WHEN Mr. Joseph Haydn first published this work (in 1841), it was well received, as supplying a public want; and six editions had been sold, in 1855, when I was earnestly requested by Mr. Edward Moxon to superintend the printing of a new edition. This led eventually to my undertaking its thorough renovation, which has been effected by long continued labour in revision and in selection from an abundance of valuable materials; and now little of the original work remains, although the present edition contains fully one-third more matter than the sixth, published in 1853, at the same price. The new features include Chronological Tables at the beginning of the volume, innumerable literary, scientific, topographical, and geographical facts inserted in the body of the work, and a Dated Index. To make room for these additions the size of the page has been greatly enlarged, many articles have been condensed or printed in smaller type, and much useless matter has been expunged. Encouraged by success, I hope still to maintain the reputation which this work has attained, by sedulously endeavouring to make it, not a mere Dictionary of Dates, but a dated Cyclopædia, a digested summary of every department of human history, brought down to the eve of publication. I have endeavoured to act under the influence of the old maxims : " Homo sum ; humani nihil a me alienum puto," and "Nulla dies sine lineâ ;” and gratefully acknowledge the kindness of those friends who have pointed out some of the errors and omissions, which are almost unavoidable in a work of such scope and magnitude. The more important events that have occurred during the printing of this edition are noticed in the Addenda. BENJAMIN VINCENT. ROYAL INSTITUTION, Aug., 1873. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. THE design of the Author has been to attempt the compression of the greatest body of general information that has ever appeared in a single volume, and to produce a Book of Reference whose extensive usefulness may render its possession material to every individual—in the same manner that a London Directory is indispensable, on business affairs, to a London merchant. The Compiler persuades himself that the DICTIONARY OF DATES will be received as a useful companion to all Biographical works, relating, as it does, to things as those do to persons, and affording information not included in the range or design of such publications. JOSEPH HAYDN. LONDON, May, 1841. (Died Jan. 17, 1856.) CASTILE AND LEOX. ARRAGON. PORTUGAL. 1066. Will. I. 1057. Malc. 3. 1060. Philip I. 1066. Sancho II. 1065. Sancho. 1093. Donald 1065. Sancho of 1056. Hen. 4, 1064. Solom. Castile. 1087. Will. II. 1094. Dunc. emperor. 1072. Alfonso VI. 1075. Geisa. again. 1076. Lad. 1. 1098. Edgar. 1094. Peter. 1098. Colocount. man, 1100. Hen. I. 1107. Alex.I. 1108. Louis VI. 1109. Urraca and 1104. Alfonso I. 1112. Alfonso, as 1106. Hen.5. 1114. Step. 2. 1124. Dav. I. count. 1126. Alfon. VII. 1135. Steph. 1137. Louis VII. 1125. Loth.2. 1131. Bela 2. 1134. Ramiro. 1154. Hen. 2. 1153. Mal.IV. 1137. Petronella 1139 Alfonso I., 1138. Conr.3. 1141. Geisa 3. 1157. Sancho III. and Raymond as king. 1152. Fred. 1. 1161. Step.3. 1172. (Ireld. 1163. Alfonso II. onnered.) 1180. Philip II. 1189. Rich.Í. 1188. Alfon. IX. 1173 3. 1199. John. 1185. Sancho I. 1190. Hen. 6. 1196. Peter II. 1198. Philip. 1196. Emeric 1214. Alex.2. 1216. Hen. 3. 1214. Henry I. 1213. James I. 1212. Alfonso II. 1208. Otho 4 1204. Ladis las II. 1217. Ferdin. III. 1226. Louis IX. (Castile.) 1215. Fred. 2. 1205. An1223. Sancho II. drew II. 1230. (Leon.) 1235. Bola 4. 1249. Alex. 3. 1252. Alfonso X. 1248. Alfon. III. 1250. Con. 4. 1254. Will. 1257. Rich. 1272. Ed. I. 1270. Philip III. 1276. Peter III. 1282. (Wales Interregnum. 1270. Ste. 4. 1279. Dionysius 1273. Ro- 1272, Lad. 3. annexed.) 1285. Philip IV. 1284. Sancho IV. 1285. Alfons. III. or Denis. dolph. 1292. Adolp. 1298. Alb. 1. 1290. And. 3. 1307. Ed. II. 1306. Robert (Bruce) I. 1314. Louis X. 1308. Hen. 7. 1301. Charo1312, Alfonso XI. 1316. John II. 1314. Lou. 5. bert. 1327. Ed.III. 1329. Dav.II. Phil. V. 1327. Alfonso IV. 1325. Alfonso IV. 1342. Louis. 1350. Peter. 1347. Chas.4. 1364. Chas. V. 1357. Peter. 1369. Henry. 1377. Rich.2. 1371. Rob.II. 1367. Ferdinand. (Stuart). 1379. John I. 1380. Chas. VI. 1378. Wen1390. Rob.3. 1383. John I. ceslas. 1382. Mary. 1390. Henry II. 1387. John I. 1399. Hen. 4. 1387. Mary & 1395. Martin. 1400. Rupert Sigismund. 1406. Jas. I. 1413. Hen. 5. 1406. John II. 1410. Sigismund. 1422. Hen... 1412. Ferdinand 1437. Jas. II. of Sicily. 1416. Alfonso V. 1433. Edward. 1438. Alfonso V. 1438. Albert. 1461. Ed.IV. 1461. Louis XI. 1458. John II. 1474. Isabella. 1440. Fred. 3./1440. Lad. 4. 1479. Ferdin. II. 1445. Lad. 5. 1481. John II. 1458. Mat1483. Ed. V. Spain. 1483. Chas. VIIJ. thias. 1485. Hen.7. 1488. Jas. IV. 1479. Ferdinand and Isabella. 1495. Emanuel. 1493. Max. 1. 1490. Lad. 6. 1498. Louis XII. 1499. Switz. independ. 1350. John. Rich. 3. 1066. Halstan. 1069. Olaf. 1061. Alex. II. 1078. Nicep. 3 1086. Victor III. 1ogo. Ingo. 11093. Magnus. 1081. Alexius 1088. Urban II. 1095. Eric I. 1099. l'ascal II. 1112. Philip 1103. Sigurd I., 1105. Eric II. 1102. Boles, 31118. John 1118. Ingo II, and others, 118. Gelas. II. Comnenus. 1119. Calixt. II. 1129. Swerker. 1122, Sigurd I. 1130. MagnusIV. 1124. Honor. II. 1130. Innoc, II. 1131. Roger I. Comnenus. 1144. Lucius II. 1147. Sweyn III. 1145. Boles.4 1155. Eric I. 1145. Eugen. III. Canute V. 1153. Anasta. IV. 1154. William I. 1157. Waldemar. 1161. Char. VII. Civil aar and 1154. Adrian IV. 1167. Canute. anarchy. 1159. Alex. III. 1166. William II. 1173. Miecis- 1180. Alex.2. 181. Lucius III. las III. 1183. Andro- 185. Urban III. 1178. Ca nicus C. simir II. 1187. Greg. VIII. 1185. Isaac 2. 1136. Swcrro. Clem. III. 1189. Tancred. 1182. Canute VI. 1195. Alex. 3. 1191. Celest. III.'1194. William III. 1199. Swerk, II. 1194. Lesk.5. 1198. Innoc. III. |1197. Fred. Il. of Germany. 1210. Eric II. 1202, Hako III. 1202. Walde. II. 1200. Miec. 3. 1 204. Theodo. 1216. Honor. III. 11216. John I. and others. 1202. Lad. 3.1222. Job 1222. Eric III. 1207. Hako IV. 1227. Greg. IX. 1227.Boles.5. Ducas. 1241. Celest. IV. 1241. Eric IV. 1243. Innoc. IV. 1250, Conrad. 1250. Abel. 1255. Theo.2. 1254. Alex. IV. 1252. Christoph. 1254. Conradin. 1258. John 1250. Birger Jarl 1261. Urban IV. 1258. Manfred. 1259. Eric V. Lascaris. 1265. Clem. IV. 1266. Charles of Anjou, 1263. Magnus VI. 1259. Mich.8. 1268-9. Vacant. 1266. Waldemar, 1271. Gregory X. Adrian V. 1275. Magnus I. 1276. John XXI. 1279. Lesk.6. Sicily. 1280. Eric. 1277. Nichol. III, 1282. Peter of Arragon. 1290. Birger II. 1285. Chas.2, 1285. James, 1290. Premis nicus II. 1292-3. Vacant. 1299. Hako V. 1294. Celest. V. 1296. Ladis. 4 Bonif.VIII. 1295. Fred.2. las. 1300. Win 1320. Christo 1303. Bened. XI. 1309. Robt. 1305. Clement V. (Avigmon). 1334. Interregnm. 1333. Cas. 3. 1332. And. 3. 1316.John XXII. :314-15. Vacani. 1340. Wald. III. 1334. Bene. XII. 1337. Peter 2. 1341. John5. 1342. Clem. VI. 1343. Joan 2, 1342. Louis, 1352. Innoc. VI. & Andrew 1355. Fred. 3. 1375. Interregim. 1370. Louis. 1362. Urban V. of Hung. 1376. Olaus V. (Rome). 1382. Mary. 1376. Maria 1387. Margaret. 1384. Hedw. 1391. Man 1370. Greg. XI. & Martin, 1378. Urban VI. 1381. Chas. 3. 1396. Lad. 5. uel VI. 1389. Bonif. IX. 1385. Ladislas. 1349. Louis 1404. Innoc. VII. 1425. John 6. 1406. Greg. XII. 1402. Mart. 1. 1434. Lad. 6. 1448. Con 1409. Mart. 2. 1409. Alex. V. 1414. Joan 2. stant. 13. 1410. John 23. (United 10 Arragom.) 1445. Casi.4. 1417. Martin V. 1410. Ferd. í. 1448. Christian I. 1431. Engen. IV. 1416. Alto, 1. Turkey. 1447. Nicholas V. 1455. Cillix. JII. 1435. Alfonso I. 1433. Ma. 1458. Pius II. 1458. Ferd. 1. 1458. John. homet II. 1464. Paul II. 1481. John. 1481. Bajaz. 2 1471. Sixtus IV. '1494. Alfo,2, 1479. Ferd. 1492. Albert 1484. Inno. VIII. 1495. Ferd.2. 1496. Fred. 2. 1457. Christian I. 1483. John of Denmark, |