ARMY OF OCCUPATION. By treaty, signed 20 Nov. 1815, the allied powers established the boundaries of France, and stipulated for the occupation of certain fortresses by foreign troops for three years.-The departure of the German army of occupation began about 20 Sept. 1871. AROGEE, Abyssinia. Here sir Robert (afterwards lord) Napier defeated the Abyssinians, who lost about 700 killed and wounded, io April, 1868. The British had 20 wounded. AROMATICS. Acron of Agrigentum is said to have been the first who caused great fires to be made, and aromatics to be thrown into them, to purify the air, by which means he put a stop to the plague at Athens, 429 B.C. ARPAD DYNASTY, see Hungary. ARPINUM (now Arpino, S. Italy), the birthplace of Cicero, 3 Jan. 106 B.C.; many remains still bear his name. ARQUEBUS, see Fire Arms. ARQUES (N. France). Near here the league army, commanded by the due de Mayenne, was defeated by Henry IV. 21 Sept. 1589. ARRACAN, a province of N.E. India. Arracan, the capital, captured by the Burmese, 1783, was taken from them by general Morrison, I April, 1825. The subjugation of the whole province followed in 1826. ARRAIGNMENT consists in reading the indictment by the officer of the court, and calling upon the prisoner to say whether he is guilty or not guilty. Formerly, persons who refused to plead in cases of felony were pressed to death by weights placed upon the breast. A person standing mute was declared convicted by an act passed 1772; but in 1827, the court was directed to enter a plea of "not guilty" in such cases; see Mute. ARRAS (N. E. France), the country of the ancient Atrebates, the seat of a bishop since 390. Here a treaty was concluded between the king of France and duke of Burgundy, when the latter abandoned his alliance with England, 21 Sept. 1435. Another treaty was concluded by Maximilian of Austria with Louis XI. of France, whereby Burgundy and Artois were given to the dauphin as a marriage portion, 23 Dec. 1482. Velly. Arras was held by the Austrians from 1493 till 1640, when it was taken by Louis XIII. ARRAY. On 23 Dec. 1324, Edward II. directed the bishop of Durham to make "arraier" his men of arms, horse and foot, and cause them to proceed to Portsmouth; thence to proceed to the war in Gascony. Rymer's Fœdera. Hallam says that this was the earliest commission of array that he could find, and that the latest was dated 1557. The attempt of Charles I. to revive commissions of array in 1642, founded on a statute of Henry IV., was strenuously opposed as illegal. ARREST FOR DEBT. The persons of peers, members of parliament, &c., are protected from arrest; see Ambassadors, Debt, Ferrars' Arrest. Clergyman performing divine service privileged, 50 Edw. III. Seamen privileged from debts under 20l., by 30 Barristers are privileged from arrest while going to, attending upon, and returning from court, on the business of their clients. 1375 1756 By 7 & 8 Vict. c. 96, the power of imprisonment even upon final process, that is judgment debts, is abolished if the sum does not exceed 20l, exclusive of costs, 1844; and by 9 & 10 Vict. c. 95, the judge has no power to punish, except in case of fraud or contempt of court By the Absconding Debtors' Arrest Act, absconding debtors owing 20l. and upwards are liable to arrest. See Debt. ARRETIUM, see Arezzo. 1846 1851 ARSACIDE, a Parthian dynasty, began with Arsaces about 250 B.C., and ended with Artabanus, killed in battle with Artaxerxes, the founder of the Sassanidæ, A.D. 226. ARSENAL, a great military or naval repository; see Woolwich. ARSENIANS, partisans of Arsenius, patriarch Michael Palæologus for blinding his colleague the of Constantinople, who excommunicated the emperor young John Lascaris, 1261, and was deposed 1264. ARSENIC, a steel-gray coloured brittle mineral, extremely poisonous, known in early times. Brandt, in 1733, made the first accurate experiments on its chemical nature. The heinous crimes com mitted by its means induced the legislature to enact regulations for its sale, 1851. In 1858 Dr. A. S. Taylor asserted that green-paper-hangings and dresses prepared from arsenic are injurious to health; which is doubted by some chemists. ARSON, punished with death by the Saxons, long remained a capital crime on the consolidation of the laws in 1827 and 1837. By the act of 1861 it is punishable by penal servitude for life and minor degrees of imprisonment. William Anthony was convicted of arson, having set many houses on fire, for the sake of obtaining the reward for giving alarm, 13 Dec. 1871. ARSOUF (Syria). At a battle here Richard I. of England, commanding the Christian forces, reduced to 30,000, defeated Saladin's army of 300,000 Saracens and other infidels, on 6 Sept. 1191. Ascalon surrendered, and Richard marched towards Jerusalem, 1192. ART ACT, facilitating the public exhibition of works of art, (lent to the president of the privy council), passed April, 1866. See Arts, Exhibitions, and National Portrait Gallery. ARTEMISIUM, a promontory in Euboea, near which indecisive conflicts took place between the Greek and Persian fleets for three days; 480 The former retired on hearing of the battle of Thermopylæ. B. C. ARTESIAN WELLS (from Artesia, now Artois, in France, where they frequently occur) are formed by boring through the upper soil to strata containing water which has percolated from a higher level, and which rises to that level through the boring tube. The fountains in Trafalgar-square and government offices near have been supplied since 1844 by two of these wells (393 feet deep). At Paris the Grenelle well (1798 feet deep), was completed in 1841, after eight years of exertion, by M. Mulot at an expense of about 12,000l., and the well at Passy, which it is said will supply sufficient water for nearly 500,000 persons, was begun in 1855, and completed in 1860 by M. Kind. Messrs. Amos and Easton completed an Artesian well for the Horticultural Society's garden in 1862, which yielded 880,000 gallons of water, at the temperature of 81 Fahr., in twenty-four hours. The well at Kissingen was completed in 1850. Artesian wells are now common. ARTICHOKES are said to have been introduced from the East into Western Europe in the 15th century, and to have reached England in the 10th. Petard, Rockets, Fire-arms. The Royal Artillery- 1858 The alleged great deficiency of artillery in the British ARTISANS' AND LABOURERS' DWELLINGS ACT, "to provide better dwellings," passed 31 July, 1868. ARTICLES OF RELIGION. On 8 June, 1536, after much disputing, the English clergy in convocation published "Articles decreed by the king's highness" Henry VIII., who published in 1539 the "Statute of Six Articles," decreeing the acknowledgment of transubstantiation, communion in one kind, vows of chastity, private masses, celibacy of the clergy, and auricular confession. Offenders were punishable as heretics. In 1551 forty-two were prepared, and published in 1553. These were modified by the convocation, and reduced to THIRTYNINE in Jan. 1563; and they received the royal authority and the authority of parliament in 1571. The Lambeth Articles, of a more Calvinistic character, proposed by archbishop Whitgift, were with-capacitated, members. Artists' General Benevolent Institution, established 1814. drawn in consequence of the displeasure of queen Elizabeth, 1595. One hundred and four Articles were drawn up for Ireland by archbishop Usher in 1614; but in 1635 the Irish church adopted the English articles. See Perth Articles. Articles were ordered to be removed from the studies at Oxford in Nov. 1871. The 39 ARTICLES OF WAR were decreed in the time of Richard I. and John. Those made by Richard II. in 1385 appear in "Grose's Military Antiquities." The articles of war now in force are based upon an act, passed by William III. in 1689, to regulate the army about to engage in his continental warfare. ARTIFICERS AND MANUFACTURERS. Their affairs were severely regulated by the statutes of labourers, 1349, 1350, 1360, 1549, and especially of 1562. They were prohibited from leaving England, and those abroad were outlawed, if they did not return within six months after the notice given them. A fine of 100l., and imprisonment for three months, were the penalties for seducing them from these realms, by 9 Geo. II. (1736) and other statutes. The law was modified in 1824; see Workmen, &c. ARTILLERY, a term including properly all heavy missiles, now restricted to cannon. A small piece was contrived by Schwartz, a German cordelier, soon after the invention of gunpowder, in 1330. Artillery was used, it is said, by the Moors of Algesiras, in Spain, in 1343; and according to some historians, at the battle of Crecy, in 1346, when Edward III. had four pieces of cannon. We had artillery at the siege of Calais, 1347. The Venetians employed artillery against the Genoese at sea, 1377. Voltaire. Said to have been cast, with mortars for bomb-shells, by Flemish artists, in Sussex, 1543. Rymer's Foedera. Made of brass 1635; improvements by Browne, 1728; see Cannon, Bombs, Carronades (under Carron), Mortars, Howitzers, ARTISTS' FUND, was established in 1810 to provide allowances for sick, and annuities for in ARTOIS (N. France), a province once held by the Atrebates, conquered by the Franks in the fifth century, given by Charles the Bold, with Flanders, as a dowry to his daughter Judith, on her marriage with Baldwin Bras-de-fer in 863. Louis XV. created his grandson, Charles Philippe, count of Artois, who became king as Charles X., 16 Sept. 1824. Re-united to the crown by Philip Augustus Formed into a county for his brother Robert, by Louis IX. Acquired, with Flanders, through marriage, by the 1180 1237 1384 1477 1482 1493 1640 10 Aug. 1678 The Art Union of London, 444, West Strand, was founded 14 Feb. 1837; and chartered 1 Dec. 1846. The Art Union indemnity act was passed 3 Aug. 1844. Subscription for 1872, 11,930l. 128. 6. Burlington Fine Arts Club, for exhibition of works of art, &c., founded A memorial of a convention for promoting universally reproductions of works of art for the benefit of museums of all countries, signed by the prince of Wales, and the crown princes of Prussia, ! Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Italy, Saxony, and others, was sent to the duke of Marlborough, 1868 12 March, 1868 See British Institution; National Gallery; Royal Academy: Albert Hall. endued with the property of remaining unconsumed by fire. Cloth was made of it by the Egyptians (Herodotus), and napkins in the time of Pliny, 74; and also paper. The spinning of asbestos known at Venice, about 1500. Porta. ASCALON (Syria), a city of the Philistines, shared the fate of Phoenicia and Judea. The Egyptian army was defeated here by the crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon, 12 Aug. 1099. Ascalon was besieged by the latter in 1148, taken in 1153; and again in 1191. Its fortifications were destroyed for fear of the crusaders by the sultan in 1270. ASCENSION, an island in the Atlantic ocean, Portuguese on Ascension day, 20 May, 1501; and taken possession of by the English, Oct. 1815. ARUNDEL CASTLE (Sussex), built by the Saxons about 800. The duke of Norfolk enjoys the earldom of Arundel, as a feudal honour, by inherit-800 miles N. W. of St. Helena, discovered by the ance and possession of the castle, without any other creation. Philip Howard, son of the attainted duke of Norfolk, was made earl of Arundel, by summons, as possessor of this castle, 1580. It was thoroughly repaired by a late duke at a vast expense. ARUNDELIAN MARBLES, called also Oxford Marbles; one containing the chronology of ancient history from 1582 to 355 B.C., and said to have been sculptured 264 B.C. They consist of 37 statues, 128 busts, and 250 inscriptions, and were found in the isle of Paros, in the reign of James I., about 1610. They were collected by Mr. W. Petty, purchased by lord Arundel, and given by his grandson Henry Howard, afterwards duke of Norfolk, to the university of Oxford in 1667; and are therefore called also OXFORD MARBLES. The characters of the inscriptions are Greek. A variorum edition of the inscriptions, by Maittaire, appeared in 1732, and a fine one by Chandler in 1763; and translations by Selden, 1628; by Prideaux, 1676; see Kidd's Tracts; and Porson's Treatise, 1789. ARUNDEL SOCIETY, for the promotion of the knowledge of art, was established in 1848. It publishes fac-similes and photographs. ARUSPICES, see Haruspices. AS, a Roman weight and coin: as a weight, it was a pound; as a coin, it had different weights, but the same value. In the reign of Servius, the as weighed a pound of brass; in the first Punic war, it weighed two ounces, 264 B.C.; in the second Punic war, one ounce, 218 B.c.; and afterwards half an ounce; its value was about three farthings sterling. ASAPH, St. (N. Wales), a bishopric said to have been founded by Kentigern, bishop of Glasgow. On returning into Scotland about 560, he left St. Asaph his successor, from whom the see is named. It is valued in the king's books at 1877. 118. 6d. The present cathedral was erected by bishop Redman, 1472-95. By an order in council, 1838, the sees of St. Asaph and Bangor were to have been united on the next vacancy in either, and the bishopric of Manchester created. This order was annulled in 1846. Present income 4,200l.; see Manchester. ASCENSION DAY, also called Holy Thursday, when the church celebrates the ascension of our Saviour, the fortieth day after his resurrection from the dead, 14 May, 33; first commemorated, it is said, 68. Ascension day, 1872, 9 May; 1873, 22 May; 1874, 14 May; 1875, 6 May. ASCHAFFENBURG, on the Maine, Bavaria, S. W. Germany. Here, on 14 July, 1866, the Prussians defeated the German Federal army, captured the town, and took 2000 prisoners. ASCOT RACES, see Races. ASCULUM, now ASCOLI, Apulia, S. Italy. Near it, Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans, 279 B.C. Asculum, a city of the Piceni, with all their country, was conquered by the consul Sempronius, 268 B.C. Here Andrea, general of the emperor Henry VI., endeavouring, to wrest Naples from Tancred, was defeated and slain, A.D. 1190. ASHANTEES, warlike negroes of West Africa. British settlement Cape Coast Castle is situated. In 1807 they conquered Fantee, in which the On the death of their king, who had been friendly to the English, hostilities began; and on 21 Jan. 1824, the Ashantees defeated about 1000 British under sir Charles M'Carthy at Accra, and brought away his skull with others as trophies. They were totally defeated, 27 Aug. 1826, by col. Purdon. The governor of Cape Coast Castle began a war with the Ashantees in spring of 1863. The British troops suffered through disease; and the war was suspended in May, 1864. War broke out in 1873. ASHBURTON TREATY, concluded at Washington, 9 Aug. 1842, by Alexander lord Ashburton, and John Tyler, president of the United States: it defined the boundaries of the respective countries between Canada and the state of Maine, settled the extradition of criminals, &c. ASHDOD, or AZOTUS, seat of the worship of the Phoenician god, Dagon, which fell down before the ark of the Lord, captured by the Philistines from the Israelites, about 1141 B.C. (1 Sam. v.) Ashdod was taken by the Egyptians after 29 years siege, the longest recorded. ASHDOWN, or ASSENDUNE, now thought to be Aston, Berks, where Ethelred and his brother Alfred defeated the Danes in 871. At Ashdown, near Saffron-Walden, Essex, Canute defeated Edmund Ironside with great slaughter, 1016. ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM (books, manuscripts, coins, &c.), was presented to the university of Oxford by Elias Ashmole, the herald and antiquary, and opened 1682. It included the collections of the Tradescants, to whom he was executor. He died at Lambeth in 1692. The Ashmolean Society, Oxford (scientific), was established in 1828. ASHTAROTH, a Phoenician goddess, occasicnally worshipped by the Israelites (see Judges ii. 13) about 1400 B.C., and even by Solomon, about 984 B.C. (1 Kings xi. 5.) ASH-WEDNESDAY, the first day of Lent, which in early times began on the Sunday now called the first in Lent. It is said that pope Felix III., in 487, first added the four days preceding the old Lent Sunday, to raise the number of fasting days to forty; that Gregory the Great (pope, 590) introduced the sprinkling of ashes on the first of the four additional days, and hence the names of Dies Cinerum, or Ash-Wednesday. At the Reformation this practice was abolished, "as being a mere shadow, or vain show." Ash-Wednesday, 1872, 14 Feb.; 1873, 26 Feb.; 1874, 18 Feb.; 1875, 10 Feb. ASIA, the largest division of the globe, so called by the Greeks from the nymph Asia, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Japhet. Asia was the first quarter of the world peopled: here the law of God was first promulgated; here many of the greatest monarchies of the earth had their rise; and hence most of the arts and sciences have been derived. Its early history is derived from the Bible and from Herodotus, who relates the wars of Croesus, Cyrus, and others. See Jews, China, India, Persia, and the other countries. Gradually acquired by the Romans, B.C. 188 to A.D. 15 Partially recovered by the emperor Basil. 609 874 1402 Taken from the Greek emperor, and established as an empire by the Turks under Mahomet I. . . 1413 ASIATIC SOCIETIES. The "Asiatic Society of Bengal," at Calcutta, was established by sir William Jones in 1784, "the bounds of its investigation to be the geographical limits of Asia." The Royal Asiatic Society," which has several branches in India, was founded in 1823. It established the "Oriental Translation Fund," in 1828, which had published 83 volumes of Eastern literature in 1865. The " Literary Society of Madras," 1845. ASKESIAN SOCIETY (from the Greek askēsis, exercise), instituted in March, 1796, by some young men for discussing philosophical subjects. Its founders were Wm. Allen, Wm. Phillips, Alex. Tilloch, Luke Howard, W. H. Pepys and others. In 1806 it merged into the Geological Society. ASPERNE, GREAT, a town, and Essling, a village near the Danube and Vienna, where a series of desperate conflicts took place between the Austrian army under the archduke Charles, and the French under Napoleon, Massena, &c., on 21-22 May, 1809, ending in the retreat of Napoleon. The Austrian loss exceeded 20,000 men, and the French 30,000. Marshal Lannes, mortally wounded 22 May, died 31 May. The bridge of the Danube was destroyed, and Napoleon's retreat endangered; but the success of the Austrians was fruitless to them. ASPHALT, a solid bituminous substance, probably derived from decayed vegetable matter. It Its application for this purpose was revived by was used as a building material in ancient Babylon. Eirinus, a Greek physician, who discovered beds of it near' Neufchatel in 1712. Asphalt stone was found at Seyssel near Geneva in 1802; and after several failures, count Sassenay brought it into use for pavement about 1832. The artificial asphalt obtained from gas-works began to be used as pavelaid down in Trafalgar-square, Jan. 1864. ment about 1838. Claridge's patent asphalt was ASPROMONTE, Naples. Here Garibaldi was defeated, wounded, and taken prisoner 29 Aug. 1862, having injudiciously risen against the French occupation of Rome. ASSAM (N. E. India) acquired by the British in 1825, and surrendered by the king of Ava in 1826. The tea-plant was discovered here by Mr. Bruce in 1823. A superintendent of the tea-forests having been recommended by lord William Benwas appointed in 1836, the cultivation of the plant tinck, in 1834. The Assam Tea Company was established in 1839, by whom Chinese labourers and coolies were introduced. After several years, the plantations suffered severely, it is said through over speculation and neglect of the labourers; as a remedy a labour act was passed at Calcutta, about July, 1867. formed by the earl of Aylesbury and others to assassiASSASSINATION PLOT, said to have been nate William III., near Richmond, Surrey, and restore James II., 14 Feb. 1695-6. It was discovered by Prendergast. ASSASSINS, or ASSASSINIANS, fanatical Mahometans, collected by Hassan-ben-Sabah, and settled in Persia about 1090. In Syria they possessed a large tract of land among the mountains of Lebanon. They murdered the marquis of Montferrat in 1192, Lewis of Bavaria in 1213, and the khan of Tartary in 1254. They were extirpated in Persia about 1258 and in Syria about 1272. The chief of the corps was named "Ancient of the mountain," and "Old Man of the Mountain." They trained up young people to assassinate such persons as their chief had devoted to destruction. Hénault. From them came the word assassin. ASSAY OF GOLD AND SILVER, originated with the bishop of Salisbury, a royal treasurer in the reign of Henry I. Du Cange. But certainly some species of assay was practised as early as the Roman conquest. Assay early established in England was regulated by statutes, 1238, 1700, and 1705. Assay masters appointed at Newcastle, 1701; Sheffield and Birmingham, 1773. The laws respecting assay were amended in 1854 and 1855. The alloy of gold is silver and copper, that of silver is copper. Standard gold is 2 carats of alloy to 22 of fine gold. Standard silver is 18 dwts. of copper to II ozs. 2 dwts. of fine silver; see Goldsmiths' Company and Pyx. ASSAYE (E. Indies). The British army, under general Arthur Wellesley (afterwards duke of Wel lington), entered the Mahratta states on the south; took the fort of Ahmednuggur, 12 Aug.; and defeated Scindiah and the rajah of Berar at Assaye, 23 Sept. 1803. This was Wellesley's first great battle, in which he opposed 50,000 with only 4500 men. The enemy fled, leaving their artillery, &c. ASSEMBLY OF (130) DIVINES, held at Westminster, I July, 1643, convoked by order of parliament to consider the liturgy, government, and doctrines of the church. Two members were elected for each county. The presbyterian majority adopted the Scottish covenant, and drew up the directory for public worship, a confession, and the catechisms now used by the church of Scotland. The last (1163rd) meeting was on 22 Feb. 1649; see Church of Scotland. ASSENT, see Royal Assent. ASSESSED TAXES. The date of their introduction has been as variously stated as the taxes coming under this head have been defined—all things have been assessed, from lands and houses to dogs and hair-powder. By some the date is referred to Ethelbert, in 991; to Henry VIII. 1522; and to William III. 1689, when a land-tax was imposed; see Land Tax. The assessed taxes yielded in 1815 (the last year of the war), exclusively of the land-tax, 6,524,766., their highest amount. These imposts have varied in their nature and amount, recording to the exigencies of the state. They were considerably advanced in 1797 and 1801, et seq., but reduced in 1816, and in subsequent years. An act for the repeal of certain assessed taxes was passed 16 & 17 Vict. c. 90, 20 Aug. 1853, explained and amended by 17 & 18 Vict. c. 1, 17 Feb. 1854.-Acts for the better securing and accounting for the Assessed and Income Taxes, 10 Aug. 1854; see Taxes, and Income Tax. Changes were made in the assessed taxes, their time of collection, &c., by the Revenue act, passed 24 June, 1869. Licences for servants, dogs, and armorial bearings were also introduced. An act to provide for uniformity in the assessment of rateable property in the metropolis was passed 9 Aug. 1869. The "Court of General Assessment first met 19 May, 1870. Amount received in the year ending 31 March, 1870, about 4,500,000l. Since then the assessed taxes include the land-tax and house duty only. ASSIENTO, a contract between the king of Spain and other powers, for furnishing the Spanish dominions in America with negro slaves, began with the Flemings. By the treaty of Utrecht, 13 July, 1713, the British government engaged to furnish 4800 negroes annually to Spanish America for thirty years. The contract was renewed in 1748, but given up in 1750; see Guinea. ASSIGNATS, a forced paper currency, ordered by the National Assembly of France to support public credit during the revolution, April, 1790. At one period, eight milliards, or nearly 350 millions of pounds sterling, of this paper were in circulation in France and its dependencies. Alison. Assignats were superseded by mandats in 1796. ASSIZE of BATTLE, see Appeal. ASSIZE of BREAD, &c., see Bread, and Wool. ASSIZE of JERUSALEM, a valuable code of laws compiled under the direction of Godfrey of Bouillon, king of Jerusalem, in 1100. ASSIZE COURTS (from assideo, I sit) are very ancient in England, and in old law books are defined to be an assembly of knights and other sub stantial men, with the justice, to meet at a certain time and place: regulated by Magna Charta, 1215. The present justices of assize and Nisi Prius are derived from the statute of Westminster, 13 Edw. I. 1284. Coke; Blackstone. "The king doth will that no lord, or other of the country, shall sit upon the bench with the justices to take assize in their sessions in the counties of England, upon great forfeiture to the king." 20 Rich. II. 1396. Statutes, Brough Act. Assizes are general or special; general when the judges go their circuits, and special when a commission is issued to take cognisance of one or more causes; see Bloody Assize. ASSOCIATIONS, see National Associations. ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF THE, 15 Aug. It is observed by the church of Rome in honour of the Virgin Mary, said to have been taken up to heaven in her corporeal form, body and spirit, on this day, A.D. 45, in her 75th year. The festival was instituted in the 7th century, and enjoined by the council of Mentz, 813. ASSURANCE, see Insurance. ASSYRIA, an Asiatic country between Mesopotamia and Media, was the seat of the earliest recorded monarchy. Its history is mainly derived from Ctesias, an early Greek historian of doubtful authenticity, Herodotus, and the Holy Scriptures. The discovery by Mr. Layard of the Ninevite antiquities, now in the British Museum, and the deciphering of many ancient cuneiform inscriptions, by Grotefend, sir H. Rawlinson, and other scholars, have drawn much attention to the Assyrians. The chronologers, Blair, Usher, Hales, and Clinton, differ much in the dates they assign to events in Assyrian history. 2218 Nimrod or Belus reigns. . B.C. [2554 H. 2235 C.] 2245 Babylon taken by Ninus, who having subdued the Ninyas, an infant, succeeds Ninus Belochus, the last king of the race of Ninus [2233 C.] 2059 . 2017 govern[2130 C.] 2007 Lenglet 1975 1965 The prophet Jonah appears in Nineveh, and foretells Nineveh taken by Arbaces. [Sardanapalus, the king, . 1927 1897 1446 1433 1421 840 820 about 777 770 744-740 He invades Israel, but departs without drawing a He retires from before Tyre, after a siege of five Sennacherib invades Judea, and his general, Rab- 721 713 710 |