but the declarations of the Assembly compel me to protest in the name of truth disregarded and national rights despised."

6.-First bankruptcy trial by jury under the new Act-Emanuel, jewellers, v. Talbot. Verdict for plaintiff by consent.

The Marquis of Salisbury introduces, but withdraws, after debate, a motion regarding the foreign guarantees of the British Government, and the deficiency of the naval and military forces of the country. What other people thought of us, he said, was shown by the conduct of Russia, Prussia, and the United States, the first of whom tore up a treaty in our face, the second concluded a peace on indefensible terms and in contempt of our views, while the third openly received and honoured those whom we had cast out as rebels. To maintain guarantees extending over Europe and even into other hemispheres, we had only a small army and a fleet, which, since the Declaration of Paris, was valueless except for the defence of our own shores.-Earl Granville maintained that our armaments were sufficient to support our policy, and that at no time had the influence of this country in Continental politics been greater.

Public intimation given of the sale to Government, for 70,000l., of Sir Robert Peel's fine collection of paintings by old masters, including the well-known " Chapeau de Paille," and the finest Holbein in existence. They were soon afterwards arranged and hung upon the walls of the National Gallery.

-Died, aged 45, Henry Blackett, head of the publishing firm of Hurst and Blackett.

7. In reply to Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Gladstone states that Government had not been informed of any treaty negotiated last year between Prussia and Russia regarding the late war, and consequently Mr. Odo Russell had received no instructions on the point when sent to Versailles. Replying in similar terms to Lord Carnarvon on the 9th, Earl Granville ventured to ask, in return, if her Majesty's Opposition had any knowledge of the treaty in question.

The freehold of White's Club House, St. James's Street, sold at the Auction Mart for 46,000l.

8.-The condition of Paris reported to be uneasy and threatening, the streets crowded with men in uniform, and the heights of Montmartre still in possession of the disaffected portion of the National Guard, with guns disposed so that they commanded the whole city.

The insurgents may at any moment drop a shell in the Tuileries, the Hôtel de Ville, the Palais Royal, or any of the crowded boulevards. The respectable portion of the press and the people begin to cry aloud for the subversion of the Government of Montmartre. Troops of the line are pouring into Paris; but the party of order does not trust them-the party of disorder does not fear them. Some soldiers are already to be seen at Montmartre fraternizing."

8.-A report on the elections in Algeria submitted to the National Assembly. Gambetta, Andrien, and Colas were declared duly elected; but with respect to the fourth, General Garibaldi, the reporter proposed that, as he had already given in his resignation, a fresh election should take place. Suddenly a member rose and exclaimed that Garibaldi had no right to sit in a French Assembly, a declaration which brought M. Victor Hugo to his feet, exclaiming "that when all Europe had abandoned France, one man came forward; but he was a power in himself. He came and fought, and was the only general who was not conquered." This speech encountered the loudest interruptions, and the tumult was such that Victor Hugo in vain endeavoured to obtain a further hearing. At length he exclaimed: "Three weeks ago you refused to listen to Garibaldi; you now refuse to listen to me. I give in my resignation." Frantic applause on the Left followed this declaration, and Victor Hugo proceeded to confirm his words in writing.

The monitor ship Glatton, commenced in 1868, from designs by Mr. Reed, undocked at Chatham, Miss Scott, daughter of the Dean of Rochester, performing the christening.

9.-Russian Five per Cent. Loan of 12,000,000l. issued at about 80 net. It was attempted to raise a popular feeling against this loan, but much more than the amount required was subscribed. A protest circulated on the Stock Exchange gave the following reasons for objecting to the loan:-1. The Conference is now sitting in London to consider the conduct of Russia in the matter of the Treaty of 1856. 2. The question raised by Prince Gortschakoff was, in the opinion of her Majesty's envoy, Mr. Odo Russell, of a nature in its present state to compel us, with or without allies, to go to war with Russia. 3. Under these circumstances, as good citizens and loyal subjects of our Queen, we consider that to supply Russia with means which might be used for aggressive purposes is most unpatriotic, and until the Conference has concluded its sittings in every way to be condemned.

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ever, degenerated into a culpable and factious attitude, but the Government hoped to be able to bring back the deluded people, and to avoid civil war. As regards myself and my colleagues," said M. Thiers, "we are all of one mind. If the peace should be disturbed, you may count on our patriotism to repress disturbances with the utmost energy. We shall never fail in this, but let us hope that this extremity, which has been momentarily feared in France, will be finally avoided. If we can avoid the shedding of blood, we shall consider it an honour to have done so.'

Fire at Tooting, causing the death of an aged couple, Mr. and Mrs. Binfield, who were found suffocated in their room.

13.-Died, aged 70, Madame BonaparteWyse, widow of Sir Thomas Wyse, and daughter of Lucien Bonaparte.

- The Black Sea Conference terminates its labours by agreeing to a treaty abrogating the restrictions imposed in 1856, and permitting the Porte to receive ships of war of friendly and allied Powers, in case the Porte should deem it necessary to do so in order to ensure the execution of the stipulation of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty also provided for the prolongation of the European Commission of the Danube for twelve years, for the continual neutrality of the works already created or to be created by the Commission, and reserved the right of the Porte as a territorial Power to send ships of war into the Danube.

14.-Trades Union Bill read a second

17.-Earthquake shocks experienced in Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Durham.

18.-Revolutionary outbreak in Paris. Early this morning a Government proclamation was issued, announcing that, after having given to the disturbers of public tranquillity time to return to duty and obedience, seeing that no attention was paid to counsels and injunctions, they were now determined to act in the interests of the city and of France. "Those culpable individuals who have pretended to institute a Government of their own are about to be given up to justice. Your cannons are about to be returned to the arsenals, and to execute this urgent act of justice and reason the Government counts on your assistance." To carry out this determination strong detachments of troops, under the command of Generals Vinoy and Lecomte, were marched in the direction of Montmartre. The artillerymen of the troops mounted the hill, armed with their muskets, and engaged in parley with the officers in command, who made no opposition to the cannon being taken away. Meantime, the rappel sounded through the neighbourhood, and brought out great numbers of disaffected National Guards. Rushing upon the cannon, they were received with shots, when some of the Guards and a woman and child fell. After this words were exchanged between the National Guards and the soldiers, "the ranks broke up, and they went off to fraternise and drink together. The 88th regiment joining the insurgents, seduced other troops of the line, and all together made an attack on the gendarmerie posted on the Place Pigal. The officer in command here drew his sword, and ordered his men to fire, but he was shot down, and his detachment thereupon withdrew. In a state of wild agitation the insurgents, now complete masters of the butte Montmartre, rushed upon General Lecomte, whom Vinoy, Military Governor of Paris, had placed in command of the faithless 88th regiment. He was led, amid circumstances of gross indig nity, to the Rue des Rosiers, where he was joined, later in the day, by General Clément Thomas, who had ventured there, in plain clothes, to look after his comrade. These two generals were shot in a small garden adjoining the place of detention without trial, not, so far as could be learned, by the National Guard, but by infuriated soldiers, aided by some Mobiles who bore a grudge against General Thomas on account of the severity of his discipline during the siege. It was afterwards said that at the last moment General Lecomte, till then dignified and resolute, felt his courage fail. He tried to struggle, to fly, he ran several steps in the garden; then, instantly retaken, shaken, dragged, hustled, he fell on his knees and spoke of his children. "I have five!" said he, sobbing. The father's heart burst through the soldier's tunic. There were fathers in that crowd, and some voices replied with emotion to this heart-stirring appeal; but the implacable linesmen would not hear a word.

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"If we do not shoot him to-day, he will have us shot to-morrow." He was pushed against the wall. A sergeant of the line almost immediately advanced towards him. General," said he, "if you will promise- Suddenly changing his mind, he stepped two paces back and discharged his Chassepôt full in the General's chest. The others had only to finish the deed. Clément Thomas never showed a moment's weakness. His back against the same wall as Lecomte, but two paces from his corpse, he made head against death to the end, and spoke very harshly. When the guns were lowered, he by an instinctive gesture placed his left arm before his face; and this old Republican died in the attitude of Cæsar. Later in the day the insurgents took possession of the Hôtel de Ville, the Ministère de Justice, and the military head-quarters in the Place Vendôme. Barricades also began to appear in all directions. A proclamation signed by The Central Committee of the National Guards" was posted up in the afternoon :-" Citizens, The French people, until the attempt was made to impose upon it by force an impossible calm, has awaited without fear and without provocation the shameful fools who desired to touch the Republic. This time our brothers of the army would not raise their hands against the arch of our liberties. Thanks to all, and that you and France have proclaimed the Republic, with all its consequences, the only Government which can close for ever the era of invasions and civil wars. The state of siege is raised. The people of Paris are convoked in their comitia for the communal elections. The security of all citizens is assured by the co-operation of the National Guard." At ten o'clock at night an eye-witness writes:rebels are gaining upon the town point by point. They have come down from Montmartre and taken possession of the Prince Eugène barracks; they have planted the red flag on the column of the Bastille; we are expecting them on the boulevards every hour; half Paris is in their hands; and when we wake in the morning we expect that the town will be under the Government of the Red Republic. Private persons are in consternation, and the Government offices are in the greatest anxiety. the exterior boulevards hardly any civilians are to be seen-none but armed men; and those few civilians who venture out in this quarter are immediately followed and suspected of being police spies. With the help of lanterns, the insurgents (it is now ten o'clock at night) are busily engaged in erecting barricades. The barricade at the top of the Rue Rochechouart is becoming quite formidable. The makers of the barricades encourage themselves with solemn oaths that they will die rather than surrender."

"The

On

18. Dr. Payne Smith installed as Dean of Canterbury, in succession to Dr. Alford.

The Paris elections were to have taken place to-day, but the Mayors put aside the

action of the Committee till the consent of the National Assembly could be obtained. The Paris press also published a joint declaration counselling the electors not to vote. The Committee thereupon deferred their election scheme till the 22nd, seizing in the interim such of the mairies as were not already in their power.

18.-Died, aged 64, Professor Augustus De Morgan, an eminent authority in mathematical science.

The Queen of the Thames steamer lost near Cape Agulhas, on her homeward voyage, after making a trip of only 58 days to Sydney, the shortest known.

20. The "Central Committee" issue an official organ, with a manifesto declaring that it is the offspring of the free expression of the suffrage on the part of 215 battalions of the National Guard. It repels the accusation brought against the Committee of being the promoter of disorder, for it says the National Guard which directs it has shown itself imposing and strong by the wisdom and moderation of its conduct. The manifesto further accuses the Government of having calumniated Paris, and of having incited the provinces against the capital. It adds:-"The Government has endeavoured to impose a commanderin-chief upon you, it has sought by nocturnal attempts to deprive us of our cannon, and has finally intended to take from Paris her crown

of capital of France." A second proclama

tion fixed the election to "The Communal Council of Paris" for the 22nd (afterwards deferred to the 26th), and a third intimated that the Committee would, after the elections, lay down its provisional power in the hands of the people.

21. The Government of Versailles issue a circular to prefects declaring the news from all parts of France to be entirely reassuring.

Disorder is nowhere triumphant. In Paris the citizens are organising the suppression of the insurrection. At Versailles the National Assembly and the Government have collected an army of 45,000 trustworthy troops around them, and are masters of the situation to-day. The National Assembly yesterday held its first sitting, showing itself calm, united, and resolute. Jointly with the Executive power, it formed a committee upon the measures demanded by the circumstances. A proclamation will be shortly published to the people. Lille, Lyons, Marseilles, and Bordeaux are tranquil. You may publish this news to the people. It is strictly true, for the Government which communicates it is a truthful Government. Let it be well understood that every Government agent who tries to make terms with disorder will be prosecuted, and will forfeit his position.-THIERS."

The insurgent Journal Officiel demands that Paris shall not be separated from the provinces, nor the provinces from her. "Paris has been, is still, and must definitely remain the capital of France, the head and heart of the Democratic Republic one and indivisible. Paris has, therefore, an unquestionable right to proceed with the elections of the Communal Council, to govern herself as becomes every democratic city, and to protect herself, supported by the National Guards, composed of all citizens electing their own chiefs by universal suffrage. The Central Committee of the National Guard, in taking the necessary measures for the establishment of a Paris Communal Council and the elections of all the chiefs of the National Guards, has, therefore, taken very wise and most indispensable measures. It is now the duty of the electors and of the National Guard to support the decisions of the Government to assure the safety of France and the future of the Republic, in returning by their votes proved and devoted Republicans. To-morrow they will hold their fate in their own hands, and we are already convinced they will make a proper use of their rights. Let Paris deliver France and save the Republic. (Signed) THE DELEGATES OF THE 'OFFICIAL JOURNAL.'

22.-The Party of Order in Paris muster in large numbers and march to the Place Vendôme, where an interview is held with insurgent leaders, ending in the latter causing the National Guards to fire on the defenceless people. Ten were said to be killed. The "Central Committee" officially explained this outrage as having its origin in an attack made upon the Guards after the Party of Order had been asked to retire.

22.-M. Jules Favre reads in the Assembly a letter from Count Bismarck, complaining that the telegraph which the Germans want to use has been cut at Pantin, and requiring its restoration in twenty-four hours. Count Bismarck stated, moreover, that the condition of things in Paris offers scarcely any chance of the engagements entered into with Germany being kept, and that if the émeute be not put down forthwith Paris will be bombarded. M. Jules Favre said he had begged for time, in order that innocent people might not suffer, and had told General Fabrice that the émeute was a surprise, and that all France was faithful, but he gave it to be understood that if Paris did not submit he would concert with the Prussians in subduing it. The reading of the letter gave rise to great excite

ment.

23.- Found dead in his bed, Dr. Karl Schultzensteim, aged 73, German botanist and physiologist.

At

Garibaldi elected General-in-Chief of France by the "Central Committee." Versailles the Mayors of Paris appear in the Assembly, wearing their scarfs of office, to demand that permanent communication be opened up with the capital, but the tumult was so great that nothing could be settled. Two days later a communication to the same effect was laid on the table of the Assembly.

24.-Commenting, in the Lords, on the Tien-tsin Massacre, Lord Carnarvon attributed the outbreak to ill-feeling against foreigners generally, countenanced and encouraged by the local authorities. Earl Granville admitted that the massacre was wholly unjustifiable, but pointed out that the conduct of the Catholic missionaries was apt to excite misapprehensions among a jealous and irritable people like the Chinese. There could be no doubt about the prejudice of the people against foreigners, but the moral he drew from that was the necessity of avoiding hostile language as far as possible, and of showing toleration for habits and customs handed down from generation to generation, which must necessarily take much time and patience to eradicate.

25.-Vice-Chancellor Stuart retires from the Court of Chancery. He was succeeded by Mr. Wickens.

26. Fire in a house in Pavilion Road, Chelsea, causing the death of Mrs. Winsor and four of her children.-At Blackburn, a few hours earlier, Mrs. Kilner and two assistant female confectioners were burnt to death.

sincere convictions; men of the people, resolute and active, who are well known for their sense of justice and honesty. Give your preference to those who do not canvass for your suffrages; the only true merit is modesty; it is for the electors to know their men, not for the candidates themselves to come forward. We are convinced that you will take note of these observations, and you will at last have inaugurated a truly popular representation; you will thus have found representatives who will never consider themselves your masters. A few of the more active members of the "Central Committee" now formed themselves into a "SubCommittee," ultimately the real body in which the power of the Communal Assembly centred.

27.-The House of Lords reject the Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister Bill by 97 to 71 votes.

Mr. Goschen introduces the Navy Estimates; the sum required for the year being 9,756,3567., an increase, as compared with last year, of 385,000l.

The Emperor Napoleon visits the Queen at Windsor Castle. Her Majesty returned the visit by proceeding to Chislehurst on the 3rd April.

At a meeting in the Mansion House the Lord Mayor announces that the Captain Relief Fund now amounted to 54,000%.

28. The Commune proclaimed in Paris in front of the Hôtel de Ville. The members of the Communal Council assembled on a platform fronting the great entrance of Henry IV., over which was placed a bust representing the Republic, wearing a Cap of Liberty, ornamented with red ribbons and flags. Numerous speeches were delivered, but amidst the hum of the crowd of National Guards who filled the square they were not much heard. Salvoes of artillery were also fired from a battery on the quay. The Journal Officiel had previously announced that Paris, "federated with the Communes of France already enfranchised, ought in her own name and in the names of Lyons and Marseilles, and soon, perhaps, of the other large towns, to study the clauses of the contract which ought to bind them to the nation, and to lay down an ultimatum to the treaty which they intend to sign. The ultimatum ought to contain a guarantee for their autonomy and reconquered municipal sovereignty, should secure free play for the connection existing between the Commune; and the representatives of the national unity should impose upon the Assembly, if it accepts the treaty, the promulgation of an Electoral law by which the representatives of the town shall not for the future be absorbed, and, as it were, drowned by the representatives of the country districts." Direct incitement was at the same time given to assassinate the Duke d'Aumale.

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Society (writes Citizen Vaillant) has but one duty towards these Princes-Death! But one formality is required-the proof of identity.

The D'Orleans are in France; the Bonapartes desire to return. Let good citizens think of it." The red flag was now hoisted on all public buildings.

28. Declining the offer made to command the National Guard of the Commune, Garibaldi writes from Caprera :-" Choose a single trustworthy citizen-and you are not without them -Victor Hugo, Louis Blanc, Félix Pyat, as well as Edgar Quinet and the other veterans of radical democracy can serve you. Generals Cremer and Billot, who, I perceive, have your confidence, may count among the number. Remember well, however, that one single trustworthy man ought to be entrusted with the supreme position with full powers. This man will choose other honourable men to aid in the rough task of saving the country. And, if you have the good fortune to find a Washington, France will rise from her shipwreck in a little time greater than ever."

29.-Died, aged 52, Louise, Queen of Sweden.

The London School Board discuss a motion submitted by Professor Huxley for restricting Bible-reading in elementary schools to selections submitted to and approved by the Board. An amendment was proposed by the Rev. Prebendary Thorold directing the Committee on the Scheme of Education to select for approval a course of Bible readings, and giving instructions to the teachers to choose special passages as occasion might arise. The motion and also the amendment were rejected.

A

- The Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences opened by the Queen, who was received, on entering, by the Prince of Wales as President of the Provisional Committee. Biblical Cantata, composed for the occasion by Sir M. Costa, was afterwards given with great effect. Eight thousand people were said to be within the building on this occasion.

30. Mr. Dilke's motion expressing regret that Government assented to a conference on the Black Sea question under the circumstances disclosed in Prince Gortschakoff's note, negatived, after debate, without a division.

The official organ of the Commune publishes a decree abolishing the conscription, and declaring that no central force, with the excep tion of the National Guard, can be created or introduced into Paris. All able-bodied citizens to form part of the National Guard. Another decree grants a general remission of rent to lodgers from October 1870 until April 1871. The amounts paid during those seven months will be reckoned on for the months to come. The sale of all articles deposited at the Mont de Piété is suspended. Another decree directs all officials in the public offices to regard from henceforth as null and void all orders or communications emanating from the Government