanage, who suffer their stock to with me, the system of chaff-feeding was fully es- wander in their stalk fields and wasting as much tablished; and the quantity needful for the hors- as they eat, leave the greater part of the offals es, and the oxen separately ascertained. of the corn plant to perish uselessly and shamefully!!

The pretext that they are ploughed in for the benefit of the succeeding crop, is idle, as few of the stalks can be perfectly covered: and they have been found unrotted under the ploughing, even when partially covered, after a crop of wheat. The earth checks fermentation in such detached matter; there being no sufficient body of them

One hundred weight of hay was found to yield 20 bushels of chaff pressed into the measure and piled as high as it safely could be carried; consequently each bushel weighed about 5 1-2 pounds It was found that the five horses would eat 12 bushels of chaff during the 24 hours; and that the 4 oxen would consume an equal quantity in the same time. Ever since the oxen have been fed with chaff only, they have very evidently improv-together to promote putrefaction, when stalks are ed in condition; as have also the horses, although scattered at random as they fall over the field. their work has latterly been on heavier soil, and Burning them is, so far as it goes, beneficial; but of course, more severe than formerly. it is a wretched substitute for the superior advan Twenty-four bushels of Chaff, at 20 to the hun-tages derived from hauling them into the yard in dred weight, amount to about 21 1-2 tons yearly; the fall, using what will answer for provender and which deducted from 48 tons, (the quantity we rotting down the residue for highly valuable mawere consuming within the year,) gives a saving nure. of about 26 tons, or more than half.

In our country, generally overflowing with plenI have, however carried the retrenchments far- ty, the foregoing economical practices may not be ther by cutting in bean stalks,* to the extent of regarded with the interest they merit. But if it about a quarter of the chaff; these being laid up- should produce even a partial reformation in the permost in the cutting trough, keep the hay well expenditure of an article of forage growing every pressed, and cause it to be cut more regularly.day more costly as the demand increases, the end Thus we now use about 2500 weight of hay month-of the publication will be answered. ly, instead of four tons.

It is customary in our quarter, to throw bean stalks under cattle; a practice which cannot be too speedily abolished. Mine had suffered much from standing out a full month in the late rainy weather; yet all my cattle eat the chaff, cut from them alone, without hesitation; indeed, rather in preference.

I am yours, &c.

THOMAS WILLIAMSON. Writhlington, Nov. 9, 1812.

Mr. Williamson is not the only one who has profited, in a greater or less degree, by this practice. Much of the entire hay is wasted before it enters the mouth; and what is eaten, cannot be so promptly and perfectly prepared, when whole, as to mix intimately with the system of the animal; whereas of the chaff nothing is lost; and every particle quickly undergoes the preparatory operations required.

NOTE.

||

Mr. Williamson's expenditure of hay appears to exceed a necessary supply; yet horses and cattle, hard worked, consume forage most incredibly. But there is no doubt of the facts in his statement; and the relative saving is the great object of instruction and example, and not the question whether the stock required less or more hay in the aggregate. Both the positive and relative saving may be better managed by those who depend on themselves, and not on reluctant and mulish servants, for the expenditure of their forage. August 16th, 1816.

MR. HILL,

WITCHCRAFT.

From the New-Hampshire Patriot.

Having often observed a propensity in a certain class of people to attribute the strange conduct of maniacs or insane persons to some preternatural cause, as witchcraft or the like, I submit the foldulge themselves and weary others with such ablowing for publication, as a hint to those who innotions.

Extract from the Journal of a gentleman travelling westward, transmitted to a friend in this vicinity.

of

*How much superior to beans stalks, those of our Indian corn will be found, every one acquaint-surd ed with both can well ascertain; there being no comparison between them. The corn stalks far exceed in saccharine and nutritious qualities. Add to this, the top, blade, and husk, and our Indian corn plant, as well for its grain, as for every part of its substance, must be acknowledged to be the most valuable of our Cerealia grain bearing products. It is welcome in seasons of prosperity and plenty, and doubly so in those of scarcity and deficiency of other esculents for ourselves, or provender for our stock. How much more economically the very stalk and husks can be expended, if brought into our barn yard or sheds, for support to our cattle at our pleasure, instead of suffering them to waste and tread them down in the fields at their will, dropping their manure to be given to the winds, let any one determine who has been wise enough to make the experiment.

||

Keel-Boat, Ohio River, 200 miles below Louisville, July 29, 1816. -This morning I have to record an instance credulity and folly, the most striking and ridiculous I ever witnessed. The flat, laden with slaves and bolts of canvass, which I have taken occasion to mention before, is still in company with us, being made fast to the keel in which we sail. 2 black girls on board of the flat, were singularly attacked last night sbout 12, with what I should consider hysterics, accompanied by a kind of phrenzy or vapors to which females are sometimes subject. They had something like fits or spasms, which pretty regularly succeeded each other for the space of an hour, perhaps longer. During