promotion of wisdom and virtue, and the moral cultivation of mankind; and in order to obtain these objects, and at the same time to provide security from outward oppression of every description. In this spirit Weishaupt devised the statutes for the members, whom before he fell upon the name Illuminati, he called Perfecti-bilisten. On the 3d May, 1776, the order was consecrated. It consisted of the following parts or degrees:

First class. Plant school, a; preparatory maxims, b: noviciate, c; minervalis, d; Illuminatus minor, e; consecration of a magistratus.

Second class. Freemasonry, 1; Symbolical, a; ritual of an apprentice; craft and M, b; constitution book, 2; Scottish a; Illuminatus major, or Scottish novice, b; Illuminatus dirigens, or Scottish knight. Third class. Mysteries, I; lesser, a; presbyter or priests' degree, b; princeps or the regent's degree, II; larger mysteries, a; magus, b. Rex. But this constitution was never properly carried out. The good of which the Illuminati boasted was counterbalanced by the following evil: Weishaupt had at the formation of the society taken the order of Jesuits as a model, changing what was evil in one society into good in the other. Weishaupt required, what for want of compulsory means and the position of the members, he could not obtain, blind obedience from the subordinates to their chiefs; a sort of Catholic confession was introduced; the members were to exert themselves everywhere to attach respectable men of good connexions to them, and gain an influence in all public assemblies-to endeavour to obtain possession of all public posts and places, and not only to render a monthly account of their own progress in morality and knowledge, but also that of their neighbours.

Indische Mysterien. Indian Mysteries. The Indians have still their mysteries, which it is very probable they received from the ancient Egyptians. These mysteries are in the possession of the Brahmins, and their ancestors were the ancient Brachmen. It is only the sons of these priests who are eligible to be initiated. Had a grown up youth of the Brachmen sufficiently hardened his body, learned to subdue his passions, and given the requisite proofs of his abilities at school, he must submit to an especial proof of his fortitude before he was admitted into the mysteries, which proofs were given in a cavern. A second cavern in the middle of a high hill contained the statues of nature, which were neither made of gold, nor of silver, nor of earth, nor of stone, but of a very hard material resembling wood, the composition of which was unknown to any mortal. These statues are said to have been given by God to his Son to serve as models by which he might form all created beings. Upon the crown of one of those statues stood the likeness of Bruma, who was the same with them as Osiris was with the Egyptians. The inner part and the entrance also into this cavern was quite dark, and those who wished to enter into it were obliged to seek the way with a lighted torch. A door led into the inner part, on the opening of which the water that surrounded the border of the cavern broke loose. If the candidate for initiation was worthy, he opened the door quite easily, and a spring of the purest water flowed gently upon him and purified him. Those, on the contrary, who were guilty of any crime, could not open the door; and if they were candid they confessed their sins to the priest, and besought him to turn away the anger of the gods by prayer and fasting. In this cavern on a certain day the Brachmen held their annual assembly. Some of them dwelt constantly there; others came there only in the spring and harvest-conversed

with each other upon the doctrines contained in their mysteries-contemplated the hieroglyphics upon the statues, and endeavoured to decypher them. Those among the initiated who were in the lowest degrees, and who could not comprehend the sublime doctrine of one God, worshipped the sun and other inferior divinities. This was also the religion of the common people. The Brahmins, the present inhabitants of India, those pure descendants of the ancient Brachmen, do not admit any person into their mysteries without having first diligently enquired into his character and capabilities, and duly proved his fortitude and prudence. No one could be initiated until he had attained a certain age; and before his initiation, the novice had to prepare himself by prayer, fasting, and alms-giving, and other good works, for many days. When the appointed day arrived, he bathed himself and went to the Guru or chief Brahmin, who kept one of his own apartments ready in which to perform this ceremony. Before he was admitted, he was asked, if he earnestly desired to be initiated. If it was not curiosity which induced him to do so. If he felt himself strong enough to perform the ceremonies which would be prescribed to him, for the whole of his life, without the exception of a single day. He was at the same time advised to defer the ceremony for a time, if he had not suffi cient confidence in his strength. If the youth continued firm in his resolution, and showed a zealous disposition to enter into the paths of righteousness, the Guru addressed a charge to him upon the manner of living to which he was about to pledge himself for the future. He threatened him with the punishment of heaven if he conducted himself wickedly promised him on the contrary the most glorious reward if he would constantly keep the path of righteousness. After this exhortation, and having received his pledge, the candidate was conducted to the prepared chamber, the door of which stood open, that all those who were assembled might participate in the offering about to be made. Different fruits were thrown into the fire, while the high priest with many ceremonies prayed that God might be present with them in that sacred place. The Guru then conducted the youth behind a curtain, both having their heads covered, and then gently pronounced into his ear a word of one or two syllables, which he was as gently to repeat into the ear of the Guru, that no other person might hear it. In this word was the prayer which the initiated was to repeat as often as he could for the whole day, yet in the greatest stillness and without ever moving the lips. Neither durst he discover this sacred word unto any person. No European has ever been able to discover this word, so sacred is this secret to them. When the newly initiated has repeated this command several times, then the chief Brahmin instructs him in the ceremoniesteaches him several songs to the honour of God, and finally dismisses him with many exhortations to pursue a virtuous course of life.

Instructionen und Instructions Logen. Instruction and Lodges of Instruction. Any person can be made a member of the Order by being initiated; but by so doing, he for the most part only learns to know the ceremonies; and the precise being or meaning of Freemasonry he must learn by being afterwards instructed. In many Lodges those instructions are written out as a commentary, and are given to the Lodge from time to time: at these times the W.M. or lecturer has ample room for explanatory remarks. In other Lodges it is left to the W.M. to instruct the Brethren upon Masonic subjects, according to his own views. These instructions must form a principal part of the labours of a Lodge and the candidate must pay great attention to them.

COLLEGE MUSINGS.

THE STUDENT'S DIARY, AND FARTHER RAMBLES TO ANCIENT MONA, OR ISLE OF MAN, IN SEARCH OF THE PICTURESQUE.

(Continued from page 40.)

CHAPTER VI.

On the 1st of July, in the midsummer recess of 18-, I sailed from the Port of Whitehaven at 9 o'clock A.M. (nautical style), in a trading schooner, the only description of vessel at that period by which visitors could reach the island from that part of the opposite coast. Having no purser or steward on board, and each passenger being obliged to victual himself, according to the maritime language, and being no adept in catering, I was ill provided with stores; but I anticipated merely a few hours' sailing, and the circumstance therefore did not give me very great uneasiness. The cabin complement consisted of two, besides myself, a lady and gentleman, who were very conversible, particularly the male, who proved a most facetious and cheerful companion, always reducing every thing to a figure, from which I conjectured he was a commercial character; and dolefully regretting to me his neglect of a classical education when in conversation with our lady passenger. She decidedly claimed that rank by her superior deportment. From that pleasing naïve diction which the accomplished Irishwomen never relinquish, and which adds a peculiar charm to their always fascinating manners, I discovered that my fair compagnon du voyage was a daughter of Hibernia, and an officer's widow going on a visit to relations residing in the land of our present destination. The passage across the channel was tedious and irksome to all of us, occupying, from contrary winds, the incredible space of forty-eight hours! There being no comfortable accommodation owing to the size and class of the vessel, this delay would have been totally insufferable, and to myself rather inconvenient on the score of provisions, had not the good spirits of the rest of the party rallied me, and their stock generously supplied what my inexperience had not furnished. We were tantalised by a sudden calm, which obliged the master to cast anchor in sight of both coasts, but contrived, greatly to our relief and amusement, to disembark at early dawn, about 4 o'clock A.M., in Saxy Bay, a sweetly romantic estuary. The dilatory tedium of the passage, and the peculiar inconveniences of our bark, had been the means of introducing such sociability into our narrow circle, that it pained me to anticipate the hour of separation. We made an exchange of cards, and any unconcerned spectator would have imagined from the manner in which we took leave of one another, that our acquaintance had existed for years instead of hours. My fair friend very politely invited me when I came to Peel Town to take her uncle's retirement in my route, which I very readily promised to do. Not being able to procure any comfortable conveyance, I walked with my fellow-passenger, whose facetious humour had been a great source of amusement on board ship, and whom I subsequently dubbed, from his portly habit, Sir John Falstaff, to Douglas Town, five miles, no ordinary labour to the knight under a July's morning sun. In spite of the nauseating sickness produced by the see-saw motion of our lazy

vessel, I made a very fair breakfast on arriving at the hotel. I observed that this is no meagre unsubstantial meal in that "snug-tight-little island." There is a peculiar mode of conserving herrings, a fish that forms one of its staple articles of trade-which makes a most exquisite dish. Living of every description is remarkably cheap and abundant. Wines, spirits, and teas, which pay in England high custom-house and excise duties, being free from import here; and the privilege of protecting runaway debtors from the mother-country having been abolished, Douglas has become a great resort as a watering-place for visitors from the opposite shores of England and Ireland.

After doing ample justice to the breakfast, I strolled out to take a survey of the town and harbour. The quay, or more properly speaking perhaps, the pier, is the grand promenade. From its extremity, where there is a lighthouse to point out the entrance of the port, which is narrow and very rocky, you obtain a fine view of the beautiful bay, extending with a graceful sweep for three miles-the shore studded by elegant marine villas in detached terraces, and, on the slope of the hill which rises to a great elevation, stands in the dignified position of an ancient fabric, Mona Castle,* formerly the seat of the Duke of Athol, then sole possessor and feudal lord of the isle. It is a fine old mansion commanding a magnificent view of the bay and the channel; and when "kept up" in baronial style was no doubt a place of regal grandeur. It is now, with all the fiscal rights, privileges, and proprietorship in the soil of the whole island sold, I believe by the reigning duke, to government. But the immunities, from the operation of the excise laws, which render it so cheap a residence for families with a prescribed income, are still preserved. In the upper part of the town ascending from the harbour, new streets of private houses are erecting every season. Such is the alteration of the place; and towards the road to Castle-town, the capital of the island, the Nunnery, so called, where General resides, and another gentleman's residence, with the grounds and groves of each, form a finished ornament to the town. The hotels are remarkably good, and during the summer months want not for supporters, for every tide brings upon its bosom shoals of steampackets from Liverpool or Dublin thronged with passengers. For "the study of mankind," I think I never obtained a better or more various collection of the species. I could reckon at the ordinary (to speak English) of my hotel, a poet, a painter, an actor, a physician, a lawyer, a sailor, a soldier, a merchant, in short, a host of every denomination, barring the canaille. The different sentiments of each upon any one given topic, if committed to paper, would have created a perfect Babel of opinions. It almost made me think there could not be found any two persons who would exactly agree on any one particular subject. This manly and sociable freedom of intercourse introduced me to the acquaintance of a new arrival, whom I quickly discovered to be a peripatetic like myself. He was many years my senior, but his manners, conversation, and sentiments so won upon my romantic fancy, that, when he observed he intended making a tour of the island on foot, Í esteemed it a privilege to be admitted his companion in the same design. On the following morning, therefore, at five o'clock, whilst the greatest part of the inhabitants were buried in sleep, we found ourselves merrily pacing together the road to Castle-town, twelve miles to the south

*This is now, 1846,-a first-rate hotel.

western part of the island, "sniffing the morning air," redolent of coolness and fragrance, and stopping at intervals to admire some pretty villa peeping out from its woodland enclosure. We were "congenial spirits," and nature had cast us in the same mould for similarity of taste and feeling. If he live, and ever reads these by-gone reminiscences of our pleasant travel, he will learn how much I valued his too brief acquaintance. He will remember how the execrable roads here and there excited our mutual ire; then again, how a sudden turn called forth our simultaneous commendation of the wild and picturesque scenery; how we devoutly examined some little indigenous plant, whose beauties hidden to the common eye lifted our admiring souls from "Nature to nature's God!" And, perhaps, it was as pleasant to him as it was to me, our literary and philosophical converse.

We got to Castle Town about 8 o'clock, where we were glad to indulge our hungry appetites in breakfasting. It is a dull uninteresting place, and excepting its very antiquated Castle, the theatre of several local acts of petty tyranny in "days of olden time," and now the jail of the island, possesses nothing worthy the tourist's notice. As our present destination was Peel Town, situated on the western side of the island, twelve or fourteen miles farther on, we had recourse to the map of the guide-book I had purchased at Douglas Town-an indispensably useful little manual-to chalk out our line of march." Defraying our moderate breakfast-bill, therefore, onward we proceeded. The track from hence for many miles is very dreary, through a sterile and rocky country, looking naked of vegetation, and chilling in its general aspect, till you approach a pass called Hamilton Bridge. The country then assumes a cultivated appearance, undulating with hill and dale, and dotted with neat white kirks, as the churches are called there, although it is an Episcopal establishment, with their rural burial grounds. The Manx people are mostly a religious race, and great care and attention is bestowed upon their places of worship. The memory of their eminently good Bishop, Wilson, is not faded, and the influence of his truly pastoral acts is observable to this day. The dust and heat had half broiled us in crossing a mountainous ridge, without a shelter of any kind from the scorching rays of the sun; and it was with exhilirated spirits that we hailed in the distance a road-side cabeen, and quenched our parching thirst with a draught of the Irish landlady's small-beer; while her national vivacity and shrewd garrulity diverted our attention for a brief half hour from the fatigue we endured. In pursuing our route my companion enlightened me upon the reasons of the duke's disposing of his inheritance here, and thus discoursing, we overtook a group of the natives" decked in holiday suit," on their way, as they informed us, to St. John's fair; and as this place lay on our road, we joined company, amusing and instructing ourselves by asking them a number of questions connected with their agricultural pursuits, to which they gave us very intelligent replies, exhibiting none of the clownish stupidity or rudeness so generally conspicuous among the boors of other regions. Indeed, they were most necessary interpreters to us of the use and purposes of a small machine driven by a water-wheel, to which our attention was attracted by its noise, like that of a fulling mill. The object itself, without understanding at first its peculiar benefits, deserved the regard of the searcher and lover of the picturesque. The situation where the useful little machine was built merited pencilling. It was down in a silent glen, above which we were wending our footsteps, forming a