Boston, July 22, 1845, and sailed from New York September 17, 1845. She, like the "Edith," was chartered by the Government, transferred to the Navy Department, and sent to California. During the Civil War her engines were taken out, and she was refitted as a storeship and renamed the "Farallones." After the war she was sold in San Francisco, and renamed the "Alaska," and was engaged in carrying wheat from that port to Liverpool. Pictures of both the "Edith" and the "Massachusetts" are in the Naval Library and Institute at Charlestown.

In the Boston "Daily Advertiser" appeared the following: "The first Stars and Stripes were raised in California, at San Diego, by Captain James P. Arther, when mate of the ship 'Brookline,' in the latter part of 1829. The flag was ranufactured from shirts, and Captain Arther writes, with the accuracy of a historian, that Mr. George W. Greene's calico shirt furnished the blue, while he furnished the red and white. The same flag was afterwards frequently raised at Santa Barbara."

Mr. Ed E. Dunbar, in "The Discovery of Gold in California," writes: "In 1842 Commodore Jones, of the United States Navy, impressed that the United States were at war with Mexico, took possession of Monterey, hoisted the 'Stars and Stripes' there, and proclaimed California a Territory of the United States. Discovering his mistake the next day, he hauled down our Flag, and made such apology as the circumstances would admit."

The Flag was officially raised in California by Commodore Sloat, at Monterey, July 7, 1846, and at San Francisco, by Commander Montgomery of the sloop-of-war "Portsmouth," July 8, 1846.

Hoisted by Lieutenant Lynch, for the first time in Palestine, March 31, 1848; displayed on the Sea of Galilee, April 8, 1848, and on the Dead Sea, April 19, 1848.

Planted by Lieutenant Stone on the loftiest peak of Mount Popocatepetl, Mexico, at an altitude estimated from 17,720 to 18,362 feet, April 11, 1848.

A party of nine officers, thirty soldiers, and two sailors started the ascent of Mount Orizaba, Mexico, where man had never trod before, but only three Army officers and two Navy officers succeeded in reaching the summit, where at an altitude of 17,300 feet they raised the American Flag in May, 1848. A correspondent of the New Orleans "Delta" wrote concerning this feat: "On the highest pinnacle of the frozen summit of Orizaba waves the StarSpangled Banner! So you can tell Mr. Polk, his Cabinet, and

all Congress assembled, that they may pass what laws they please, make treaties, and the Mexicans issue pronunciamentos, but still will the American Flag wave over their country; for who will go up to pull it down?"

The American ensign was first displayed in Japan on the landing of Commodore M. C. Perry at Uraga, on the bay of Jeddo, in July, 1853. In its cluster were twenty-nine stars.

In 1856, after the Crimean War, and Sebastopol was opened to all nations, the first vessel to enter its port was the American ship "Troy," with the Stars and Stripes flying.

Raised by Dr. I. I. Hayes in lat. 80° 25', long. 70° 30′ W. (the most northern land that had been reached), May 18, 1861.

"On the 4th of July, 1879, Lieutenant Frederick Schwatka, U. S. Army, on his remarkable sledge expedition of 3,251 statute miles, unfurled for the first time at Cape Felix, King Williams Land, a United States Flag, which is now deposited in the Museum of the United States Military Service Institution on Governor's Island." (Army and Navy Journal, November 6, 1880)

The first Flag after its establishment in 1818 was made by Mrs. S. C. Reid, of New York, and hoisted on the flagstaff of the House of Representatives, April 14, 1818.

Protection of the Flag.

Section 310 of our Penal Code provides

That any person, firm or corporation, who, in any manner, for exhibition or display, puts, places, or causes to be placed, an inscription, picture, device, design, symbol, name, advertisement, word, letter, character, mark or notice of any kind whatsoever, upon any flag of the United States, or ensign evidently purporting to be such flag, or who in any manner appends, annexes or affixes to any such flag any inscription, picture, device, symbol, name, advertisement, word, letter, character, mark or notice whatsoever, or who displays or exhibits, or causes to be displayed or exhibited, any flag of the United States or ensign purporting to be such flag, upon which is put, attached, annexed, affixed or placed in any manner, any inscription, picture, design, device, symbol, name, advertisement, word, letter, mark or notice whatsoever, or who mutilates, tramples upon, or otherwise defaces or defiles any such flag, said flag, be public or private property, or who places or causes to be placed on any manufactured or prepared article or covering of said article, such flag, or indication

of such flag, or who uses or causes to be used for purposes of a commercial or other trade-mark, such flag, or indication of such flag, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both, for each and every offense, in the county jail of the county in which the trial is held; provided, however, that flags, or ensigns, the property of and used in the service of the United States, or any state, territory or District of Columbia, may have inscriptions, names of actions, battles, skirmishes, or words, marks or symbols, which are placed thereon pursuant to law or authorized regulations; provided, further, that this act shall not apply to banners or flags carried by military or patriotic organizations existing under the laws of the State of California and the United States of America, or to flags used in theatrical performances, or to flags carried by political parties, or organizations, in parades, or in public meetings. [Approved March 18, 1909; Stats. 1909, p. 401]

The State Flag.

By an act approved February 3, 1911, the Bear Flag was selected and adopted as the State Flag of California. The flag is thus described:

"The said bear flag shall consist of a flag of a length equal to one and one half the width thereof; the upper five-sixth of the width thereof to be a white field, and the lower sixth of the width thereof to be a red stripe; there shall appear in the white field in the upper left hand corner a single red star, and at the bottom of the white field the words 'California Republic,' and in the center of the white field a California grizzly bear upon a grass plat, in the position of walking towards the left of the said field; said bear shall be dark brown in color and in length, equal to one third of the length of said flag."