teachers are normal school graduates. Nor is there great possibility that for many years to come these schools will be able to do much toward supplying rural teachers. Twenty-four states are solving the problem of securing trained rural teachers by training such teachers in professional courses in high schools at state expense and under state control. Last year these training departments in high schools furnished one-fourth of the 90,000 rural teachers required by the nation. The rapid extension of these temporary training agencies is due to the fact that they give a sound training of one year, and that they are so flexibly organized they can be located where there is a group of prospective teachers to train.

Frank D. Boynton, Superintendent, Ithaca, New York. Rightly or wrongly the college has come to be recognized by the public as the head of our educational system, a belief which has been encouraged not a little by the colleges themselves through the part which they have played in shaping secondary school courses, writing school text-books, preparing teachers, making school surveys, manning educational commissions, etc. What can the colleges do for the schools? They can assure the open door of opportunity by the provision of higher training for a much wider variety of mental endowment, by rationalizing entrance requirements and their application, by giving a square deal to freshmen by providing expert teaching through a proper recognition of teaching for professorial advancement; by the supervision and correlation of college courses such as will free them from professorial caprice and make them in subject and content a part of a well rounded system of education. Arthur C. Perry, Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y. In the whole series of school relationships we may state the cause thus: The pupils are entitled to proper teaching by the teachers; the principals are entitled to proper leadership from the superintendent; the superintendent is entitled to proper co-operation from the school board; and the school board is entitled to proper support from the community and the state. we add that the state is entitled to the loyalty and fidelity of the pupils both in the present and in the future, we have completed the cycle and epitomized American educational theory and policy.

If

Ernest W. Butterfield, State Commissioner of Education, New Hampshire. All school costs are for the following items: Essentials, comforts, luxuries, diversions, distractions, and nuisances. School buildings, fuel, and janitor are comforts. They are desirable but not necessary. Books are luxuries. Libraries, laboratories and gymnasiums are diversions. The contraptions and mechanism of the schoolroom are distractions. The patent plans of instruction, system, and methods are nuisances. There are but two essentials, the pupil and the teacher. Upon these the merit of the school depends. Our great endeavors are to lengthen and vitalize the school period and to train and guide the teacher.

William D. Haggard, M. D., Vanderbilt University. Nearly one-fourth of a million school children in this country are affected with organic disease of the heart, which could be prevented by the removal of infected and diseased tonsils and decayed teeth. Before the discovery of anti-toxin for diptheria, the death rate was 35 per cent. The span of human life has been increased by 18 years during this century, largely due to the great improvement in the care and preven tion of illness among babies. The school superintendent must utilize all his influence to see that the periodic physical

examination of every child under his care is carried out at least once each session.

W. W. Borden, Superintendent, South Bend. Vocational guidance has been considered by the causal observer as something relating principally to the placement of pupils in suitable employment and of giving advice to pupils who plan to leave school. But it means much more than placementit is vitally important for all pupils in the educational system, whether planning immediate or ultimate participation in the world's work.

A. H. Edgerton, University of Wisconsin. The school must impart certain so-called fundamental skills and knowledge to each pupil. It must anticipate the time when the pupil shall have completed his schooling and taken his place in the workday world. It must see that educational offerings are such that pupils may be helped to contribute their best to society by means of desirable attitudes, habits, appreciations and powers. This result is too significant to be left to chance.

The

H. A. Allan, Business Manager, N. E. A. No single feature of the Convention has higher values than the exhibit. Here the school worker may view school accomplishments, visualize his needs and discuss his practical problems with the expert. Here, also, those who display materials or activities may test them in the light of the experience of others. Randall J. Condon, Superintendent, Cincinnati. schools are in a position to make the most of the fundamental teachings of the constitution. The schools are in the service of the state and have a two-fold mission-to educate the individual citizen for himself and for the part that he must play in the social organization that we call the state whether it be in the neighborhood, the city, the state, or the nation, or all combined. The public schools are reaching out to every field where children live and work and play; and are trying to shape the influences that touch childhood for the welfare of the child and the state. Fine character, lofty motives, social ideals, civic service, a patriotism that makes the citizen ready to live or die for his country are the things that the schools must strive after if they are to render the largest service to the state and to its citizens.

THAT the sympathetic effort to organize the school so as to make of it a civic and moral work shop is a forward step and merits encouragement of school authorities. THAT the Department commends the constructive efforts which are being made in many communities to encourage clean drama and to condemn licentiousness. It deplores the details of crime often shown on the stage, in motion pictures, in books, and in newspapers. In spite of the danger inherent in censorship, the Department commends and supports the people in legislatures assembled in efforts to enact laws for the preservation of common decency.

THAT the Department reaffirms its faith in education as a potent factor for international understanding.

THAT with faith in the mass of schools to bring life to man

kind, and this more abundantly, the Department pledges itself to educate public opinion to the end that offensive warfare may be outlawed.

THAT the Department expresses its thanks to Congress for a nineteen million school building program in the nation's capitol.

THAT the Department pledges its unfaltering support of the Child Labor Amendment.

THAT the Department urges the adoption of the budget system of accounting in every school district.

THAT the Department reaffirms its support of the proposed Department of Education, with a secretary in the President's Cabinet.

THAT the Department records its grateful and hearty appreciation of the splendid hospitality of the citizens of Cincinnati; of the untiring efforts of the local committee and the splendid co-operation of the public press. It is especially grateful to the members of the board of education, the superintendent of schools and his staff, and to the teachers and children of the public schools who helped to make the convention a success.

ness.

$50 a month when you are totally disabled by accident or confining sick$11.67 a Week when you are quarantined and your salary has stopped. $25 a Month for illness that does not confine you to the house but keeps you from your work.

20 Per Cent increase in sick benefits for two months when you are confined to an established hospital.

$50 a Month when you are totally disabled by injuries received in an automobile accident and $1,000 for accidental death in an automobile disaster.

$333 to $1000 for major accidents or for accidental loss of life.

Doubles these benefits for travel accidents sustained in railroad, streetcar, or steamboat wreck.

Operation benefits in addition to other benefits if your policy has been maintained in force for 1 year.

Just write us for full particulars of how we protect Teachers. it today.

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TEACHERS CASUALTY UNDERWRITERS 443 T. C. U. BUILDING LINCOLN, NEBRASKA

3. The substitution of scientifically determined fact for guess-work is the foundation of progress. Continuing curriculum revision is demanded by a changing social order, the discoveries of science and new methods of educational organization.

4. American Education Week has become an established national institution.

5. A well-rounded education requires emphasis on the several objectives which give life unity and effectiveness. They are: worthy home membership; sound health; mastery of the intellectual tools; vocational effectiveness; intelligent and active citizenship, wise use of leisure; development of ethical character.

6. Strong bodies are essential to individual and national well-being.

7. By laying in the schools the foundation for a growing appreciation of music, art and literature the evil influence of exploited recreation can be offset.

8. Education is the lifelong obligation of the individual. 9. The three forces which promise most for the improvement of education are the teacher-training institutions, professional organizations and educational journalism.

10. A federal department of education with a secretary in the President's Cabinet has been the ambition of friends of education for more than three quarters of a century. Nothing less than the complete realization of this objective can be accepted as final and by continuing their emphasis on the imperative need for giving education this primary recognition, the educational press can assure its ultimate victory.

11. The improvement of conditions affecting the health, morality, and education of children is the obligation of every teacher and parent.

12. By emphasizing elements of international good will and co-operation in the schoolroom, by encouraging teachers in foreign travel and participation in world movements, and by advocating the outlawry of aggressive war, educational journals can help in the movement to conserve the wealth of society for the improvement of humanity.

13. Educational journals may encourage teachers to offset the evil effects of propaganda leading to wrong conclusions by training every child to weigh statements of opinion and fact in the light of their sources; to respect intelligent differences of opinion and to condemn deliberate misrepresentation.

14. The hope of education is in the individual teacher. The platform was prepared by the committee on standards of the Educational Press Association of America, in co-operation with prominent educational workers throughout the United States. The committee includes E. M. Carter, secretary of "School and Community"; Arthur H. Chamberlain, secretary of the California State Teachers' Association and editor of "The Sierra Educational News"; Frank A. Weld, editor of "The American Educational Digest"; and Joy Elmer Morgan, editor of "The Journal of the National Education Association," chairman.

Writing is the result of thinking about things to write about and studying the details of contemporaneous life so that you may set them down, not emotionally but accurately. David Graham Phillips.

SELF-HELP

ENGLISH

LESSONS

By JULIA H. WOHLFARTH and JOHN J. MAHONEY

Self-help is the keynote of this language series which means that it recognizes that learning is a self-help process and trains the child to become self-reliant in solving language problems and in applying what he learns.

The series is the result of painstaking investigation into the problems and needs of language teaching. It has been hailed by critics as marking a step forward in textbooks built with an open-minded_regard for the scientific study of education. Extended classroom use has proved its sound worth in teaching essentials thoroughly.

These three books for grades three to eight should be carefully examined before selecting texts for next year.

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