440 Intelligence in Literature and the Arts and Sciences. the printing of Observations, Anecdotes, and Characters of Books and Men, by the Rev. Joseph Spence, arranged with notes by the late Edm. Malone. The work will be accompanied by a preparatory dissertation, and additional illustrations by the editor. Mr. M. GREGSON, of Liverpool, has prepared for the press a few choice MSS. under the title of Fragments of the History of Lancashire. [June 1, ing Fringe and Tassels, and a few Stitches in the Side, for the new Covering of the Velvet Cushion, are preparing for the press. Mr. DYER has in the press, in one vol. large 8vo. (corresponding to his History of the University and Colleges of Cambridge), the Privileges of the University of Cambridge, containing a chronological table of all its charters from the earliest to more modern times (arranged according to the Christian era Mr. FORD proposes to publish, on the plan of Mr. Britton's Architectural Anti-and the kings of England), together with quities, a Series of Engravings from a series of the principal charters themdrawings by Mr. Palmer, of Cheetham's selves, with various other public instruCollege, in Manchester, to be followed ments and documents relating to the by a similar series of the Collegiate University, and intended to serve as a Church in the same town, which is one summary of its annals. It will be ac of the finest specimens of Gothic archi- companied with a preliminary dissertatecture now remaining. tion by the editor, and some additions and emendations to his own history. Mr. THOS. HOWELL is preparing for publication an Account of Shrewsbury and its Environs, illustrated by woodcuts of the principal buildings. The Rev. J. WHITELEY, head-master of the free grammar school in Leeds, is preparing for the press Sermons and Essays, in two 8vo. volumes, including a few Sermons by the Rev. J. Leadley, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge. Miss KING will shortly publish a volume of Poems and Reflections, chiefly on serious subjects. Capt. ALGERNON LANGTON has made considerable progress in a translation from the Spanish of the Life and Adven tures of the Squire Marcon de Obregon. The author of Celtic Researches is preparing a small volume on the subject of the Conversion of the Jews. The Rev. G. S. FABER will in a few days publish Remarks on the Effusion of the Fifth Apocalyptic Vial, and the late extraordinary Restoration of the Imperial Revolutionary Government of France; to which is added, a Critical Examination of Mr. Frere's combined View of the Prophecies of Daniel, Esdras, and St. John. Mr. WM. GODWIN has nearly completed Lives of Edward and John Phillips, nephews and pupils of Milton, including various particulars of the literary and political history of their times, with portraits, in one vol. 4to. Letters from a Medical Officer attached to the Army under the Command of the Duke of Wellington during the campaigns of 1812, 13, and 14, addressed to a Friend in England, will speedily appear in one volume 8vo. Letters from Westmoreland, contain An interesting discovery has recently taken place, which will, no doubt, excite in a high degree the attention of the literary world: it is no less than a regular correspondence of fifteen of the most important years in the life of David Hume, which, we hear, will speedily be put in a state for publication. The Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors, so long expected by the literary world, will certainly appear in the course of the present month. Mr. WILLIAM LESTER, the celebrated engineer, has recently obtained a patent for a new mode of converting a parallel into a rotative motion; by means of which all the effects of animal draught can be accomplished without that complexity of machinery which has hitherto presented a bar to the successful application of steam power for propelling carriages by land, and canal boats by water. This invention, which is most simple in its nature, will enable the inventor to propel carriages of every de scription on every kind of road, and vessels of every bulk by water. It also does away the necessity of beams, cranks, and fly wheels, in steam engines, to produce a rotative motion, which is most happily accomplished by this all-powerful agent. An engine on this principle is now in preparation to propel a canal boat. Mr. JOSEPH HUME, of Long-acre, has discovered a method of preparing emetic tartar by processes admitting the employment of common black sulpheret of an timony. Two parts of this sulphuret in fine powder, and one part of nitrate of potash, are to be mixed and added t two parts of sulphuric acid, previously mixed with eight parts of water, and su 1315.] Foreign Intelligenæé--Germany. fered to cool. By a due applration of heat, a proper oxide of antimony w be formed, which, when thoroughly washed, is to be boiled while yet moist with two parts of supertartrate of potash and a proper quantity of water. The solution is then to be filtered, evaporated, and treated after the usual manner of crys tallization. From Mr. AccuM's useful Treatise on Gas-light, it appears that the price of apparatus for producing it, if erected in London, capable of affording every 24 hours light equal to 40,000 tallow candles, six in the pound, burning one hour, will be little short of 20001. In this estimate the gasometer is supposed to be capable of containing 10,000 cubic feet of gas. Mr. Accum advises that no private individual resident in the metropolis should attempt to light his premises for the sake of economy with coal-gas by means of his own apparatus whose annual expense for light does not exceed 601. Mr. Ackermann, whose whole establishment has for four years past been lighted with gas to the total exclusion of all other lights, in a communication to the author, states the nett expenses of the gas-lights at 401. 5s., whereas prior to their introduction, the lights used by hit amounted to 1601. In addition to this advantage, he saves upwards of 501. per annum by the prevention of the damage which be used to sustain by the spilling of oil and tallow upon prints, drawings, books, and paper. All those who have any idea of adopting this beautiful mode of illumination, would do well to consult Mr. Accum's book, which affords all the information that can be desired on the subject. GERMANY. The Rev. William Frederic Gerken, of Stade, in the kingdom of Hanover, published last year a small volume explanatory of part of the book of Revelations, in which he insists that Buonaparte is the Beast there spoken of; and that Babylon, the great city, denotes the French capital, which, as he most positively asserts, must, in fulfilment of the prophecy, be taken by storm, and totally destroyed by the Allies. After quoting various texts relative to this great catas trophe, he has this striking passage: "The city will consequently be taken by an assailing army, which will set it on fire at every corner, and totally destroy it. Let it not be inferred, from the voluntary surrender of Paris to the Allies, that, as it was not then taken by storm, such an event will not yet happen. It is 441 evident that the prophecies concerning the city and its destruction for the seventh vision. The beast i not mentioned in it; therefore it is not determined whether he shall be first dethroned or not, and the destruction of the city take place at a subsequent period. It is possible, then, that the beast may have been long dethroned and judged before this catastrophe; but it is also possible that the beast may secretly co-operate in bringing it about. Consider only it is said, that it was, and is not, and yet is-he is no longer emperor, but he still lives. There is every reason to believe, that as all religion is banished from the French armies, NO RELIANCE IS TO BE PLACED UPON THE OATH WHICH THEY HAVE TAKEN TO LOUIS XVIII.; THAT THE GREATEST PART OF THEM ARE IN THEIR HEARTS ATTACHED TO BUONAPARTE, because he sanctioned all their robberies, extortions, pillage, and every vice; and is it not all this that most gratifies a dissolute and depraved soldiery? The king, LOUIS XVIII. must now keep them in order, or it is to be expected that a NEW REVOLUTION WILL TAKE PLACE, IN WHICH BUONAPARTE WILL CO-OPERATE, if he be living. THE KING will perhaps be even put to death, or coмPELLED TO FLEE, AND THE ALLIES WILL UNDERTAKE TO CHASTISE PARIS, AND REDUCE HER TO OBEDIENCE. THAT GREAT CITY WILL ATTEMPT TO DEFEND HEP SELF; SHE WILL BE BESIEGED, AND AT LAST TAKEN BY STORM." M. von Ranson, of Passau, has publicly exhibited the model of a very simple machine, which, by means of a power of ten or twelve pounds, can move a weight of 300 lbs. in any direction, as fast as a horse can walk. If a man, who weighs not less than one cwt. be made to operate upon this machine on a solid road, it can move forward at the same rate with a weight of from 20 to 25,000 pounds, and upon an iron rail-way with a still greater weight. Mesmer, celebrated as the discoverer of animal magnetism, closed his earthly career on the 5th of March at Mörsburg, on the Lake of Constance, where he had fixed his residence on account of the healthy situation of the place, in his 81st year. To the literary world few works will prove more acceptable than the recent complete edition of the Anthologia Graca, published by Frederic Jacobs at Leipzig, for that contained in Brunk's Analecta veterum Poetarum is extremely incorrect, as well as imperfect. Not more than three copies of this valuable collec tion of Greek epigrams and minor pieces are known to exist in Europe; of these, the copy from which the present work is printed, is preserved in the Ducal Library at Gotha; it was transcribed by Joseph Spalletti, formerly copyist to the Vatican library, and diligently revised, at various times, by himself and Counsellor Uhden. The third and last volume of this Anthology still remains to be published; it will contain the epigrams, &c. in which the manuscript is deficient, as well as critical annotations by the editor. To his indefatigable industry the learned are also indebted for Animadversiones in Epigrammata Antholo logia Grace; sec. Ordin. Analektor. Brunki: which he began to publish in 1798, and has but just completed. The author of the "Pleasures of Solitude" has given notice of his intention to translate "Jackson's Morocco," and the "Posthumous Travels of Mungo Park," into the German language. SPAIN. Absolutely nothing has been done, even in this age of civilization, towards enlightening the minds of the mass of the Spanish people. The school at Madrid, established on the principles of Pestalozzi, was a mere whim of the Prince of Peace; from whom the education of the military only received any great attention. Schools were founded for the nobility in 1727, and improved in 1799: these exist in the provincial towns, as well as at Madrid. The Spanish universities have been also somewhat improved in modern times. A complete reform of them was attempted in 1807: out of 22 previously existing, those of Toledo, Osma, Onnate, Oribuela, Avila, Irache, Baeza, Ossuna, Almagro, Gandia, and Siguenza, were suppressed; the others, Salamanca, Alcala, Valladolid, Seville, Granada, Valencia, Zaragoza, Huesca, Cervera, Santiago, and Oviedo, were retained, and subjected to one common form of discipline. Before the late revolution, Spain possessed 67 economical societies, and its metropolis 13 academies; of which the "Spanish" began a new edition of the National Dictionary (of 1739) in 1770, and has not to this hour completed the undertaking. The literary classes are destitute of all salutary and invigorating emulation, which readily accounts for the little progress which the belles lettres, arts, and sciences, have made in this unfortunate country. A greater mass of knowledge, however, is current among er dasses of Spaniards than co possibl be imagined; considering the state of the press, and the amount and value of their printed works. It is not in Madrid, but in the provinces, that those are to be found who have advanced with the spirit of the age in which they live. It is a singular proof of the excessive jealousy which the Spanish government entertains of the freedom of the press, that the late king, by a decree in April, 1805, established a censorial tribunal, taxing the expense of censorship alone at 2,400 reals for every 24 sheets; by which means it effectually succeeded in stifling all new literary undertakings of any moment. RUSSIA. A ship is to sail from Petersburgh, in the course of the summer, on a scientific expedition to the South Seas. She will be fitted out at the expense of the chancellor of the empire, Count Nicholas Romanzoff, and be commanded by Otto von Kotzebue, son of the celebrated author of that name. He is a lieutenant in the Russian navy, and accompanied Capt. Krusenstern in his voyage round the world. The Russian empire contains six universities, and forty-two gymnasia; but the numbers who frequent them bear a lamentable disproportion to the popula tion of this vast empire. Of the former, there is not one which can boast of three hundred students. This arises from va rious causes, but principally from the extreme indisposition of the nobility (who form the great mass of the sebolastic public in the interior of Russia) to prosecute their studies with that zeal and sobriety, without which no excellence in human learning or science can be attained. Their great object is a little superficial knowledge, and the attainment of military rank. The young nobility, generally speaking, are no sooner out of their tutors' hands than they roa after promotion in the army or navy, but very seldom after university honours, Among the learned, and those who have distinguished themselves in the va rious branches of science, the following (many of whom are still the living ornaments of their country) have ample pretensions to an eminent rank in the an nals of Russian literature:In History-Schtscherbatow, Tschulkow, Tatischtschew,Jelagin, Karamisin,Chil kow, Glinka, Galitziin, Peter Gallitziin, Iwan Nowikof, Lbow, Lafrin. In Theology-The learned metropolitan, Platon, in particular. In Jurisprudence.-Prawilow, Maximowitsch, and Strachow. In Medicine.--Osereskowsky, Zapolsky, Dschunkowsky, Samoilowitsch, Karpinsky. In Statistics and Geography Pleschtschejew, Saritschew, Ismailow, Maximowitsch, Osereskowsky, Krusenstern, Tschitschlkow. In Physics and Natural History.-Lepe chin, Sacharow, Petrow, Strachow, Sewerjin, Petrajew. In Chemistry and Mathematics.--Mus- In Philology and Literary History. The Demidow Athenæum at Jaroslaw, which derives its name from its founder, who endowed it with a property of 200,000 rubles, now has five profes sors for the various departments of mathematics, history, and Russian literature, physics and natural history, philosophy, together with Greek and Roman literature, and natural as well as national jurisprudence. At the theological semimary, established for 500 students, in the same place, there are twelve professors, and at the Imperial Gymnasium, ten teachers. PRUSSIA. Some idea may be formed of the injuries which Prussia sustained from her alliance with France subsequently to the Treaty of Tilsit, from the following details:-The Prussian government having stated the arrears of its forced contributions at 19 millions of francs, whilst, on the other hand, the French rated them as high as even 180 millions, a treaty was concluded between them in September 1808, by which these arrears were fixed at 140 millions; the former at the same time binding itself to reduce the army to 10,000 men, to leave the three fortresses on the Oder in the hands of the French till 70 millions of the arrears were paid up, to defray the garrison expenses of 10,000 men for six "months, and to allow seven military roads through its states. On the 26th of April and 4th of June, 1811, the number of these roads was increased to eleven. On the 24th February, 1812, no less than four treaties were concluded with the French governmetit, having for their object the offensive and defensive alliance between these two countries, their union in the war against Russia, fresh measures of hostility against England, and the amount of the Prussian contributions in troops, &c., which should go in abatement of the pecuniary claims of the French government. From the month of March, 1812, 482,000 men, under the French binners, and 80,000 horses, passed through the Prussian dominious. The corps of the Duke of Abrantes, consisting of 69,000 men, was an expense to Prussia of 800,000 dollars per month; and her quota of contributions was fixed by the above treaty at 200,000 cwt. of rye, 24,000 cwt. of rice, 48,000 cwt. of pulse, 2,000,000 bottles of brandy, a fike quantity of beer, 400,000 cwt. of wheat, 650,000 cwt. of lay, 350,000 of straw, 6,000,000 bushels of oats, 44,000 head of cattle, 25,000 horses, 600,000 lbs. of gunpowder, 300,000 lbs. of led, 3600 waggons and horses, and hospitals for 20,000 men. By the end of the month of May the value of these contributions had completely extinguished the arrears due by the Prussian government, and by September the French became its debtor to the amount of 94 millions of francs; though it refused to listen to any representations on the subject, either of the payment of the arrears, or the debt it had contracted. In fact Prussia was treated, in every respect, as a conquered province; and scarcely one article in the catalogue of the wrongs she had endured from France had been expunged by her invasion of that country, when by one act of generous forg veness she buried them all in oblivion-at least as to any indeninity or reparation at the hands of her cruel oppressors.--(See the 18th Art. of the Treaty of Paris.) AUSTRIA. The Asylum for the Blind, at Vienna, founded by M. Klein, and under his direction, proceeds most successfully. It contains above thirty pupils, many of whom promise to become useful members of society. They have been taug'it 444 Foreign Intelligence-PoinGreece, &c. to play on several musical instruments, and receive instruction in singing, as well as in reading, writing, arithmetic, religion, grammar, and some few even in history, natural philosophy, geography, and other sciences. Werner, the poet, whose dramatic representation of the great reformer, Luther, gained him great celebrity all over Germany, is become a convert to the Catholic religion; he has read some masses, and preached in the suburb of Lichtenthal, at Vienna. Curiosity procured him a numerous anditory. He deems himself a completely new born Christian, and is ashamed of his former sinful life. Religious toleration has made considerable progress in this country, and no better proof can be given of it, than that the re-establishment of the inquisition, and the order of the Jesuits, has been the subject of general reprobation and dissatisfaction. Besides this, by a recent ordinance the professors in the Austrian Lyceums, who are paid by ecclesiastical foundations, must be proposed for the Emperor's approbation and subsequent nomination. Anthony Estler, paper-maker of Vienna, has discovered a method of manufacturing perfectly white paper of rye straw, which he renders transparent by a peculiar process, and which is particularly adapted for drawing. POLAND. The government of the Duchy of Warsaw four years since authorised the erection of a monument to the great Polish astronomer Copernicus, and voluntary contributions are now collecting for the purpose of defraying the expense, towards which some of the members of the Society of Friends of the Sciences have subscribed 9612 guilders. M. Linde, a member of the society just mentioned, and rector of the Lyceum of Warsaw, has published the sixth and last volume of his great Polish Diction ary, upon which he has been engaged upwards of twenty years. M. Linde is a native of Thorn, and was long librarian to Count Ossolinsky, prefect of the Imperial Library at Vienna, whose numerous collection of Polish books, extensive learning, and early encouragement, have chiefly enabled M. Linde to complete his valuable work. [June 1, tive of Modern Greece) which I hope will be of service to you. Your statements upon the whole are perfectly correct, but ten years have made us much better acquainted with many things in Greece. If you should print a new edition of your book, it would be well, for instance, in the letter on Tempe, to say something concerning the convents seated on the 12 or 14 steep rocks, situated at the exit of the Peneus from among the hills of the Pindus-only five or six leagues above Tricala, called Meteora-real wonders of nature. The ascent to most of them is by steep, narrow steps. Among these is Ag. Varlamis, from which descends a rope 48 fathoms in length, with a net large enough to hold three or four persons at once. The most beautiful part of Tempe itself, namely, the eastern outlet, we have not yet seen .. ... I shall probably spend next summer in Thessaly. Veli Pacha, son of Ali Visir of Janina, with whom we made researches in Arcadia, has lately urgently solicited me to renew them. There is likewise room to hope that a bridge of one arch will be built over the narrowest pass of the vale of Tempe, at the part where the inscription is; I have proposed myself and Baron Haller to execute this work, and we have the Pacha's promise. The river (Peneus) destroyed the bridge of 20 arches in 1812, and since. that time there has been nothing but a ferry." EAST INDIES. The following is a list of the literary works, the publication of which has been encouraged by the government of Bengal, at the recommendation of the Council of Fort William, since the Disputations held in 1813. 1. A Hindoostanee and English Dic tionary; by Capt. Thomas Roebuck. 1. A Persian, Arabic and English Dictionary; by Ensign Houghton, 3. Hudeequtool Bulaghut; a Treatise on the Rhetoric and Prosody of the Per sians, edited by Muoluvee Jan Ulee, of the Arabic Department. 4. Pooroosh Pureechai, or the Test of Man; a work containing the moral doc trines of the Hindoos; being a translation from the Sanskrit into that dialect of the Hindoostanee language generally spoken in the upper provinces of Hindoostan: by Tarineechurn Mitr, Head Moonshee in the Hindoostanee department. 5. The second volume of Harington's Analysis of the Laws and Regulations enacted by the government in council. |