THE

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

A

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL

INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME XV

ITALY to KYSHTYM

NEW YORK

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY

1911

AE

5
E36

1910a
V. 15

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1911,

by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

A. A. M.

A. B. D.

A. C. S.

A. D.

A. E. S.

A. F. P.

A. G.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XV. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

ARTHUR ANTHONY MACDONELL, M.A., PH.D.

Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford. Keeper of the Indian
Institute. Fellow of Balliol College; Fellow of the British Academy. Author of
A Vedic Grammar; A History of Sanskrit Literature; Vedic Mythology; &c.
REV. ANDREW B. DAVIDSON, D.D.

See the biographical article: DAVIDSON, A. B.

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See the biographical article: SWINBURNE, A. C.

HENRY AUSTIN DOBSON, LL.D.

See the biographical article: DOBSON, H. AUSTIN.
ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, M.A., F.R.S., D.Sc.

Kalidasa.

Job (in part).

{Keats (in part).

Kauffmann, Angelica.

Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Kinorhyncha.
Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.Soc.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls'

College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893- Jewel, John.
1901. Lothian Prizeman (Oxford), 1892; Arnold prizeman, 1898. Author of

England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.

MAJOR ARTHUR GEORGE FREDERICK GRIFFITHS (d. 1908).

H.M. Inspector of Prisons, 1878-1896. Author of The Chronicles of Newgate; Juvenile Offenders (in part).
Secrets of the Prison House; &c.

Keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in the British Museum. Jewelry.
Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of Catalogue
of Greek Sculpture in the British Museum; &c.

Superintendent of the Picture Galleries, Indian and Colonial Exhibition, 1887. Ivory.
Cantor Lecturer, 1906. Founder and first editor of the Downside Review. Author
of Ivories; &c.

Scotch advocate. Author of John Knox; Law of Creeds in Scotland; Studies in Knox, John.
Scottish History; &c.

1A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

V