and overflowing audience, &c. &c. will it this evening in a much better style. be repeated again! It is time that this Yet, however, he does not entirely low and quibbling practice should be please us; he is an English not a Spaexposed: and that managers should nish lover. He has not dignity, haube taught their duty, which, as it is to teur, and reserve enough: he is a gay, please the public, should suffer the jolly, volatile, suspicious, and boister public to know what does please them, ous gallant: but Felix ought to he and not insult them first, by forcing none of these-his is a dignified and upon them a piece which had been feeling psssion-his reproaches are condemned, and then implicating sarcastic, not rude-his jealousy is their judguient by false declarations, at the bottom of their bills.

tender, not impertinent. Mr. Elliston certainly loses sight of these traits, and gives us a plain English suitor in their stead.

We have heard that this gentleman has received a liberal education; but we should be almost tempted to doubt it, when we hear him coutinually using

66

We never remember to have seen any thing more ridiculous than this afterpiece: and all the absurdities of a modern opera were outdone by the introduction of two watchmen with lanthorns who alternately cry their rounds, and take a part in a serenade with a ser- was you, &c." This error too, we vant girl, (Mrs. Bland) out of the par- noticed in Mrs. Jordan. It is nothing lour window, her two young ladies at to say that Mrs. Centlivre has written the balcony, an officer and his corporal thus; we certainly think it an actor's in the street! province (when he is capable) to We are naturally led to enquire amend the verbal inaccuracies of his who has the decision of pieces offered author. Neither do we subscribe to to this theatre. Certainly they have Mr. Elliston's pronunciation of chamgiven us most convincing proofs of ber with the vowel long, or of the their utter want of judgment and verb to consummate, with the accent common sense. Faulkner Something upon the first syllable. This actor to Do-Time's a Tell-tale-In and out too has a mighty ridiculous custom of of Tune-are vouchers for their powers shaking the door to and fro with great of discrimination-and to these we banging, &c. when he intends to enmay add Kais, whose existence is owing ter in a passion, in order that the au entirely to the painter and the musi- dience may be prepared for a terrible cian. It has, indeed, become now so frown and much fury when he enters. common a thing, that whenever we These are petty adjuncts which a good go to see a new play or afterpiece at performer should avoid. this theatre, we go with a decided con- Mr. Palmer played Gibby, but he sciousness of seeing and hearing some- had neither the accent, action, nor thing worse than a half drunken bal- the gait of a Scotchman. Bannister lad-maker could possibly compose. in Lissardo, and Miss Pope, in Flora, While such persons, (whoever they were excellent; but we should prefer are, for we profess not to know either to see Miss Duncan in Violente. their names or functions) are the de- The afterpiece was forced upon the puted caterers for the public enter- audience amid continual hissings. tainment, we entreat them never to Monday, March 14. West IndianYeuture to think for themselves, but Rosina. The tragedy of Mary Queen to suffer the sterling dramatic pro- of Scots, which was to have been perductions, whose merits revolving formed this evening, was postponed, years have ascertained, to be per- on account of the death of Mr. Sidformed, until some person is found dons. Mr. and Mrs. H. Siddons being not absolutely without judgment. to play the principal characters. ComThursday, March 10. The Wonder paratively speaking, the comedy of -In and Out of Tune. We know not the West Indian is, in every respect, whether Mr. Elliston has paid atten- better performed at this house than at tion to our strictures upon his per- the other, Elliston in Belcour, comformance of Don Felix (See Unio. Mag. vol. 8, p. 515) or whether his own good sense has enabled him to amend his faults;, but so it is, that he performed

pared to Mr. Jones, is gold to drossit is a most finished performance. Miss Duncan is certainly superior to Mrs. C. Kemble, in Charlotte Rusport;

but Miss Norton and Mrs. Mattocks played Deloille for the first time, and must be allowed to bear away the was well received. He is certainly an palm from Miss Boyce and Mrs. acquisition, for he can speak as well Sparks, in Louisa Dudley and Lady as sing. He introduced the Thorn, Rusport. Miss Boyce indeed was ina- but he reminded us of Incledon, only nity itself. Mr. Johnstone played Ma- to regret him. Mrs. Da Ponte still jer Flaherty with that richness which retains the breeches, (in William) he alone can give to Irish characters, though not to her personal advantage: In the afterpiece, Mr. I. Smith but she sang prettily.

THE

THE NEW PATENTS.

Mr. SPEERS', for a new Method of pu- tion; and, finally, I rack off the clear rifying, refining, and improving Fish infusion into another vessel. Then and other Oils, and concerting the mixing in equal quantities the oil and unrefined Parts to various Uses. infusion, in a copper boiler, I apply THE Patentee describes the prin- heat thereto, until the mixture boils, ciple of his invention as being to shaking the said mixture violently separate the impurities from the oil, from the beginning of the application and thereby improve the qualities. of heat, as aforesaid, not only until The manner of its performance, he the boiling degree of heat is acquired, lays down as follows "I add to the oil but also for some time afterwards, required to be refined a quantity of until I judge the mixture of the oil a solution or infusion of tannin, or and infusion sufficiently effected; selumach which I obtain from some towards producing which, I employ a substance or matter, containing the machine in the nature of a churn, same, as one of its constituent prin- or agitator, which may be variously ciples, such as the bark of oak, alder, formed, and applied, according to chesnut, birch, willow, or elm, or the circumstances, at the will of the operoot of tormentil, or other sorts of rator. The necessary period of agitabark, roots, wood, or vegetables, which tion must depend also upon circumcontain tannin, gall-nuts, Japan earth, stances, such as the quality of the oil or catechu; or else I use artificial to be refined, the degree of violence in tannin, prepared from various mine- agitation, and the heat of the mixture; rals, described by Charles Hatchet, in which latter point, though I use Esq; or, I use some matter or substance and recommend boiling heat, I do not capable of being employed in the describe that, or any degree of heat as tanning of leather, and of which the being absolutely essential, by reason solution, infusion, or decoction will that the general purpose may be cfcoagulate a solution of animal glue, fected whilst the mixture is cold, proor gelatine, these being the tests of vided sufficient agitation, by mechasuch matter or substance being capa- nical means, be employed; agitation ble of purifying oils, according to my of some sort, being absolutely necesinvention. But the several before sary to effect the mixture. I recommentioned substances not being all of mend also, that during the boiling and them equally economical, or fit for the agitation a portion of cold water, capapurpose intended, nor equally easy to ble of lowering the temperature, be be procured in sufficient quantities, I poured in gradually. This may be therefore prefer the bark of oak for done at the end of a quarter of an hour, making the solution, by means of or half an hour, (more or less) conwhich, the refinement of the oil is to tinuing the boiling or agitation, afterbe effected. In doing this, I take a wards, for the same period (more or quantity of soft water, equal to that of less). When I conceive the mixture the oil required to be refined, in which to be sufficiently agitated, I run it off Linfase, for a cousiderable time (one into another vessel, which I call the or more days) about a tenth-part of its weight of oak bark, chopped or g. ound small: and, during the time of infusion, I frequently agitate the same, for the purpose of accelerating the solu

settling vessel, where I let it subside, until the oil, being separated from the grounds, and tannin liquor and water, it becomes bright, at which time the unrefined parts will appear at the bot

tom of the oil, and upon the surface of whereby a viscous matter is formed, the tannin liquor and water (that is which is no longer soluble in cold between both); after which I rack or water, and which, being heavier than draw off the oil into other vessels, for pure oil, subsides to the bottom, and, sale or use, If the oil is not suffici- being lighter than water, swims upon ently purified, after having undergone the surface of the tannin infusion, the above process, i repeat it, with that is between both, as above mengreater or less quantities of the tannin tioned.

infusion, agitation and heat, as the Of the said unrefined parts, when case may require. And though i have, proceeding from fish oils, or other for the sake of example, mentioned animal oils, I make cement, by mixing certain quantities of oak bark and the same with quick-lime, or gypsum, water to be used, proportioned to the and, by the like mixture, I make. oil to be refined, yet other quantities plaister, or stucco. And I also employ may, and do, answer the purpose: the the said unrefined parts towards mak

antities depending upon the quality ing paints and varnishes, for various of the oil to be refined, and other ci- purposes, using therewith, in their cumstances, which can only be judged composition, proper colouring or other of from experience, and by the saga- matters, adapted to the making of city of the operator. But with com- paints and varnishes respectively. Also, mon whale or seal oil, and good oak by using the said unrefined parts, inbark, the quantities above specified stead of linseed oil, I make putty, will produce the desired effect; and adding the other ingredients usual though I have recommended cak bark, and fit for that purpose. And the for its comparative cheapness, and the said unrefined parts, being insoluble facility of procuring it in large quan- in water, I employ as an in gredient tities, there are several of the above with others, in the making blac mentioned substances, particularly king for leather, towards renderthe catechu, gall-nut, and shumach, ing the same capable of resisting the which contain more tannin, and penetration of water; and this insolutherefore might operate better, or bility in water, makes the said unremore expeditiously, than oak bark. fined parts peculiarty applicable to It is farther to be noted, that the the several purposes above enumeratquantities of the water employed to ed; but the same existing in the mumake the infusion of tannin, and the cilaginous parts of vegetable oils in a quantity of the tannin substance, are much less degree than in the gelatinot determinate respectively, but nous parts of fish oils, I prefer the use mutually admit of variations, and that of the latter, though the residue of infusions in warm water, or even de- vegetable oils may be used with some coctions may be used, though I prefer effect in all or any of the above 'de. the cold infusion. I recommend, to- scribed processes. wards the farther purification of the oil, after it has been separated from the grounds, that it should be again agitated for a considerable time, in warm or hot water, or a weak tanni MIIS new system of construction infusion, also warm or hot, and then and the principles of operation suffered to settle again, when a farther are rendered conformale to the foldeposit will commonly take place, lowing maxims and explanation.from which the clear oil must be 1, The cannon, or gun-carriage, is reracked or drawn off, as before. In re- duced so as to occupy the least possigard to the use to be made of the un- ble space, and to present the least refined parts of the oil, it is to be ob- surface to the action of the fire of the served, that during the process of enemy.-2, For the security of the agitation, the particles of the tannin, gun-carriage in time of action, when by a chemical attraction unite with employed for sea service, ar as marine the gelatinous, or mucilaginous mat- or fort artillery, it is covered from the ters contained in the oil, according to fire of the enemy by the gun and fulthe respective natures thereof, and crum, and is by construction rendered lay hold of the other impurities, permanent, and always true to the

Mr. MICHAEL LOGAN'S, Rotherhithe, for a System of Marine, Fort, and Field Artillery.

TH

centre of the port or embrasure. the carriage. Fifthly, the bolster or 3. The recoil or re-action of a cannon head bearing, and the legs which are is performed within the carriage itself, united and combined in construction and can be diminished or encreased at by the tie or span-iron, parallel to the pleasure.-4, The horizontal range, base of the carriage. Sixthly, the and the elevation or depression of centre-pin and fore-staple, which is cannon in time of action are correctly fixed by strong bolts to the lower sill performed, with security to those em- of the embrasure. Seventhly, the ployed in the operation of this artil- train-post and swifter, by which one lery-5, The gun-carriage contains man only is enabled to give the heathe least quantity of materials of which viest artillery or piece of ordnance its it can be made, and the strongest for- horizontal range with a steady unitification against the effects of either form motion, and to sustain it with the shot or shells. These are the maxims greatest care in any assigned position, observed in the construction; after either upon the deck of a line of battle which follow the description and ex- ship, or other ship of war, or on the planations of the nature of the inven- platform of a battery in time of action, which consists of the following tion. parts. First, the body of the carriage, It is necessary to observe, that Mr. which may be made of wood, iron, or. Logan in his exemplification limitsother metal. Secondly, the fulcrum himself to a description that applies made of cast-iron, and which supports to a thirty-two pounder: and having the piece of ordnance, or cannon by explained the construction and appliits trunnions upon the carriage, either cation of this system of artillery, as by a single cylinder, or by two paral employed in marine and fort service, lel cylinders, in a horizontal position he says it is his intention to con upon iron axles. Thirdly, the train struct and bring into practice, such a bar and cylinder with the gun-screws set of wheels as shall receive the carand bed of the caseable, which in time riage before described, with its ordof action elevate or depress the breech nauce already mounted, so that the of the cannon, or in other words, de- same artillery may at any time, or on termine the position of the gun's axis, any occasion of necessity, be taken to the plane of the horizon. Fourthly, either from the deck of a ship of war, the recoil-chain with its fore roller, or from thelatform of a battery, and chain, staple, and butt-pinion, fixed brought to action in the service of the on iron axles, in the front and butt of field.

ROYAL INSTITUTION

TRANSACTIONS OF LEARNED & ECONOMICAL SOCIETIES. in the same manner as metals. He Correction of the Account of Mr. Davy's also mentioned that the specific graDecomposition of fixed Alcalis, and vity of the basis of soda, was to that other particulars respecting this pro- of water, as 9 to 10, instead of as 7

cess.

MR. DAVY stated that the basis of

to 10.

Messrs. Pepys and Allen have repot-ash is volatile at a heat a peated Mr. Davy's experiments with a little below redness, instead of at 100, large galvanic apparatus, consisting asserted in the former account; and of 120 pairs of plates of 36 inches surthat the amalgam of the basis of pot face each, containing near seven hunash and mercury dissolved gold, silver, dred- weight of metal. The solid and platina, without mentioning that caustic pot-ash was used, moistened a galvanic battery was used in aiding by the breath. The metalloid obits operation, Elis statement with re- tained was highly inflammable, and gard to glass was, that the basis of pot swam in rectified neptha, but was ash decomposed it by combining with with difficulty separated from the potits alkali, and by forming a red oxide ash, in which it was plentifully imof a less degree of oxigenation than bedded, after being exposed to the pot-ash, which, oxide was also pro action of the galvanic battery, Water cured by other means; and not that it being dropped upon it, made the parwas dissolved by the basis of pot-ash ticles explode like grains of gun-pow UNIVERSAL MAG, VOL. IX. 2 G

der thrown into the fire. The metalloid obtained from soda, is not so infammable as that from pot-ash, and therefore can be more easily collected. A globule of it about the size of a small tara, thrown on moistened paper became instantly red hot. Mr. Allen has also obtained both the metalloids, by four troughs of 50 pairs of plates, each of sixteen inches surface.

F

NORFOLK AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. ROM the late report on the economical mode of feeding Horses and Cows, it appears that J. C. Curwen, Esq. M.P. for Carlisle raises on his farm at Workington, in Cumberland, of only 500 acres, great crops of clover (35 or 36 tons, in its green state, per acre), and maintains 140 horses (employed in working his extensive collieries) on forty acres of land, when by the general method 280 acres would be required: and besides these horses (which are very healthy and in excellent working order), Mr. Curwen'maintains constantly between 20 and 30 cows, in order to supply the inhabitants of Workington (consisting of 8000 perso-s) with milk, at Id. per quart, wine measure.

Cumberland is a county by no means favourable to agriculture, but by artificial farming, and by Economy, M. Curwen performs, what the Secretary justly considers as, Wonders in Agriculture."

"Mr. Curwen feeds all his horses, by day, upon steamed potatoes, with cut straw, and bruised oats mixed with them, and with uncut straw by night. To each horse he gives 2 stones of steamed potatoes, a sixth part of cut straw, and 8 lbs. of oats, and by night, 6 lbs. of uncut straw, and no hay or food of any other sort whatsoever, except to his horses underground, which have hay instead of straw by night. Mr. Priest, is of opinion that twenty husbandry horses thus fed in Norfolk, from Sept. 1, to May 31, might be supported from ten acres of potatoes, with 7 or 8 bunches of straw every day; whereas it would require 50 acres of grass and hay. He estimates the expenses of taking up 10 acres of potatoes, 100 sacks at 3d.; the interest of the price of the steaming utensils, which cost 40 guineas; the coals, a bushel per day; attendance, and wear

and tear of utensils, &c. altogether at 601. for 20 horses 278 days; and to defray these expenses, the farmer receives the produce of forty acres of land, rescued from the jaws of the horse to be applied to the sustenance of man! In the months of June, July, and August, the Secretary recommends the farmers to feed their horses upon lucerne, clover, cut green, or carrots, in the yards, for the sake of manure and of comfort.

"The use Mr. Curwen makes of his chaff and coulder is this: he never gives it to his horses, but to his cows, with the waste of corn, and the broken straw in the barn from thrashing, which he boils, mixing with it oil cake (ground); thus to every cow he gives two stones of boiled straw, chaff, and coulder, with two pounds of oil cake per day, and besides this boiled stuff, Mr. Curwen gives each cow 4 lbs. of green food, as lucerne, clover, turnips, coleworts, or cabbages. The cows are fastened by the head to fixed wooden yokes in stalls, and stand so elevated, that their dung fails from them below their bed.-Here they are kept day and night, and fed alternately with the boiled ingredients, and 1 lb. of green food. The cows appeared all healthy, they were of different breeds, Devon, Suffolk, and Cumberland. Mr. Curwen always weighs to every animal, what it requires for its support.

"Mr. Curwen mows his immense crops of clover, first, in the beginning of June, a second time in the middle of July, and again the first week in October; the three cuttings this year produced more than 264 tons per acre: by this mode more produce is reaped per acre than by the common method pursued; besides which, by feeding in stalls the quantity of muck is much increased, and the animals are generally in better plight.

"Mr. Curwen estimates the expense of feeding his cows per day at 54d.-He grinds the oil cake, and boils it with the chaff, &c. and finds that three acres of green food is sufficient for 30 cows -200 days, giving to each two stones per day.

"Mr. Curwen sold last year, 66,912 quarts of milk from 25 cows, for 5571. 128.-the expense of feeding them was 3291. the profit 228). 128.