CHAPTER XXVIII. FORT YUMA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY. Crossing of the Colorado continued-Description of Fort Yuma-The Colorado and Gila rivers-The adjacent country-Rich alluvial bottomsFacility of irrigation-Ruins of the old Spanish Missions-Difficulty of supplying Fort Yuma-Plan for surveying the head waters of the Gulf of California-Frustrated by Colonel Graham-Discovery of the Colorado in 1540 by Alarchon-Later voyages-Difficulties in navigating the Colorado-Attempt of a steamer to ascend the river-Its velocity and height-Fort Defiance-Massacre of Dr. Langdon and his party by the Yumas-Indians of the Colorado-Early tribes not identified-The Yumas-Cocopas-Mohavis-Extent of Alarchon's voyage in 1542— Fathers Kino, Font, and Garces.. PAGE . 156 CHAPTER XXIX. FORT YUMA TO THE COCO-MARICOPA VILLAGES. Leave Fort Yuma-Absence of grass along the Gila-Petahaya or Giant Cereus Gila trout-Meet the surveying party-Inscribed rocks-Excessive heat-Night marches-Wagons found-How caches are made— Particulars of the murder of Mr. Oatman and his wife-Basin of the Gila-More sculptured rocks-Cross the Jornada-Great bend of the river-Another desert-Toilsome march-Reach the Coco-Maricopa villages.. 185 CHAPTER XXX. THE COCO-MARICOPA AND THE PIMO INDIANS. Visit from the Coco-Maricopa Indians-Camp removed to the banks of the Gila-The river dry, and no grass-War party-Return to our first camp-Traffic with these Indians-Farther accounts of the Oatman family-Francisco, the Maricopa interpreter-Feeding the tribe-Visit from the Pimos--Religious notions of these tribes-Their manners and customs-Agriculture-Art of spinning and weaving--Manufactures of cotton-Pottery-Basket-work-Dress-Their attempts at collecting zoological specimens-Villages-Houses and mode of building-Store houses-Horses and cattle. CHAPTER XXXI. AT THE COCO-MARICOPA AND PIMO VILLAGES. Journey to the river Salinas-Its rich bottom-lands-Large stream--Pimo Indians-Ruined buildings-Mounds-Broken pottery-Traces of irrigating canals-Ancient population probably large-Return towards the Pimo villages-Are taken for Apaches-Arrival at camp-Arrival of Lieutenant Whipple-Survey of the Gila completed-Trade reopened with the Coco-Maricopas-Presents-Tribe of Cawenas-Remove to the Pimo villages-Cola Azul and the Pimos-Traffic with them-Conference-Giving presents-Arrival of Mexican tradersReturn of Lieutenant Paige with the escort-Leave the villages. PAGE . . 239 CHAPTER XXXIL INDIANS OF THE GILA, AND THE CASAS GRANDES. History of the Coco-Maricopas and Pimos-Origin of their semi-civilization -Difference of languages-Their number-Physical peculiaritiesDeserving the attention of Christians and philanthropists-Early accounts of these Indians-First described by Father Kino in 1697Sedelmayer's visit to them in 1744-Father Font's in 1775-Visit to the Casas Grandes of the Gila-Description of these ruins-Evidences of a former large population-Irrigating canals-Broken pottery-Father Font's description of these buildings-Singular error in relation to their dimensions-Kino and Mangi's visit to them in 1694-Notion of the Aztec origin of these buildings not well founded-Excessive heat. . . 261 CHAPTER XXVIII. FORT YUMA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY. Crossing of the Colorado continued-Description of Fort Yuma-The Colorado and Gila rivers-The adjacent country-Rich alluvial bottomsFacility of irrigation-Ruins of the old Spanish Missions-Difficulty of supplying Fort Yuma-Plan for surveying the head waters of the Gulf of California-Frustrated by Colonel Graham-Discovery of the Colorado in 1540 by Alarchon-Later voyages-Difficulties in navigating the Colorado-Attempt of a steamer to ascend the river-Its velocity and height-Fort Defiance-Massacre of Dr. Langdon and his party by the Yumas-Indians of the Colorado-Early tribes not identified-The Yumas-Cocopas-Mohavis-Extent of Alarchon's voyage in 1542Fathers Kino, Font, and Garces.. PAGE 156 CHAPTER XXIX. FORT YUMA TO THE COCO-MARICOPA VILLAGES. Leave Fort Yuma-Absence of grass along the Gila-Petahaya or Giant Cereus-Gila trout-Meet the surveying party-Inscribed rocks-Excessive heat-Night marches-Wagons found-How caches are madeParticulars of the murder of Mr. Oatman and his wife-Basin of the Gila-More sculptured rocks-Cross the Jornada-Great bend of the river-Another desert-Toilsome march-Reach the Coco-Maricopa villages. . 185 CHAPTER XXX. THE COCO-MARICOPA AND THE PIMO INDIANS. Visit from the Coco-Maricopa Indians-Camp removed to the banks of the Gila-The river dry, and no grass-War party-Return to our first camp-Traffic with these Indians-Farther accounts of the Oatman family-Francisco, the Maricopa interpreter-Feeding the tribe-Visit from the Pimos-Religious notions of these tribes-Their manners and customs-Agriculture-Art of spinning and weaving--Manufactures of cotton-Pottery-Basket-work-Dress-Their attempts at collecting zoological specimens-Villages-Houses and mode of building-Store houses-Horses and cattle. 213 CHAPTER XXXI. AT THE COCO-MARICOPA AND PIMO VILLAGES. Journey to the river Salinas-Its rich bottom-lands-Large stream--Pimo Indians-Ruined buildings-Mounds-Broken pottery-Traces of irrigating canals-Ancient population probably large-Return towards the Pimo villages-Are taken for Apaches-Arrival at camp--Arrival of Lieutenant Whipple-Survey of the Gila completed-Trade reopened with the Coco-Maricopas-Presents-Tribe of Cawenas-Remove to the Pimo villages-Cola Azul and the Pimos-Traffic with them-Conference-Giving presents-Arrival of Mexican tradersReturn of Lieutenant Paige with the escort-Leave the villages. PAGE 239 CHAPTER XXXII INDIANS OF THE GILA, AND THE CASAS GRANDES. History of the Coco-Maricopas and Pimos-Origin of their semi-civilization -Difference of languages-Their number-Physical peculiaritiesDeserving the attention of Christians and philanthropists-Early accounts of these Indians-First described by Father Kino in 1697Sedelmayer's visit to them in 1744-Father Font's in 1775-Visit to the Casas Grandes of the Gila-Description of these ruins-Evidences of a former large population—Irrigating canals—Broken pottery-Father Font's description of these buildings-Singular error in relation to their dimensions-Kino and Mangi's visit to them in 1694-Notion of the Aztec origin of these buildings not well founded-Excessive heat. . 261 CHAPTER XXXIII. CASAS GRANDES TO SANTA CRUZ. Leave the Gila-Terrific storm on the desert-Encounter a party of Amerieans at midnight—Stopped by the darkness-Unpleasant situationPack mules and cattle missing-Picacho mountain-Vegetation of the desert-Second night's march-Arrival at Tucson-General BlancoArrival of Mexican troops-Campaign against the Apaches-Meet Mr. Coons with 14,000 sheep-His disasters-Visit from General Blanco and his officers-Repairs on wagons-Tucson and its valley-Meteorite San Xavier del Bac-Beautiful church-Spanish and Anglo-Saxon colonization-Incessant rains-Presidio of Tubac-Meet Inez Gonzales the captive girl-Her sad fate-Uncertainty of irrigated lands-California emigrants-Calabasa-Picturesque valley-Tumacacori-San Lazaro -More emigrants-Reach Santa Cruz.. PAGE 285 CHAPTER XXXIV. SANTA CRUZ TO THE PRESIDIO OF JANOS. Shoeing mules and repairing wagons at Santa Cruz-Standing guard-Sad fate of Inez Gonzales-Sickness of the town-Boldness of the Apaches and their constant inroads-Wretched state of the people-Leave Santa Cruz-Country assumes a new aspect-Rio San Pedro-Enter the mountains-Agua Prieta-Prepare for a fight-False alarm-Meet Colonel Garcia with Mexican troops--Enter Guadalupe Pass-Wagon upset-Description of the country-A better route suggested-Take the Janos road-More emigrants and their encounter with a bear-Two human bodies found-Open country-Reach Janos. 314 CHAPTER XXXV. JANOS TO CORRELITOS, AND VISIT TO CASAS GRANDES Janos, an old military post-Its decline-Aid a party of American emigrants-A Thomsonian doctor-Difficulty in fording the Casas Grandes river-Arrival at Correlitos-Smelting works-Unhealthiness of the people-Barranca Colorado-Visit to the town of Casas Grandes-Extensive ruins-Resemblance to those on the Gila-Fertile valley-The river and its tributaries-Modern town-Return to Correlitos. . 339 CHAPTER XXXVI. CORRELITOS TO EL PASO. Leave Correlitos-Visit the silver mines of Messrs. Flotte and ZuloagaAttempt of a peon to escape-Rio Santa Maria-Recent fight of Ameri |