"A Last Word on Sir Hudson Lowe," by Barthelemy Baron de les Cases, is the title of a new work recently published in Paris, and which is now exciting no little attention. In reviewing it the Athenæum says:

"It was once dangerous for a person of the name of Lowe to travel in France. St. Helena is said to have been avenged on Sir Hoodson Low many a time and oft after that hard and rude janitor slept with his fathers. In the present instance, Mr. Forsyth's justifleatory publication is condemned as a long, dreary, and fastidious diatribe, and the Revue des Deux Mondes is lectured for having dragged it from its oblivion.' The baron adopts, with additions, the view taken by all reasonable men of Sir Hudson Lowe's conduct toward Napoleon. Without resuming the discussion, we may say that his criticism, though a little violent, is precise, and goes to the bottom of the subject: at the same time, we are glad that it is to be the last word' on this bitter topic."

Dr. Flügel, Professor of English Literature at the University of Leipsic, died recently in that city at an advanced age. He compiled an excellent German-English and English-German dictionary, and superintended many translations from our language.

The Bible in Turkey.-The demand for the Word of God in Turkey has obliged the British and Foreign Bible Society to make arrangements for the printing and publishing of Bibles and Commentaries on an extensive scale in Constantinople. This speaks well for the future. A correspondent, writing to the monthly paper of the Society, says :

"It is a remarkable fact that years ago our Society possessed only an obscure depot in Galata, which was opened only twice a week, and where the Turks never put their foot in, and the Christians entered it rarely and by stealth. Now, besides the great depot, which is kept open all day long in a most frequented street in Constantinople, leading to the principal bazaars, the Society's books are exposed for sale in the grand street

There is a talk of establishing in Paris a large daily newspaper, to be devoted entirely to literary, scientific, and artistic matters. The well-known Dr. Veron is named as the chief promoter of the scheme.

Mr. Vincent Figgins, a well-known English type-founder, has reproduced, for the benefit of the Aged Printers' Asylum, in England, in black letter, cast by himself, and imitated from Caxton's type, the first printer's treatise on the "Game and Playe of the Chesse." A writer in the London Athenæum, who seems charmed with both Caxton and Figgins, says:

Mr.

"Of this work. Caxton printed two editions—one with the date 1474, and the other without a date, but ornamented with various quaint and rude, but forcible illustrative wood-cuts, the general character of which was imitated in Dibdin's imperfect fac-similes. Figgins has engraved all the wood-cuts completely from tracings made from the copy of the book in the British Museum. He has also printed his edition on paper made expressly in imitation of that used by Caxton, and has bound it in antique style, with appro priate ornamental tooling. The result of all this care and imitative skill is a handsome volume, in small folio, published at the price of $10. The purchasers will not only have the satisfaction of possessing a work which is curious in itself, and gives a very accurate idea of Caxton's books, such as they first issued from the press, but will have the pleasure of contributing to a praiseworthy and excellent object. All who benefit by printing-and, in some way or other, who does not?-should bear in mind the band of skillful and useful men who, in connexion with this Art of Arts, bestow an almost unparalleled amount of labor and ingenuity, but who cannot, any more than other men, secure themselves from the unavoidable chances and occasional calamities of life."

The American Association for the advancement of Science recently held its ninth annual meeting at Providence, Rhode Island. The objects of the Association are to promote intercourse between those who are cultivating science in different parts of the United States; to give a stronger and more general impulse and a more systematic direction to scientific research in our country; and to procure for the labors of scientific men increased facilities and a wider usefulness. The Association at this time embraces more than a thousand members, consisting not only of those who are actually engaged in scientific pursuits, but of others who are the patrons and friends of science, who appreciate its importance, and are anxious to aid its progress.

Photographs.--Mr. Neipce's process of obtaining positive photographs is to expose a sheet of calotype paper to the daylight for a few seconds, or until a visible discoloration or browning of its surface takes place. Then it is dipped in a solution of iodide of potassium, consisting of five hundred grains to the pint of

water. The visible discoloration is apparently removed by this immersion--though such is no really the case, for, if the paper were dipped ints a solution of gallo-nitrate of silver, it would

speedily blacken all over. When the paper is

removed from the iodide of potassium, it is washed in water and then dried with blottingpaper. It is then placed in the camera obscura, and after five or ten minutes it is removed therefrom and washed with gallo-nitrate of silver, and warmed.

Useful Invention.-According to the London Times, a Mr. Clifford has invented a method of

lowering ships' boats, so as to insure entire security from accident. The whole operation is performed by one man only in the boat, who, by simply paying off a rope, unlashes and frees the boat from the ship's gripes, lowers her levelly into the water, and entirely disengages her, whatever her weight or the number of her crew; and it is impossible for her to cant or turn over in her descent, or for a rope to tangle or catch in its passage through the block which

he uses.

A Female Painter.-Rosa Bonheur, who is pronounced by the London News the greatest painter of rustic subjects in France, is exhibiting some of her pictures in London. Of one of these, called the "Horse Fair at Paris," the News says:

"In saying deliberately that we believe that no picture of modern times is more worthy than this of study, either by the artist or by the lover of nature, we shall be considered, perhaps, guilty of a little exaggerated enthusiasm. It may be so. Nevertheless, we have the best reasons for knowing that a large number of the most distinguished British artists hold the same opinion as ourselves. Let the picture, however, be judged by its merits. First, let the mere lover of nature, the man who has deep sympathies with all the healthy phenomena of animal life, look at the 'Horse Fair, and say if any mere representation of animals, whether by Wouvermans, or Cuyp, or Snyders, or Cooper, or Ward, or-we scarcely dare to sayby Landseer himself, has anything approaching to that exuberance of vitality which manifests itself in this astonishing delineation."

A Curious Clock.-An English paper says: The public does not generally know that at the Southeastern London Bridge Station, over the little refreshment-room facing the railway, stands a clock, whose pendulum is some five miles off; that is, at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It was made a present to the company by the government for permission to lay down its telegraph wires over their line, and is kept going by the wires of the telegraph attached to the clock of the Observatory. It is curious to observe the assumption of positive dignity with which the seconds' hand of the clock beats its time, as if conscious of its royal

and learned source of motion.

Portable Stove.-A new portable stove is described in the London Mining Journal. It is made of thin wrought iron, without any flue, and may be used upon any table or in any room. The fuel employed is cocoa-nut stearine, in cakes, burnt by means of six wicks introduced into each cake, the cake fitting into a tin dish, made exactly to contain it. No smoke is produced, and the stove is capable of boiling, baking, and broiling, and the whole is comprised in a cube of about sixteen inches. The cost of

off.

a marble-like hardness. A day or two after this operation the castings are slightly heated, and covered over with a thin coat of Canada balsam dissolved in turpentine, after which they are kept warm until the turpentine is driven Various colored substances may be used along with the materials specified to color the artificial marble, such as indigo for blue, and other substances for other colors. The marble may also be streaked and beautifully variegated."

A large picture by Raphael, inscribed with his name, and painted when he was only seventeen, is one of the chief celebrities on exhibition in London. It came from the Fesch collection, and was originally done for the Church at Città di Castello. The date attributed to it by Passavant is 1500. It displays the full influence of Pietro Perugino, and is, moreover, remarkable as the only representation by Raphael of the crucifixion. The angels balancing in the air, and the turn of the heads of the Madonna and St. John toward the spectator, contrast strongly with earlier representations of the subject, where the attention of every personage is absorbed by the central figure.

A machine for sowing seed broadcast, instead of in drills, has been invented. A series of

oblique cups are placed upon a rotating cylinder underneath the hopper, in combination with distributing plates, which convey the seed from with perfect regularity and evenness over the the hopper in such a manner that it is sprinkled

whole ground traversed by the machine.

A lithographed portrait of Molly, the second wife of the German poet Bürger, whom he has celebrated in so many of his finest and most passionate songs, has just been published at Göttingen. It has been drawn from the original painting in oil, which was offered by the dying poet "as his greatest treasure to his physician, Dr. Wrisberg, the late famous anatomist at the University of Göttingen.

Coal a

To make Artificial Marble and Stone.-The Scientific American gives the following condensed specification of a patent for the above purpose, granted to an American citizen. "The material of which the artificial stone is made is plaster of Paris. After it has been prepared and of the right shape, it is dried in a room at about 80 degrees. When completely dry, it is immersed in a warm solution of borax and glauber salts, prepared by dissolving one pound of borax and a quarter of an ounce of the salts in one gallon of water as a ratio. After the casting is thoroughly wet in this, it is removed to the drying-room and exposed to a heat of 250 degrees Fahrenheit, until all the watery parts are thrown off. It is then permitted to get nearly cold, when it is immersed in a strong hot solution of borax, to which has been added one ounce of strong nitric acid for every gallon of the borax solution. This solution is kept warm, and the castings kept in it until they are completely saturated, when they are taken out and dried, and are found to have acquired

Its

Hugh Miller, in England, he critically examined the carboniferous districts, especially the coalfields of central England, to which she has for so many years owed her flourishing trade. area, he remarks, "scarcely equals that of one of the Scottish lakes-thirty miles long and eight broad; yet how many steam-engines has it set in motion! How many railway trains has it propelled, and how many millions of tons of iron has it raised to the surface, smelted, and hammered! It has made Birmingham a great city -the first iron depot of Europe. And if one small field has done so much," he says, "what may we expect from those vast basins laid down by Lyell in the Geological Map of the United States? When glancing over the three huge coal-fields of the United States, each surrounded with its ring of old red sandstone, I called to mind the prophecy of Berkely, and thought I could at length see what he could not, the scheme of its fulfillment. He saw Persia resigning the scepter to Macedonia, Greece to Rome, and Rome to Western Europe, which abuts on the Atlantic. When America was covered with

forests, he anticipated an age when that country would occupy as prominent a place among the nations as had been occupied by Assyria and Rome. Its enormous coal-fields, some of them equal in extent to all England, seem destined to form no mean element in its greatness. If a patch containing but a few square miles has done so much for central England, what may not fields, containing many hundred square leagues, do for the United States?"

The new metal aluminum is said to be an

unquestionable conquest of science, and may be produced in any quantity for $3 a pound. Further improvements are expected to reduce its cost to fifty cents, when it will naturally replace iron in many household and familiar utensils. This discovery is one of the positive scientific achievements of the day.

Charcoal-Wood charcoal possesses a highly absorbent power for ammoniacal gases, sulphuretted hydrogen, sulphurous acid and carbonic acid gas. This property perfectly adapts it to the absorption of putrid exhalations from decaying animal bodies, a layer from one to two inches in thickness being sufficient entirely to absorb the effluvia from large animals. From dead dogs thus covered no effluvia was perceptible, while the decomposition of the bodies was accelerated. This arises from the fact that charcoal absorbs and oxydizes the effluvia, which under ordinary circumstances would be evolved directly into the air; but within the pores of the charcoal they are brought into contact with condensed oxygen, and are thus subjected to a species of low combustion, their carbon being converted into carbonic acid, and their hydrogen into water. Charcoal, therefore, instead of being antiseptic, is precisely

the reverse.

Heber. The statue which has recently been erected in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, to the memory of Bishop Heber, is said to be unsurpassed in beauty of design and excellence of execution. He is kneeling, attired in his robes, with one hand resting on the Bible, as his support, and the other upon his breast. On the pedestal, beautifully done in bass-relief, he is represented in the act of confirming two Indian

converts.

Liebig has published a method of making bread that will not readily turn sour, and that is more nutritious than ordinary bread. "Pure flour," he says, "is not all that is required for . alimentation; there wants the addition of a small quantity of lime." It is to eating bread deficient in lime that some of the diseases of prisoners and children are due. By mixing the flour with weak lime-water, not only does it become more nutritious, according to the views of the celebrated chemist, but there is an increase of eight per cent. in the quantity of bread.

It is well known that the bakers of Belgium make inferior flour into palatable bread by mixing it with sulphate of copper-a hurtful substance; while lime in the small proportions contemplated, would be harmless, if not beneficial. In this respect, the method of decorticating wheat proposed at Paris by M. Sibille may be worth notice. He makes a wash of one part lime, three parts carbonate of soda, six

parts boiling water, mixed to show a strength of three degrees by the alkalimeter, in which the grain, being soaked for two or three minutes, comes out with the outer husk perfectly removed, leaving the wheat bright and clean, and its germinating qualities uninjured.

The electric telegraph has lately been employed for the determination of longitude-of Fredericton, New Brunswick. Simultaneous signals were made at that place and at Harvard, where the position of the Observatory has been determined by the United States government, without stint of cost or labor, so that it might become the point of reference for the Coast Survey, in which their navy has been for many years engaged. The longitude of Fredericton, as now found, differs twenty-seven seconds from the former determination by astronomical observation-a remarkably small amount.

A Mr. Capplesmith, of New Harmony, Indiana, who has devoted much attention to meteorology, writes to the Smithsonian Institute that the directions given to mariners and others respecting the barometer are fallacious. Espy, Redfield, Reid, Dove, and others, affirm that the passage of a hurricane or tornado causes a depression of the baroneter, which in some cases amounts to two inches; but Mr. Capplesmith says his observations show that the passage produces a rise, and not a fall. The announcement and investigation of this new point are important.

Of the patents for inventions issued by the United States government down to the beginning of the present year, we find that 21 were for air-engines, 148 for steam-boilers, 42 for and 60 for sewing-machines. Washing-machines modes of manufacturing India-rubber goods, modestly claim 309 patents; water-wheels, 327; grain and grass harvesters, 111; plows, 372; straw-cutters, 153; smut-machines, 140; winnowing-machines, 163; and thrashing-machines,

378.

For stoves, 682 patents have been issued, exclusive of 478 for designs.

The Allgemeine Zeitung contains an interesting account of the restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's "Last Supper." For three years the perishable immortality of this work has been undergoing a dangerous process, which is now nearly finished. The refectory had once been a cavalry stable during the French occupation of Italy; and this, and the efflorescence of the saltpetre of the wall itself, had caused many spots of color to drop off. This total destruction of parts rendered its transfer to another ground impossible. The colors are now firmly fixed, cannot be rubbed off, and the removal of the dirt of centuries enables the picture to be better seen.

Don Augustin Corassao, colonel in the Peruvian army, professes to have solved the hitherto has published a pamphlet on the subject, and insoluble problem of squaring the circle. He submitted a copy of it to the Council of the University of Santiago, but omits to disclose the modus operandi.

Mr. C. Spencer and Professor Eaton, of Canastota, N. Y., are engaged in manufacturing the first equatorial telescope ever made in America. It is for the Hamilton College Observatory.

BISHOP

ISHOP AMES has come of the good old Puritan stock. His grandfather, Rev. Sylvanus Ames, was a Massachusetts man, a graduate of old Harvard, a settled pastor at Taunton, Massachusetts, a stouthearted Puritan patriot, and died in the camp of Washington at Valley Forge, where he was a chaplain, in the hard winter of 1777-8; so, at least, a printed genealogical table of the Ameses, which we have seen, records. Bishop Ames's father settled early at Athens, Ohio, where the bishop himself was born, May 20, 1806. He was converted during a remarkable VOL. VII.-26

revival of religion which took place among the students of the Ohio University in August, 1827. It was a productive revival. Among the converts, who are now ministers, and who were associated as his fellow-students in the University, were Rev. H. J. Clark, J. M. Trimble, E. H. Pilcher, W. Herr, H. E. Pilcher, and E. W. Sehon.

In 1828 and 1829 Dr. Ames taught in the M'Kendree College, at Lebanon, Ill. In August, 1830, he was licensed to preach by Rev. Peter Cartwright, whom we have already sketched, and who could have no

man under his ministerial care without "making or breaking him!" He was received on trial in the Illinois Conference the same year. On the division of the Illinois Conference in 1832, he was assigned to the Indiana Conference, and was ordained a deacon by Bishop Soule. In 1834 he was ordained elder by Bishop Roberts. He was employed in various fields of labor till 1840, when he was elected a delegate to the General Conference, held that year at Baltimore, and there chosen Corresponding Secretary of the Missionary Society. In this office he had the supervision of the German and Indian Missions of the Church. He traveled more than twenty-five thousand miles during the four years of his secretaryship, passing over the entire Indian Territory from Texas to Lake Superior, traversing wildernesses and camping out for weeks together. He had the honor to be the first chaplain ever elected by an Indian council, having served the Choctaw General Council in that capacity in 1842; and he drew up, at the request of the Committee on Education, the school law now in force in that nation-a noble bill, by the provisions of which a larger sum is appropriated for education per person than in Massachusetts itself.

Bishop Ames served as a delegate to the General Conference of 1844, and from 1844 to 1852 traveled as presiding elder on the New-Albany, Indianapolis, and Jeffersonville districts, Indiana Conference. In 1844 the State University of Indiana conferred on him the degree of A. M.

Bishop Ames is a stout, robust-looking man, as perfect a specimen of health as can be found among his ministerial brethren-which is saying much, for the habits of Methodist preachers have always tended to make them excel in two respects at least, viz., good health and good humor. Their travels, their common fare among the people, their rencontres with all sorts of examples of human nature, their vocal energy, their unstinted gesticulations, (a good sort of pulpit gymnastics,) and perhaps the hopeful geniality of their theology, have had a marked effect upon them. Bishop Ames's hair is deeply black, his head fully developed with a special prominence of the "perceptive organs," his cheeks full and florid, his eyes small and of light blue color, his chin double. There is a very marked characteristic expression

about his whole countenance; it indicates calm, frank earnestness. The indication reveals itself also in his voice, which, without being orotund, as usual with robust men, has noticeably this significance.

We

The bishop is considered an excellent preacher. We never heard him but once, and that was in the old Light-street Church, Baltimore, during the session of the Baltimore Conference of 1854. were placed (as a penalty for our dignity as a ministerial visitor) in the altar, and so wedged under the pulpit as not to get a single glimpse of the preacher—a manner, by the way, respectful reader, of showing special respect on such occasions to venerable visitors, to great men, and, sometimes by mistake, to such men as your humble servant. Of course we could hardly criticise the bishop under such circumstances; and we remember very well that we found more use for our handkerchief at our eyes than for any of the rhetorical canons of Cicero or Quinctilian. The sermon was on "Faith." It abounded in good, and not a few elaborate thoughts. It had not the usual tiresome" homiletic" Firstly," "Secondly," and "Thirdly," but was a series of reasonings and illustrations on the moral influence of "Faith." Faith was shown to be a condition of man's ordinary life; it was necessary to the relations of domestic life, business life, &c.; it is thus rendered necessary, in the economy of Providence, as a moral discipline; its salutary efficacy in this respect was strongly discussed. Its importance in the still higher relations of man with God was shown.

Faith is rendered necessary

by the necessary mystery of many divine truths; faith must necessarily be the ground of religious trustfulness; faith is essential to moral heroism, to religious self-sacrifice and labor, to religious consolation, especially under the disciplinary chastisements of Divine Providence. At this point a glow of devout interest and joyful sympathy was spread over the whole audience; some of our fellow-veterans (don't smile, Mr. Reader, for we are, inter nos, nearly a thirty-year-old Methodist) began to utter themselves rather distinctly in the old style, forgetting that the times have "improved" so much, and our own handkerchief began to grow wet. One step further in the discourse brought the feelings of the assembly to a crisis. "What," exclaimed the bishop, his voice