HISTORICAL CHRONICLE. DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES. Marriages and Deaths in and near London. he got his discharge, he turned his mind to study, and sustained various reverses of fortune before he became one MARRIED.] On the 16th, Wil- of the teachers at the late Mr. Hebliam Frend, esq. Fellow of Jesus den's at Hounslow, where he compiled College, Cambridge, and Actuary of his Epitome of Navigation, a lasting the Rock Life Assurance Company, memorial of his knowledge in that to Miss Blackburne, daughter of the science. After Mr. Moore settled in Rev. F. Blackburne, and grand-daugh- London, by his perseverance and inter of the late venerable and learned dustry he caused the best charts to Archdeacon Blackburne.- -At the be published, that had ever been done house of H. M. Hoare, esq. of York- by any individual in this or any other phee, the Right Hon. Lord Keith, nation. When Lord Howe was first K.B. &c. &c. to Miss Thrale, eldest lord of the admiralty Mr. M. was of daughter of the late II. Thrale, esq. great use to him, in getting a survey Dad.] Lord Trafalgar, the only of the coasts and harbours of Great son of Earl Nelson, of a typhus fever. Britain delivered to every captain of He was an amiable and promising the navy, in the same manner as other youth. At his house, in Coleman stores: notwithstanding which, when street Buildings, the Rev. John New- government were lately applied to, ton, rector of St. Mary Woolnoth, one of them knew him but Lord Lombard-street, and St.Mary, Mount- Spencer, to whom he some time since haw. Mr. Newton, who was born in dedicated a new edition of his Naviga1725, was originally bred to the sea; tion. The Rev. Samuel Henshall, and after being the curate of Olney, M.A. rector of St. Mary, Stratford, Bucks, and the friend of Cowper the Bow, to which he was presented by poet, he was during many years dis- Brazenose College in 1802. He was tinguished as one of those persons supposed to have been one of the best who stile themselves Evangelical Savon scholars in the kingdom. BePreachers. Mr. Newton had pub- sides his History of the County of lished his own life, down to 1763, and Kent, and a Dissertation on the Laws an account of what is called his con- from Edward the Confessor to the version. He bore an excellent cha- Reign of Edward the First, &c. &c. racter; and from a publication of his, he published "The Saxon and Engaddressed to his wife, entitled Cardi- lish Languages, reciprocally illustraphonia, he seems to have been one of tive of each other; and the Impracti the most affectionate of husbands, cability of acquiring an accurate Though Mrs. Newton died many years knowledge of Saxon Literature since, it seems, he never indulged a through the medium of the Latin, thought of altering his condition. &c." At Chingford Lodge, Epping Forest, in his 69th year, MR. John Hamilton Died some time since at Mutturiah, Moore, late teacher of navigation on East Indies, aged 29, Lieutenant FranTower-hill, author of Moore's Navi- cis Lodge Morres, of his Majesty's gation, Seaman's Daily Assistant, The 22d regiment of foot, third son of the Monitor, &c. He was born at a vil- late Rev. Redmond Morres, rector of lage near Edinburgh, and brought up Clonmeer, in the county of Cork, by by an aunt till about eight years of Mary, only daughter of the late Edage, when he was taken by his father, ward Dalton, of Deer Park, county of a bleacher, to near Londonderry. Clare, esq. niece of the last John, He was afterwards sent to Monaghan, Lord Eyre, nephew of the present under the celebrated Mr. Ballentine, Lord Frankfort, and on the father's to study the mathematics. Having side also related to Lord Visc. Mount-. finished his education, he entered as morres, Sir William and Sir John a cadet in the Plymouth division of Morres, baronets. In this truly worMarines, and served on board Com- thy young man were centered every modore Elliot's ship, the Brilliant, qualification recessary to form the when that officer took Thurot. After meritorious officer, the complete gen tleman, and the truly faithful and France-if the experience, so often reaffectionate friend: as a soldier, brave, newed, or the falsehood of English asserhumane, and resolute; as a friend, tions-if the challenge which is given to faithful, sincere, and affectionate; publish any secret article of the Treaty of as an acquaintance, mild, affable, and Tilsit, which should be contrary to the unassuming. Possessed of such virinterests of England, are not sufficient to tues he endeared himself to all classes reflections will prove that England does not convince every impartial man; a very few of society, and died most sincerely believe in those secret engagements formed regretted by all his acquaintance, and by Russia against her. the Moniteur says: in particular by the noble family on "If, in fact, the Cabinet of London did whom he reflected so much honour as believe in the existence of such engagea relative. ments between France and Russia, why did it not, at the very instant that it made Reply to the English Declaration. that discovery which induced it to attack The Moniteur of Jan. 7, contains a in the Mediterranean, instead of permitting Copenhagen, assail the Russian squadron translation of the English Declaration, it to clear the Straits of Gibraltar? Why in answer to that of the Emperor of did three Russian vessels, which were Russia, with a marginal commentary. coming from the North Sea, pass through On the following passage in the the English squadron which was blockading second paragraph of the Declaration, Copenhagen? Why, if secret stipulations "His Majesty was not unaware of the had been made at Tilsit to the disadvantage nature of those secret engagements which of England, did the Cabinet of London had been imposed upon Russia, in the have recourse to the mediation of Russia, conferences of Tilsit. (1). in order to conciliate its differences with Denmark? Let these Ministers be at least (1). "We are authorized to declare, consistent with themselves, and let them that no secret engagement was formed not assert, a few pages lower, these very during the conferences at Tilsit, of which words- But until the Russian Declaration England could complain, and which con- was published (that is until November), His cerned her in any way. Why does not the Majesty had no reason to suspect that any Cabinet of London make known those opinions which the Emperor of Russia might secret engagements which are contrary to entertain of the transactions at Copenhagen, the interests of England, if it be acquainted could be such as to preclude His Imperial with them? Its Manifesto would in that Majesty from undertaking, at the request of case be unnecessary; and the mere com- Great Britain, that same office of Medimunication of those secret articles would ator. Thus the English have recourse to justify its conduct in the eyes of Europe, the mediation of Russia, in order to come and redouble the zeal and energy of every to an arrangement with Denmark, more English citizen. But it is the custom of than three months after the Treaty of this Government to set out with a false- Tilsit; and they pretend, as we shall see hood, in order to authorize its acts of still farther down, that they undertook the injustice, and in the endeavour to vindicate expedition against Denmark, only to opthose vexations which it causes all the pose the execution of the arrangements at rations of the world to suffer alike. When Tilsit, and to defeat one of the objects of those it was deemed adviseable not to execute arrangements.' They seized Danish vessels, that article of the Treaty of Amiens which on account of arrangements which the Emrequired the evacuation of Malta, the King was made to declare, in a Message to Parliament, that all the French ports were filled with vessels ready to effectuate a descent upon Eng'and, and all Europe knows whether there was then the least armament in the ports of France. When the Cabinet resolved to seize a few millions of piastres which four Spanish frigates were bringing from the continent of America, it told a lie equally gross, in order to justify the most scandalous aggression. When, finally, it wished to excuse the inexcusable expedition against Copenhagen, it had recourse to suppositions whose falsehood is evident to all Furope. But if the former denial of Russia and peror of Russia had made at Tilsit; they "But his Majesty bad entertained the estimate of its effects upon the glory of the Russian name, and upon the interests of the Russian Empire, would have induced his Imperial Majesty to extricate himself from the embarrassment of those new counsels and connections, which he had adopted in a moment of despondency and alarm, and to return to a policy more congenial to the principles which he has so invariably professed, and more conducive to the honour of his crown, and to the prosperity of his dominions." (2). (2). The good faith of the Cabinet of London shines forth here in all its brightness! It is hoped that the Emperor of Russia, having formed engagements opposed to England, would fail in keeping them almost immediately. Doubtless the English Government judges according to its own feelings. It reveals its secret to all the world. The treaties which it signs are inade only for the occasion (sont des actes eventuels); the obligations it contracts are but simulated engagements, which it violates or keeps according to its caprice or interest. We repeat it; the Emperor of Russia signed nothing at Tilsit which was contrary to the interest of England; but if he had done so, his character, his loyalty, did not authorize England to think that he would have at once violated his engagements. We shall not lay any stress upon the tone of all this paragraph, in which Russia is represented as " yielding in a moment of despondency and alarm!" The Russians will answer it better than ourselves. We will only observe the difference which subsists between the declaration of Russia and the answer of England. We find in the first, the noble language of a Prince who respects supreme rank and the dignity of nations, and who, if he speaks of facts shameful to a State, does it only because he is compelled to unfold the reasons of his complaint. We see, on the contrary, in the Answer of England, the gross insolence of an oligarchic club, which respects nothing, which seeks to humiliate by its expressions, and which, for want of good reasons, has recourse to calumnious imputations and insulting sar casms. "His Majesty had much cause for suspicion, and just ground of complaint. But he abstained from the language of reproach. His Majesty deemed it necessary to require specific explanations with respect to those arrangements with France, the concealment of which from his Majesty could not but confirm the impression already received of their character and tendency. But his Majesty, nevertheless directed the demand of that explanation to be made, not only without asperity, or the indication of any hostile disposition, but with that considerate regard to the feelings and situation of the Emperor of Russia, which resulted from the recollection of former friendship, and from confidence interrupted, but not destroyed." (3). (3). "Two great nations, equal in power and courage, were shedding torrents of their purest blood for the sole interest of the oppressors of the seas. These calamities touched the two sovereigns: they were desirous to put an end to them; and the Emperor of Russia, though animated by so powerful a motive, was desirous that England should be sensible of the effects of his ancient attachment, and required that France should accept his mediation; a condition which the generosity of the Emperor of Russia rendered less unpleasant (moins penible) to the Emperor of the French. Still it might well be so, since the mediation he was called upon to accept was that of a Prince so recently reconciled to France, and this mediation being so proposed, and so admitted, England, instead of accepting it with eagerness, answered so great generosity by insulting distrust. She required that the Secret Articles of the Treaty of Tilsit, which concerned her, should be communicated to her. She was answered that there were no secret articles which concerned her; and doubtless, in order to dissipate so odious a suspicion, the Emperor of Russia, who was always earnest to leave the door open for negociation between France and England, ought to have expressly fabricated such articles. He had no right to expect that such generous cares should be so ill rewarded. In truth, it is hard to carry further the forgetfulness of all decency, all feeling, and all reason.” "His Majesty willingly does justice to the motives which originally engaged Russia in the great struggle against France. His Majesty avows with equal readiness, the interest which Great Britain has uniformly taken in the fates and fortunes of the Powers of the Contineut. But it would surely be difficult to prove, that Great Britain who was herself in a state of hostility with Prussia, when the war broke out between Prussia and France, had an interest and duty more direct in espousing ahe Prussian quarrel, than the Emperor of Russia, the Ally of his Prussian Majesty, the Protector of the North of Europe, and the Guarantee of the Germanic Constitution." (4). (4). "The Ministers of London, have, indeed, a strange lack of memory. If they wished to persuade Europe that they were not in connection with Russia when the "It is not in a public declaration that his Majesty can discuss the policy of having, at any particular period of the war, effected, or omitted to effect, disembarkations of troops on the coasts of Naples. But the instance of the war with the Porte is still more singularly chosen, to illustrate the charge against Great Britain, of indifference to the interests of her Ally; a war undertaken by Great Britain at the instigation of Russia, and solely for the purpose of maintaining Russian interests against the influence of France." (5). war broke out between France and Prussia, Prussian army, and the French were althey ought to efface from the memory of ready at Berlin and on the Oder, there way every one, and withdraw from all the pub- still no treaty between Prussia and Russia. lic documents, the pieces which they pub- Russia was obliged to march to the Vistula, lished on the events of 1805. Those on account of the war in which she was pieces, published by England, have made involved with France since 1805, and in known that the Cabinet of London, in order to defend herself. This confounding order to turn aside the tempest which was of the most recent events, this ignorance gathering at Boulogne, formed a treaty of the occurrences of our own times, is with Russia and Austria It was contrary worthy of the present Ministers of Engto the opinion of Prince Charles, and all land. Their whole conduct, finally, unmen of intelligence, that an Austrian army folds the selfishness and machiavelism of precipitated itself upon the Iller. The this Cabinet." faction which the English Government had then at Vienna, did not examine whether it suited the powers of the coalition to wait till the Russian troops were united to those of Austria. This delay of three months was alarming to England; the long nights of autumn threatened her with too great a danger, and Cobentzel sent the note which determined for war, at the very moment when the army of Boulogne was embarked; and the destiny of Mack was decided at Ulm, while the Russians were still in Poland, While England can be answered by facts thus public, how should she deny that it is for (5). Therefore, the Emperor of Russia her, and her alone, that Austria and Russia has no right to complain that the Cab.net have made war! Austria did not delay of London should employ the forces of concluding peace; Russia remained at war Britain for the sole profit of England, while with France. Afterwards, a Russian Ple- he himself was actually engaged with the nipotentiary signed a treaty of peace at French army. If the English squadron, Paris. Russia did not ratify it; for the which forced the Dardanelles, had chosen sole reason, that having, in conjunction with you, made war, it was in concert with you that she wished to make peace. Thus, after having made war for England, it was still for her sake that Russia did not make peace; it was for her still that Russia continued the war. It was not for Prussia, for Russia owed nothing to that power, because Prussia, after having signed at Berlin a treaty of co-operation, caused it to be almost immediately disavowed at Vienna, separated herself from her allies, and concluded apart her arrangements with France. The possession of Hanover, so desired by Prussia, was not only not intended by Therefore the Emperor of Russia is to Russia, but even against her interests and ascribe the whole blame to himself, since her will. It is further an historic truth, he would not wait for the succours which that Prussia was induced to take up arms England was disposed to grant him. But on the report of the treaty of peace signed these succours ought to have been sent at Paris by M. Doubril, and in consequence while Dantzick was yet in the possession of of assurances given by the Marquis de Kalkreuth. If to the 12,000 men which Lucchesini, that by a secret article of that lay down their arms and capitulated in the treaty Poland had been ceded to the Grand streets of Buenos Ayres, England had Duke Constantine. This inconceivable joined the 15,000 men which have since Cabinet of Berlin, after having deceived set Copenhagen in flames, these forces the whole world, was at length caught in would not, it is true, have afforded a her own toils. It is hence true, that when triumph to the arms of Britain-France Prussia took up arms in 1806, it was at was in an attitude of defence: she respected the same time against France and against England enough to expect greater efforts Russia; it is not less true, that after the but Russia would not have been able to battle of Jena had already destroyed the complain. It was of little moment to the to unite with the Russian squadron; if it had taken on board the 10,000 men which were sent to Egypt, and united them to the 12 000 Russians at Corfu, the attack upon Constantinople would have been an effectual diversion for Russia. The conduct of England was in a spirit totally opposi e to this: after having sustained an indelible disgrace before Constantinople, she made an expedition to Egypt, which did not deprive the Grand Vizier of a single man, and which had nothing in common with the quarrel in which she had engaged Russia. Cabinet of London, that two nations of the Poland presented nothing but danger and Continent were massacreing each other on glory. If England had at last taken part the Vistula: the treasures of Monte Vi in some battles, English blood must have deo and Buenos Ayres excited her cupi- been spilled; the people of Great Britain, dity, and Dantzick received no succours. upon learning the sacrifices which war "His Majesty, as his Ministers affirm, requires, would have wished for peace; made the greatest efforts to fulfil the expecta- the mourning of fathers, the mothers tions of his Ally. And what have been the weeping for their children fallen in the field effects of these great efforts? The arrival of honour, might perhaps have produced, of 6000 Hanoverians at the Isle of Rugen even in the hearts of those Ministers, the in the month of July; that is, a month same sentiments which a long war has inafter the contest had been terminated. spired in the French, the Russians, and Was it not evident that so wretched an the Austrians. The British Cabinet, in expedition was conceived for no other its turn, could not, prevent itself from purpose than to occupy Hanover, in case feeling a horror at perpetual war, or else the Russian army had been victorious? Is the men of blood who compose it would it not evident that it arrived at Rugen be execrated by the people. The land only for English objects? Is it not evi- war is not like a war by sea; the strongest dent, that if the French army had been fleet does not require more than 15,000 victorious, the aid of 6000 men would have produced no effect? Is it not evident, that by the month of July the French army must have been either victorious or beaten? Is it not evident, that the 20,000 Spaniards, and the 40,000 Frenchmen from the Army of Italy, (of which a part had been placed at the disposition of France, by the security given her through the expeditions to Egypt and Buenos Ayres), joined to the 24,000 Dutch troops who were at Hamburgh, would, by the month of July, form an army more than sufficient to render futile all the efforts of England? men, abundantly supplied with provisions, and having no privations to suffer. The greatest sea fight is not equal to a skirmish at land, and costs but little blood or tears. France, Austria, and Russia, employ in war armies of 400,000 men, who are exposed to all sorts of dangers, and who are daily fighting. The desire of peace arises even in the bosom of victory; and in Sovereigns, the fathers of their subjects, it finds a place among the dearest sentiments of their hearts. Of all the forms of government oligarchy is the most severe; even that, however, is inclined to peace, when war costs so many victims. The "It was not, therefore, in the month system which influences England not to of July that succours ought to have been support her Allies is the consequence of sent; it was in April. But the Hanoverian her selfishness, and the effect of the barLegion was not then formed; and till the barous maxim of perpetual war. The Ministers had it in their power to set in English people do not revolt at this idea, motion this mass of foreign deserters, they because care is taken to remove from them had only national troops at their disposal, the sacrifices of war. It is thus that, and we will state why they did not choose during four coalitions, we have seen Eng to employ these. The 15,000 men of land laugh at the sight of the misfortunes Buenos Ayres, joined to the 15,000 British of the Continent, feed its commerce with Militia, might have furnished in the month human blood, and make a sport of the of April, an army of 50,000 English. scenes of carnage in which they took no That, however, did not suit the Cabinet share. She will partake again of the of London: the blood of the Continent esteem of Europe-she will be worthy of alone must flow for the defence of Eng- having allies, when she shall present herland. Whoever reads attentively the de- self in battle array with 80, or 100,000 bates of Parliament, will find there the men: then, whatever might be the event, developement of this policy, and it is this she would not wish for a perpetual war; policy alone which Russia justly complains her people would not submit to the caof. She had a right to see 40,000 English prices of an inordinate ambition; her allies land, in the month of April, at Dantzick, would not be her victims. It is in fighting or at Stralsund. Has England done with one another, that the Russians, the so? No! Was she able to do it? If she Austrians, and the French have learned to answers in the negative, she is then a very esteem each other; it is in fighting that weak and miserable nation, and has little they have made hostile and cruel passions title to make so great demands upon her yield to the desire of peace England has allies. But what was wanting in the Mi- acquired her superiority on the seas by nisters was inclination; they wish only for treachery, at Toulon, and in La Vendee. piratical operations; they calculate the To the convulsions which she has s irred results of war at so much per cent; they up, she has only opposed a few ships of think only of profit; and the fields of the line, and some thousands of men. She UNIVERSAL MAG. VOL. IX. Ꮮ |