When this fish springs from the water, it is to || of antiquity, and a modern hero, whose intrepidity avoid becoming the prey of the dolphin, which constantly pursues it: but the unfortunate animal encounters in the air enemies equally formidable, and is overtaken by birds that continually hover over the water. It flies only while its wings are wet, and sinks into the water the moment they become dry. It often falls upon the decks of vessels, particularly during night. This animal is in the air, what the diver is in the water; it is impossible for him to respire the element in which was long the admiration of all Europe, were among the practical advocates of this wholesome element. That water is not an incentive to vice, like many of the liquors in common use, and that ||its votaries are exempt from the disgrace of ebriety, has been observed by Shakespeare he is found. From the Petersburgh Intelligencer. UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE. "Honest water Is too weak to be a sinner; Whereas Solomon remarks -Strong drink is raging; The ancients usually diluted their wines with a considerable portion of water; a custom that even the tuneful Teian," of far-famed bacchanalian memory, appears to have sanctioned by his own example Bring hither, boy, a mighty bowl, content to suffer a dilution of only "one part” water! From the Louisville (K.) Correspondent. ON PARTIES. L. Sussex, October 1. GENTLEMEN,-Reading the remarks in your paper, taken from the National Register, respecting the strange antipathy which pervades the human breast towards the Serpentine Race, it brought to my recollection an argument in favor of the Christian Religion, which I do not recollect I ever saw any where advanced. If we minutely examine the whole tribe of animated beings who express their passions or desires by sounds, we shall find all of the same species using similar sounds, with the solitary exception of man. All the difference that exists in the sounds uttered by the same species. of animated beings, is caused by a difference in age or formation of the thorax. But man, design- In my former remarks on this subject in answer ed by the state in which he is placed to be the Lord of all, does not enjoy the happy privilege of stantial similarity of the parties of our country in to Cæsar, the editor endeavored to show the subhaving an Universal Language.-How much more agreeable, how much more happy would his situa-gion and manners, to a most remarkable degree. the great leading principles of government, relition be, if his language was universal! But alas, asserted the fugitive, perishable nature of the how far is it from being the case! How will the former grounds of party difference, and the total most profound philosopher be able to account for transformation of parties at this time. To supthe various languages spoken by man? Is it not a port this latter assertion, we have only to recollect strong argument in favor of the truth of divine revelation?God, it is said, confounded the lan-after the adjustment of the objections to the prewhat we formerly differed about. Were they not, guage of the rebellious sons of men, when they contemplated building a tower to reach to Hea ven-How severely does our species pay for this rebellion? How much more easy, how much shorter would be the literary road, if science was not locked up by obsolete languages? How much more easy would the intercourse of nations be, if all spoke the same language? SS. sent federal constitutions, banking, revenue, naval and military establishments?-What the particular incidental reasons were, are immaterial; the essential point is, that the federal and republican parties did differ about the policy of those branhes of legislation, which form the body and substance of the administration of any government; and that they now notoriously cease to differ about these very identical topics. Why then, in the name of heaven, do we still continue to revile each From the same. other, and hold our respective parties up to the hatred and distrust of the nation? Parties in the WHOLESOMENESS OF WATER. United States are at this time little more distinct Tornefort mentions a Venetian Consul who re- in political principle than they were in the empire sided at Symrna, that lived to the age of 218 years, of Liliput, where, according to Swift, they were and never drank any thing but water; which is divided about whether they should break their said to be the universal and only liquor of the New eggs at the big or at the little end, giving rise to Zealanders, who enjoy the most perfect and unin- most notable parties in the state, called the big terrupted health, entirely untainted with disease; endians and little endians. The subject, however, not a single person having been seen by Captain is too serious for this strain of remark; party Cook that had any bodily complaint; nor, among proscription is a pestilence in society; it poisons the numbers that presented themselves to that re- the public mind against the profoundest learning, nowned navigator, was there an individual observ- the most exalted talents and the purest patrioted who had even the slightest eruption upon theism, which is not within the pale of party politics.. skin, or the least mark which indicated that any had formerly existed. It may be worthy of notice likewise, that two of the most athletic characters! The dogmas of the day, the prevailing humors of the passing moment, the slavish sycophancy of party, these are the abominable substitutes of virtue, learning and mind. It is strangling the from my own observations, and from correct and best faculties of society, and cutting off the most authentic information, I am enabled to give you valuable members of the community, whose exer- such an account of Monticello, and its philosophie tions would redound to the prosperity and glory owner, as may afford you gratification and enterof the republic. Does it not then imperiously be-tainment: as the most minute particulars respecthove every honest man, every citizen attached to ing so eminent a character, and whatever may the good of his country, (and what virtuous man concern him, must interest you, Ihope I shall not can be insensible to it) to shake off his party bi-be accused of prolixity. Thomas is the oldest gotry, and to despise the prostituted press that ex-surviving son of Peter Jefferson; he had six chilts its influence over the public mind, but to debauch dren; two daughters alone lived to maturity; one t with party bigotry and exclusive pretensions 2 married to Mr. John W. Eppes, the other to Mr. Shall we never, my countrymen, put an end to Thomas M. Randolph. The patriotism and tathis civil war? Why should we not call into our lents of both these gentlemen are well known to service the hearts and heads that are best caleu- the community. Mrs. Eppes died about 12 or 13 lated to promote the welfare of our common coun- years since, and left two children, one of whom is try in despite and contempt of old indifferences. since dead. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph live near The disputes ought to be buried under the alli- this place. ance which has virtually been made by the parties Mr. Jefferson is very regular and temperate in of the country pursuing the same plans of policy. his mode of living; he retires to his chamber a But how shall we effect this desired harmony? by bout nine o'clock, and rises before the sun, both in adopting the idea of the National Register, to de- summer and winter; and it is not easy to connounce every distinctive epithet, except that ofceive a more grand or sublime sight than the ris republicans. This appellation is certainly the most happily expressive of the whole tenor of our government, and which is in th name, and for the good of the people, in opposition to the interests of an hereditary prince; and though the term federal is equally destructive of another feature in our complex system of government, which is its confederate character, it is unfortunately associated with such obnoxious recollections of ancient differences, (yet given up by the republicans of late) that the successful coalition of all good and capable men is utterly desperate. Let, then, the federalists imitate the republicans so far as the latter have notoriously, and to the satisfaction of the nation, renounced their old plans of government in regard to navies, armies, internal taxes and banks: let the former renounce their name. The republicans are now substantially federalists in the leading and permanent policy of government: let the latter, meeting their old adversaries on the middle ground of friendship and moderation, and renouncing a name which has ceased to designate them exclusively, become republicans in nanie, as well as in fact. The republicans have abandoned the substance of old party difference, and now let the federalists magnanimously abandon the form. Let all unite in the holy band of brothers and countrymen, determined to exalt our admirable republic to the highest pinnacle of happiness and renown. What may not be anticipated of our country when this shall be the case? What glorious emulation of the proudest days of Grecian valor and Roman patriotism may not be expected? Why, then, delay the blessed work? Let us, in the language of the sacred volume, be up and be doing, in the pious labor of healing the wounds of our common country. THE SAGE OF MONTICELLO. From a series of letters published in the Cape The village of Milton is three miles from the seat of Mr. Jefferson, late President of the United States. My stay there did not exceed 3 hours; and my opportunity of converse with this great man was much shorter than I wished. However, ing of the sun viewed from the summit of Monticello. Until breakfast, which is early, he is em ployed in writing; after that he generally visits his workshops, laborers, &c. and then until 12 o'clock he is engaged in his study, either in drawing, writing, or reading; he then rides over his plantation, returns at two, dresses for dinner, and joms his company. He retires from table soon after the cloth is removed, and spends the evening in walking about, reading the newspapers, and in conversation with such guests as may be with him. His disposition is truly amiable, easy of access, quick and ready in dispatch of business, and so condescending and naturally pleasing in his manners and address, that no person, at all acquainted with him, can feel in his presence perplexity or embarrassment. Monticello is a conical hill; its summit, on which stands the house, is 500 feet above the adjoining country. The view from hence is exten sive, variegated and charming. To the west, the Blue Mountains, at a distance of about 15 miles, bound the prospect; while to the north and east, the eye wanders in rapture over an expanse of, I think, forty-five miles, and can distin guish particular objects at that distance. It is near a mile from the public road, which leads between Charlottesville and Milton. The house is an irregular octagon with porticoes on the east and west sides, and piazzas on the north and south ends. Its extent including the porticoes and piazzas, is about 110 by 90 feet; the external is finished in the doric order com plete, with ballustrade on the top of it. The in ternal of the house contains specimens of all the different orders except the composite, which is not introduced. The hall is in the Ionic, the din ing room is in the Doric, the parlor is in the Corinthian, and dome in the Attic. In the other rooms are introduced several different forms of these orders, all in the truest proportions according to Pallado. On the ground floor are eleven rooms, on the second six, and on the attic four; there are cellars under the whole. Through the antes of the house from north to south on the cellar floor, is a passage of 300 feet long leading to two wings, or ranges of buildings of one story, that stand equi distant from each end of the house, and extend 120 feet eastwardly from the passages, terminated by a pavillion of two stories at the end of each. The roofs of the passages, and range of, and woollens Mr. Jefferson proposes making buildings, form an agreeable walk, being flat and considerable improvements, useful and ornamenfloored, and have a Chinese railing round themtal, both here and in his pleasure grounds. -they rise but a little height above the lawn, that they may not obstruct the view. On the south side are the kitchen, smoke house, dairy, waste house, and servant's rooms; on the north are the ice-house, coaches, &c. The library is extensive, and contains, as it might indeed be expected, a vast collection of rare and other valuable works, on all subjects, and in all languages. Mr. Jefferson has a large collection of mathe. matical, philosophical, and optical instruments and Indian curiosities. Among the latter are busts of a male and female, sitting in the Indian position; they are supposed to be of great antiquity, and to have been formed by the Indians; they were ploughed up in the state of Tennessee; are of very hard stone, but considerably defaced. There is also in the hall a representation of a battle between the Panis and Osages, also a map of || the Missouri and its tributary streams, both exeeuted by Indians on dressed buffalo hides; bows, arrows, poisoned lances, pipes of peace, wampum belts, mockasins, &c. several dresses, and cooking utensils, of the Mondan and other nations of the Missouri. The above valuations were made in 1815, and The statuary in the hall consists of a colossal agreeably to the law of congress, no additions bust of Mr. Jefferson, by It is on a trun- have been made on account of improvements, eated column, on the pedestal of which are re- and no deduction, except where slaves have died,. presented the twelve tribes of Israel, and the run away, or otherwise become useless, or protwelve signs of the zodiac. A full length figureperty destroyed by fire, or other decay. The tax of Cleopatra, in a reclining position, after she had levied is 114 cents on each valuation of 100 dol applied the asp; and the busts of Voltaire and [Alex. Herald. Thurgot, in plaister; there is likewise a model of one of the pyramids in Egypt. In the parlor are busts of the Emperors Alexander of Russia, and Napoleon of France, sitting on columns, and a sleeping Venus. In the bow of the dining room, are busts of General Washington, Doctor Franklin, Marquis de la Fayette, and Paul Jones, in plaister. lars. COMMERCIAL. The following account of the import of cotton into Liverpool, from the 1st of January till the 23d of August, 1816, inclusive, was communicated in a letter from Rathbone, Hodgson, & Co. of Liverpool, under date of the 24th of August, 1816: America, The collection of paintings is considered by connoisseurs to be of the first rate. Among them is the Ascension, by Poussin; the Holy Family, by Raphael; Scourging of Christ, by Reubens; Crucifixion, by Guido; and a great many other scriptural and historical pieces, by the first masters; portraits, prints, medalions, medals, &c. of || East-Indies, celebrated characters and events. West-Indies, &c. Demarara and Berbice, Sales to the 23d of August, 196,000 Stock at the close of last year, Bugs. 111,647 17,704 63,905 14,816 5,918 7,312 226,302 16,000-180,000 46,300 60,000 106,300 Further imports expected within the year, 13,000 2,000 12,000 *6,000 2,000 1,000 36,000 sent carried on by him, are at Bedford, of smith's On hand as above, work, and at Monticello, a nailery; the latter 106,300 conducted by boys, and a manufactory of cotton 142,306 The collection of natural curiosities, is tolerably extensive, and consists of mammoth and other bones, horns of different kinds, a head of the mountain ram, petrefactions, chrystalizations, minerals, shells, &c. In short, it is supposed there is no private gentleman in the world, in possession of so perfect and complete a scientific, useful and ornamental collection. His lands adjoining Monticello, are said to be about eleven thousand acres; of which about fifteen hundred acres are cleared; he has a large tract of land in Bedford county, where he raises annually about || 40,000 cwt. of tobacco, and grain sufficient to maintain the plantation. He keeps no stock of horses and cattle here, but uses mules for his waggons. The number of his negroes is about two hundred. His flock of sheep are valuable; they consist of the Cape or large tail, Shetland and Merino breeds. The manufactories at pre Now on hand, America, Demarara and Berbice, are kept two and two together, are fed regularly, with grass of some kind, and watered; women attend upon them, and groom them as men do horses, but during the nine months they are in milk, they never change their situation. They live upon six square feet each; yet their skins. are always sleek and silky, they are fat and beautiful. The moment they become dry they are sold to the butcher, for whom they are highly fit. The owner has a man or two travelling about the country, purchasing new ones coming into milk; the owner too keeps a farm, which the cows' ma Concord, August 10. The following article is copied from the Georgick Papers for 1807; it may probably be inter-nure enables him to dress well. In this way the esting to some of our readers. On Feeding and Fattening Swine. I was not long since at the house of a farmer in a neighboring town, and was pleased with his method of feeding and fattening his swine on potatoes boiled by steam. It was expeditious, simple and cheap. business goes on like clock work, it being but secondary to his weaving trade, and has gone on for eight years; no bustle, no confusion; and he sells his grass milk for half the price the Londoners sell the nauseous mixture, though land is dearer around Glasgow than around London. FINE ARTS. SCOTTISH MUSIC. Near the hog's pen, was a small brick frame built on the ground, five or six feet in length, open at one end to receive the fuel, and closed at the other, except a small chimney to convey the smoke. An In this musical age, says the New-York Courier, iron pot containing about ten quarts was set in the our readers will, no doubt, be gratified by the frame and filled with water. A barrel, with the following original letter from the celebrated bottom perforated with holes, to admit the steam, Dr. Franklin to lord Kaims, with which we have was placed over the pot and filled with potatoes. been favoured by an "Amateur of Pastoral MeThe head was placed on the top, and the edges. lody." The letter is dated June 2, 1762. covered with a little clay mortar to retain the In my passage to America I had your excellent steam, and some of it put round the bottom of the work, the "Elements of Criticism," in which I barrel for the same purpose. A small quantity of found great entertainment. I only wished you had fuel is sufficient to boil a barrel.-They are boil-examined more fully the subject of music; and ed altogether by the steam which rises and per-demonstrated that the pleasure which artists feel vades the whole mass, washes them clean and extracts from the skin, that bitter quality which is tasted when they are boiled in water, and the whole washing of the potatoes settles as a sediment in the pot, and appears of the color and consistency of tar, after the water is evaporated. When they are sufficiently boiled, it is known by the steam lifting the cover and issuing out at the edges. They are then taken out, clean and mealy, with a shovel, put into a large tub and worked with meal or bran and put into the troughs. Half a bushel of Indian meal is used with a barrel of potatoes. Ten or twelve large hogs in fine order, consumed this quantity daily. in hearing much of that composed in the modern taste, is not the natural pleasure arising from me. lody or harmony of sounds, but of the same kind with the pleasure we feel on seeing the surprising feats of tumblers and rope-dancers who perform difficult things. For my part, I take this to be the real case, and suppose it the reason why those un practised in music, and therefore unacquainted with those difficulties, have little or no pleasure in hearing this music: many pieces of it are mere composition of tricks. I have sometimes at a concert, attended by a common audience, unpractised in music, placed myself so as to see all their faces, and observed no signs of pleasure in them during The above method is also undoubtedly the best a great part of what was admired by the performfor preparing this common and very useful root ers themselves; while a plain old Scotch tune, for the table, as thereby the bitter and unwhole-which they disdained, and could scarcely be presome quality of the skin is extracted, which cannot be wholly separated from it when boiled in water, and by its great dryness in this way, it becomes a more salutary absorbant, and palatable. Improved Cow-house. In Glasgow, one of the curiosities shown, to strang ers, and one of the greatest curiosities in Britain, is a cow-house, set up on his own plan, by a Mr. Buchannan, an old but a very skilful and successful master weaver. In this cow-house are kept constantly about 300 cows, in the neatest, most clean and healthy order. The house (one room) is a square building, the roof supported in the centre by iron pillars. The floor is boarded, washed clean and sanded. Small long stages, a bout a foot above the floor, are erected, each containing perhaps 20 cows. These stages are just as wide as the cow is long, and behind the cow is a trough to carry away what falls from it. They vailed on to play, gave manifest and general delight. Give me leave, on this occasion, to extend a little the sense of your position,—“ That melody and harmony are separately agreeable, and in union delightful;" and, to give it as my opinion, that the reason why the Scotch tunes have lived so long, and (if they escape being stifled in modern affected ornament) will probably live forever, is merely this-that they are really compositions of melody and harmony united, or rather, that their melody is harmony: Imean the simple tunes sung by a single voice. As this will appear paradoxical, I must explain my meaning. In common acceptation, an agreeable succession of sounds is called melody, and the co-existence of agreeable sounds, harmony. But since the memory is capable of retaining for some moments a perfect idea of the pitch of a past sound, so as to com pare with the pitch of a succeeding sound, and judge truly of their agreement or disagreement, there may, and does arise from thence, a sense of|| operas, exclusive of that arising from the scenery harmony between the present and past sounds, and dancing. I am, &c. equally pleasing with that between two present sounds. Now the construction of the old Scotch tunes is this: that almost every succeeding emphatical note is a third, a fifth, an octave, or, in short, some note that is in concord with the preceding note: thirds are chiefly used which are very concords. I use the word emphatical, to distinguish those notes which have a stress laid on them in singing the tune, from the lighter connecting notes, that serve merely, like grammar articles in common speech, to tack the whole together. That we have a most perfect idea of a sound just past, I might appeal to all acquainted with inusic; who know how easy it is to repeat a sound in the same pitch with one heard. In tuning an instrument, a good ear can easily determine, that two strings are in unison, by sounding them separately, as by sounding them together: their disagreement is also as easily, I believe I may say more easily, and better distinguished, when sounding separately; for when sounded together, though you know by the beating that one is higher than the other, you cannot tell which it is. I have ascribed to memory the ability of comparing the pitch of a present tone with that of one past. But if there should be (as possibly there be) something in the ear similar to what we find in the eye, that ability would not be entirely owing to memory. Possibly the vibrations given to the auditory nerves by a particular sound, may actually continue some time after the cause of these vibrations is past, and the agreement or disagreement of a subsequent sound become by comparison with then more discernible. Farther; when we consider by whom these ancient tunes were composed, and how they were first performed, we shall see that such harmonical succession of sounds was natural, and even necessary, in their construction. They were composed by the minstrels of those days, to be played on the harp, accompained by the voice. The harp was strung with wire, which gives a sound of long continuance, and had no contrivance like that of the modern harpsicord, by which the sound of the preceding could be stopt, the moment a succeeding note began To avoid actual discord, it was therefore necessary, that the succeeding emphatic note should be a chord with the preceding, as their sounds must exist at || the same time. Hence arose that beauty in those tunes which has so long pleased, and will please forever, though men scarce know why. That they were originally composed for the harp, and that of the most simple kind, (I mean a harp without any half notes, but those in the natural scale, and with no more than two octaves of strings, from CC) I conjecture from another cir cumstance, which is, that not one of those tunes really ancient, has a single artificial note in it; and that in tunes where it was most convenient for the voice to use the middle notes of the harp, and place the key in F, there the B, which, if used, should be a B flat, is always omitted, by passing over it with a third. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. National Bank Notes.-We understand the notes for the Bank of the United States, are to be executed, in part, by Messrs. Tanner, Kearny, and Tiebout, whose standard, or end ornaments, it is said, possess the quality, in a pre-eminent degree, of being extremely difficult of imitation, as the figures of which they are composed are produced by white parallel lines, arranged with exact geometrical precision, thereby making the most singular and beautiful figures. The great labour and experience necessary in executing these ornaments, together with the dif ficulty of counterfeiting them, must render them a valuable addition to the ordinary engraving on bank bills and other important papers. [Poulson's Daily Adv. LITERARY NOTICE. From the New-York Advocate. NEW PUBLICATION. The History of the late War, by Gilbert J. Hunt. This work is written in the scriptural style, and has originality, as well as merit, to recommend it. It is a faithful chronicle of events, told in a plain, concise, and trite manner-commencing with the President's message, and ending with the peace of Ghent. Com. Decatur's expedition against Algiers forms also a species of episode of about twenty pages. It is embellished with a frontispiece of Gen. Jackson, and has, besides, several engravings, in wood, such as Perry's and M'Donough's victories and the battle of New-Orleans; the latter particularly beautiful, and more resembling copperplate than any thing we have before seen executed on wood. These engravings are by Garrit || Lansing, of this city. The simplicity of the scriptural style is maintained throughout; and the short verses or sentences are calculated to make an impression on the memory more than a regular narrative, told in the usual manner. We should consider it a valuable book for schools, and calculated to give a knowledge of events to youths which might lead them to inquiry and more serious reading. The spirit of the writer is truly American; and he interests by a vein of originality, humour, and pathos throughout his narrative. We transcribe the 54th chapter; which treats of the grand battle of New-Orleans: 1 Now, Pakenham, the chief captain of the host of Britain, made an end of addressing the officers and soldiers of the king: 2 And it came to pass, in the one thousand eight hundred and fifteenth year of the Christian era, in the first month of the year, and on the eighth day of the month; 3 Being on the Sabbath day, (which, as it is written in the holy scriptures, THOU SHALT REMEMBER AND KEEP HOLY,) The connoisseur in modern music will say I have no taste; but I cannot help adding, that I believe our ancestors, in hearing a good song, distinctly 4 That the mighty army of the king, which articulated, sung to one of those tunes, and accom-had moved out of the strong ships of Britain, panied by the harp, felt more real pleasure than came in their strength, to make conquest of the is communicated by the generality of modern territory of Columbia, which lieth to the south; |