to the real theme of the book, the author devotes three chapters to the discussion of the kindred doctrines of the legality of agreements not to practice professions or trades. engage in business or accept employment.

It is from the beginning of Chapter V that Mr. Spelling treads an almost unbeaten path, applying in that chapter in an original manner an old principle to the modern methods of suppressing competition, known as "cornering markets" and "tying up stocks."

Chapter VI treats of combinations among artisans and workingmen—a timely discussion only, though a brief one.

Chapter VIII gives the application of the rule of public policy to contracts for the suppression of competition in public service, agreements, says the author, fraught with serious import to the community.

This is aptly followed up in the next chapter by a discussion upon municipal grants and privileges until, in Chapter XII, monopolies in the form of "trusts" are dealt with, succeeded by a history of anti-monopoly legislation in the United States,a species of law-making, which the author laments as a futile and almost abortive attempt to curb the power of such combinations.

As a work of more than ordinary merit, Mr. SPELLING'S book deserves a place upon the desk of every progressive lawyer. A. D. L.

SHARP & ALLEMAN'S LAWYERS' AND BANKERS' DIrectory FOR 1894, JANUARY EDITION, PUBLISHED SEMI-ANNUALLY IN JANUARY AND JULY. Philadelphia: Sharp & Alleman, 1894.

The utility of this work, and the care with which it is prepared, are well known to the profession. The volume before us is divided into five parts: The first is a lawyer's directory, containing the names of over 7,500 lawyers throughout the United States and Canada and the principal cities of Europe. These lawyers, who have been, as far as we can ascertain, selected with a good deal of care, will

collect debts, etc., for the terms mentioned on one of the front pages of the book. Part two, is a full list of the banks and bankers, together with their capital, surplus and names of officers and correspondents. The list includes all the national, State, savings and private banks, safe deposit, trust and guarantee companies in the United States. Part three is a complete court calender giving the dates, times and places for holding all State and Federal Courts throughout the country. Part four is a synopsis arranged according to the laws of all the States and Territories relative to the collection of debts. Part five is a list of forms for the acknowledgment of deeds, affidavits for proving public accounts, and instructions for taking depositions in all the States and Territories. Part six is a "Telegraph Code," a system by which one can send a long message at very small cost. It is divided into three parts: Part one, being for the use of merchants and the commercial traveller. Part two, for the use of attorney and client. Part three, for general use.

This outline statement of what the work contains is sufcient to prove its value to the profession.

The value of all such publications depends upon the care and accuracy with which they are done. As we have said, so far as we have had occasion to use the directory, we have found it satisfactory. W. D. L.

Manuel For INSPECTORS OF ELECTION, POLL Clerks, Ballot Clerks and VOTERS OF THE STATE of New York (Except IN THE CITIES Of New York AND BROOKLYN) for Use at ELECTIONS AND on Registration DAYS. Compiled from Existing Laws of the State of New York and the United States with Amendments to Date, with Notes, Forms and Instructions. By F. G. JEWETT. Albany: Matthew Bender, 1893.

This work, of course, is not useful outside of New York. For the voters in that State, who are inflicted with the caricature of a Ballot Reform Act, it must be very useful, as it contains the qualifications of election officers, registration

laws, forms of the ballot used, together with a synopsis of what is meant by citizenship. The index seems to be very complete. W. D. L.

LAWYERS REPORTS ANNOTATED. BOOKS XIX AND XX Rochester, N. Y.: The Lawyers' Co-operative Publishing Company, 1893.

XIX and XX L. R. A., are lying upon the reviewer's table and have been subjected to a careful examination. The general plan of this excellent periodical is too well known to the profession to make necessary an extended comment in this place. Whether or not there is a real need for a periodical which, like the L. R. A., publishes not only annotations and a synopsis of the briefs of counsel, but also the full text of the decisions of the courts, is a question about which lawyers differ. In view of the admirable system of Reports of the West Publishing Company, it should seem that the L. R. A. would be more acceptable to the profession if the cases and opinions were summarized or digested, instead of being reported at length, and the periodical were to confine itself to the publication of briefs and annotations. Under present conditions no publication of selected cases can ever be what the L. R. A. claims to be, namely: "A complete working library of text work and reports." A lawyer, with an important brief to write, will look up the cases which he is citing and read the opinions, not resting satisfied with the summary statement of the decision as contained in an annotation or digest. He is accordingly saved but little trouble by the circumstance that one case out of, say, fifty cited is reported in full in the L. R. A.

However, this may be, the plan of the work is certainly well carried out. The cases are carefully selected; many of the briefs are extremely valuable and the annotations are often replete with learning and suggestion. In Book XIX the reader will find a valuable collection of authorities in the briefs of counsel in Genet v. Delaware & Hudson Canal Co., an interesting decision by the New York Court of Appeals in regard to the effect of a mining lease containing stipulations

with respect to merchantable coal and the mining of a minimum number of tons. In the same volume Kelly v. Nichols (p. 413), a decision of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, is of more than usual interest. It deals with the subject of trusts for charitable uses, and discusses, inter alia, whether a trust to repair the grave of the testator and to keep the testator's house open for the entertainment of ministers are or are not charitable uses.

In Book XX there are two interesting cases which deal with the ultra vires contracts of private corporations. The first is Leinkauf . Lombard (p. 48; 137 N. Y. 417), in which the Court of Appeals of New York decide that a corporation cannot successfully set up the defence of ultra vires to avoid responsibility upon a contract growing out of a business in which it is actually engaged. The second case is Miller v. American Mutual Accident Insurance Company (p. 765), in which the Supreme Court of Tennessee seem to give their adherence to the older and less practical rule that a contract of a corporation in the exercise of its powers cannot be enforced merely because the corporation has received a benefit under it which, in fairness, it ought not to retain. To this latter case an annotation is appended, in the course of which the writer, “A. P. W.," examines a large number of decisions which bear upon the subject-matter of the principal case. The note is a valuable note, although, in so far as it treats of the English authorities, it is not an improvement upon POLLOCK's note upon the same subject in the appendix to his work on Contracts a note, which, by the way, A. P. W. might have cited, as it seems not unlikely that he made use of it in preparing his annotation. The American cases upon ultra vires contracts are satisfactorily digested, but the order in which they are discussed seems to be neither the historical order nor an order founded upon an exhaustive analysis of the subject in hand. The collection, however, is upon the whole a valuable one, although it should have contained a statement of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Central Transportation Company v. Pullman Palace Car Company, in 130 U. S. 24 (1890).

In the same volume is the case of Saxton v. Webber, decided by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin (p. 509; 83 Wis. 617). This case gives occassion to a useful annotation upon the effect upon prior takers of the failure of a gift because it violates the rule against perpetuities. A large number of authoritics are classified and arranged under a serics of propositions representing generalizations from the decisions. It must be observed, however, that an annotation upon such a subject, no matter how carefully it is prepared, furnishes a proof of the impossibility of carrying out the plan of the L. R. A. in its completeness. It is said that "the annotations are intended to furnish a reference to all former decisions on subjects discussed in the cases reported,” but the reader of this annotation (if he happens to be especially familiar with the subject-matter of it) will notice that many important cases are not even cited. Thus, there is a failure to cite Odell v. Odell (10 Allen, 1), and Martin v. Margham (14 Sim., 230), in support of the proposition that “That annexation to a valid devise of an invalid direction as to accumulations of income will not of itself defeat the gift."

It is impossible to comment at length upon all the decisions and annotations contained in these two volumes which are worthy of remark, and the reviewer is constrained to dismiss them with the general comment that the books represent useful additions to the working library of the practitioner.

G. W. P.

THE RELATION OF ETHICS TO JURISPRUDENCE.

The current number of the "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS" cannot fail to attract the attention of members of the legal profession. Among the articles of interest are those on "The Social Ministry of Wealth," by Prof. HENRY C. Adams, of the University of Michigan; "State Creation of Old Age Distress in England," by Dr. M. J. FARKELLY, of London; and book reviews of WATT's "An Outline of Legal Philosophy," by SIDNEY BALL, of Oxford University, and of the Report of the New York State Reformatory, by ROLAND P. FALKNER, of the University of Pennsylvania.