A Practical Treatise on the Construction and Formation of Railways: Showing the Practical Application and Expense of Excavating, Haulage, Embanking, and Permanent Waylaying; Also, the Method of Fixing Roads Upon Continuous Timber Bearings ... |
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Common terms and phrases
27 feet 36 feet arches barrow Batter of Slopes bottom Breadth at Formation bricks bridge calculated canal cast-iron cause chain in length chair Chat Moss coals conveyed cube yds cubic content cubic yards decimals Depth Breadth Depth of Cutting descending planes distance draught draw drawn one mile effect embankment empty waggons equalised excavated earth expense feet span fence foot 24 feet force of 150 Formation Level foundation friction gross load gullet hedge horse hundred inches per chain Inclinations of Ascending latter layers Loch Eil locks malleable iron masonry method mile per day miles in length mortar mound navigation Newcastle-upon-Tyne North Shields palm oil perpendclr foot 36 perpendclr foot Cutting Perpendicular Foot quantity railroads railway ratio river river Tees river Tyne road side sleepers soil thickness timber tion tons total resistance tractive force tractive power transverse tunnel underneath wall weight drawn wheels wrought-iron
Popular passages
Page 131 - And they said, Go to, let us build us a city, and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
Page 131 - Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore : let them go and gather straw for themselves.
Page 28 - ... and thicknesse of the coale, rare engines to draw water out of the pits, waggons with one horse, to carry down coales from the pits, to the stathes...
Page 26 - A level way was covered with a broad platform of strong and solid planks ; and, to render them more slippery and smooth, they were anointed with the fat of sheep and oxen. Fourscore light galleys and brigantines, of fifty and thirty oars, were disembarked on the Bosphorus shore ; arranged successively on rollers, and drawn forward by the power of men and pulleys.
Page 28 - The manner of the carriage is by laying rails of timber, from the colliery, down to the river, exactly straight and parallel ; and bulky carts are made with four rowlets fitting these rails ; whereby the carriage is so easy that one horse will draw down four or five chaldron of coals, and is an immense benefit to the coal merchants.
Page 31 - Railways have been in use in this kingdom time out of mind, and they were usually formed of scantlings of good sound oak, laid on sills or sleepers of the same timber, and pinned together with the same stuff. But the proprietors of Colebrook-dale Iron Works, a very respectable and opulent company eventually determined to cover these oak rails with cast-iron, not altogether as a necessary expedient of improvement, but in part as a well-digested measure of economy in
Page 23 - It is possible that roads paved with iron may hereafter be employed for the purpose of expeditious travelling, since there is scarcely any resistance to be overcome, except that of the air; and such roads will allow the velocity to be increased almost without limit.
Page 127 - Watson found by experiment that upon an average every ton of limestone produced i icwt. iqr. ^.Ibs. of quick-lime, weighed before it was cold ; and that when exposed to the air it increased in weight daily at the rate of a hundred weight per ton for the first five or six days after it was drawn from the kiln.
Page 7 - ... road was raised into a terrace. " In mountainous districts, the roads were alternately cut through mountains and raised above the valleys, so as to preserve either a level line or a uniform inclination. They founded the road on piles where the ground was not solid, and raised it by strong side walls, or by arches and piers where it was necessary to gain elevation. The paved part of the great military roads was sixteen Roman feet wide, with two side ways, each eight feet wide, separated from the...
Page 49 - Rule. — To the tonnage in each direction add the weight of the waggons required to carry the greater tonnage, divide the greater sum by the less, and make the quotient, diminished by 1, the numerator, and the same quotient, with 1 added, the denominator of a fraction. Multiply this fraction by the fraction representing the resistance on the level rails, and the result will be the fraction shewing the best inclination for the trade.