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TRANSFER OF ORIGINAL MONUMENTS TO MORE DESIRABLE SITES

Most of the cast-iron monuments set in 1843-1845 have been reset, or replaced by new monuments, on their original sites. Some of the old monuments, however, were found in positions which were threatened by stream erosion or by caving

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banks of steep slopes; while others were found at inconspicuous places or on low ground which did not permit of good foundations except at a considerable cost. These were moved to other points on the boundary line, on near-by ridges or on firm ground. A list of these transferred monuments, with the distances between their original and present positions, follows:

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MONUMENTS MOVED ALONG THE VERMONT-QUEBEC BOUNDARY IN 1906-1907

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MONUMENTS MOVED ALONG THE NEW YORK-QUEBEC BOUNDARY IN 1902

The changes made in the positions of original monuments on the New YorkQuebec boundary, when they were replaced by new ones in 1902, are shown by the following quotation from the report of the State engineer and surveyor of New York and the report of the chief astronomer and boundary commissioner of Canada, under whom the monumenting was done.14

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One of the monuments that had to be moved; No. 554, at
Derby Line, Vermont

"It was a matter of current report that certain monuments, namely, Nos. 659, 719, 721, and 743, had been moved from their original positions by unauthorized persons. Our survey showed, however, that the first of these was only 44 inches from the true line, and No. 719 was exactly on line. Nos. 721 and 743 proved to be 3.39 feet and 4.41 feet, respectively, off line. No. 743 was also found to have been moved easterly a distance of 53.81 feet, and, as will be seen from the notes we have given of our examination of the monuments, was completely loose in the hole, and turned partly

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around.

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crepancies in the positions of these two monuments were much greater than any others found, and far beyond the range of accidental error of line running or monument setting in the original survey. Our survey shows the probable error of the placing of an original monument to be not more than 2 or 3 inches. This was considered by us to be corroborative of the rumored displacement, and we set the new monuments on the true line: No. 721, 3.39 feet, and No. 743, 4.41 feet, south of where we found the old posts. No. 743 was also moved westerly 53.81 feet. "Monument No. 734, previously referred to, was not rebuilt. No. 754, which originally stood in the center of the main street of Dundee, was erected 11.48 feet west of the bottom of the old monument, which was left in place. No. 770, formerly on the east

Monument 554, after it had been moved and reset

bank of St. Regis River, was placed about 10 feet east of the highway, which runs nearly parallel to the river, a short distance back from the east bank.

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