tory of the Customs Union and the principality of Schaumburg, as more particularly stipulated in the following Articles.

IV. From this period all import, export, and transit dues cease at the boundaries between the principality of Schaumburg and the rest of the Customs Union territory, and all articles may be imported freely and unrestrictedly from the former into the latter, and vice versa, excepting only,

a. The articles belonging to the State monopolies (salt), likewise playing-cards and almanacs, according to Articles V and VI.

b. The productions which are taxed in the interior of the Customs Union States, according to Article VII.

c. Such articles as cannot be imitated or introduced without infraction of the privileges or patents of invention granted by one of the Union States, and which must therefore remain excluded, for the duration of the patents or privileges, from importation into the State which has granted them.

V. With respect to the importation of playing-cards and almanacs, the principle upon which the existing prohibitive or restrictive laws are applied in all the States and territories belonging to the Customs Union, is also applicable in regard to the principality of Schaumburg.

VI. With reference to the importation, exportation, and transport of salt, as well as with reference to the trade in salt, the Treaty stipulations existing for the principal territory of the Electorate of Hesse also come into operation for the principality of Schaumburg.

VII. In regard to those productions upon which a tax is laid in the separate States of the Union, partly on their production or preparation, partly immediately on their consumption, as well as in respect to the traffic in such productions between the States of the Union, the stipulations hereon which have been established in common in Article III of the Treaty of 8 May last, concerning the continuance of the Customs and Commercial Union, are also applicable to the principality of Schaumburg. Accordingly, with respect to the taxes which are to be levied in the principality of Schaumburg on brandy, wine, and tobacco, in conformity with the provisions of the special Treaties of this date, neither shall any return of duties be allowed, nor any transit duties be levied on brandy, wine, and tobacco passing from Prussia into the principality of Schaumburg, and vice versa. In regard to the other members of the Customs Union, the principality of Schaumburg will enter into the same relations as the principal Electoral territories respecting the return of duties to be allowed, and the transit duties to be levied on wine and tobacco, but respecting those on brandy into the same relations as Prussia. [1855-56.] 4 D

VIII. His Highness the Elector and co-Regent of Hesse also accedes for the principality of Schaumburg to the provisions contained in Article IV of the above-mentioned Treaty of the 8th of May last, respecting the taxation of sugar prepared from red beet, likewise respecting the taxation of the sugar or treacle-manufacture from other native productions.

IX. The stipulations agreed to among the other members of the Customs Union,

1. Respecting the amount and the levying of highway, dvke, bridge, ferry, gate, and paving dues, without distinction whether such levies be made on account of the national treasuries, or on private account, as that of a community; likewise respecting the amount and the levying of canal, lock, harbour, weighing, cranage, and warehouse dues;

2. Respecting money, weights, and measures;

3. Respecting the adoption of uniform principles for the promotion of industrial occupations; especially,

a. Respecting the duties to be paid by the subjects of one Union State who are engaged in trade or industrial occupation in the territory of another Union State;

b. Respecting the free admission of manufacturers and other traders who merely make purchases on account of their business, or of travellers who do not carry with them the goods themselves, but only patterns, for the purpose of soliciting orders; moreover,

e. Respecting visits to fairs and markets;

4. Respecting the water tolls or passage dues upon rivers, and the equal participation of the subjects of the other Union States in the privileges of navigation which may be accorded to the native subjects;

Shall also come into operation in the principality of Schaumburg. X. His Highness the Elector and co-Regent of Hesse will publish the Customs Treaty of 11th May, 1833, in the principality of Schaumburg, and will bring the same into operation there from the 1st of January, 1842; and the Governments of the rest of the Union States will equally apply the same, from the same period, in relation to the principality of Schaumburg.

XI. His Highness the Elector and co-Regent will order the establishment in the principality of Schaumburg of the administration required by the laws and ordinances mentioned in Article II, and will employ the necessary officials for the levying and supervision of the Customs. The superior Customs authorities at Cassel who manage the Customs service will instruct these officials according to the general administration and service regulations agreed

upon.

The arrangements already existing among the members of the

Customs Union will regulate the creation and establishment of the places for the collection of the Customs and the despatch of business, as well as the official authority of the same, and the organization of the supervising staff; likewise the pay of all the Customs officers in the county of Schaumburg.

The average sums required for the expenses of the Customs administration at the frontiers shall be agreed upon according to the existing rules, and placed at the disposal of the Electoral Government for this purpose, from the common revenues.

XII. The participation of Electoral Hesse in the division of the common Customs revenues among the members of the Union, according to the provisions of Article VII of the Treaty of 8th of May last, concerning the continuance of the Customs and Commercial Union, will be for the principality of Schaumburg in such wise that the population thereof will be reckoned in with the number of souls in the Electorate, with the exception of the circle of Smalkald, which is included in the Thuringian Customs and Commercial Union.

XIII. The Electoral Government binds itself to take such measures as may be necessary to prevent injury to the common Customs revenues by the importation and accumulation of stores of goods either free of duty or but lightly charged therewith.

XIV. Everything that relates to the executive details of the provisions contained in the present Treaty shall be arranged by joint Commissioners.

XV. The duration of this Treaty is provisionally fixed until the last of December, 1853, with the understanding that if notice of its termination be not given by either party at least one year before its expiration, it shall be considered as prolonged for 12 years further, and so on from 12 years to 12 years.

This Treaty shall be immediately submitted for ratification to all the Governments concerned, and the exchange of the ratification documents shall be effected at Berlin, as speedily as possible.

Done at Berlin, 13th November, 1841.

(L.S.) ERNST MICHAELIS.

(L.S.) ADOLPH GEORG THEODOR POCHHAMMER. (L.S.) HEINRICH THEODOR LUDWIG SCHWEDES.

TREATY between Prussia and Hanover, on the one part, and Oldenburg, on the other part, for the Accession of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg to the Treaty concluded between Prussia and Hanover, on the 7th September, 1851,* for the Amalgamation of the Tax Union with the Customs Union. Signed at Hanover, March 1, 1852.

[Ratifications exchanged at Berlin, March 13, 1852.]

(Translation.)

His Majesty the King of Prussia, His Majesty the King of Hanover, and His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, equally influenced by the desire of securing, so far also as concerns the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the amalgamation of the Tax Union with the Customs Union, have fully empowered:

His Majesty the King of Prussia, His Majesty's Privy Councillor of Finance, Dach;

His Majesty the King of Hanover, His Majesty's DirectorGeneral of Indirect Taxes and Customs, Dr. Klenze; and

His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, His Royal Highness's Director of Taxes, Meyer, to negotiate and conclude a Treaty thereupon.

These Commissioners, after due exchange and acknowledgment of their full powers, have agreed upon the following stipulations, subject to the ratification of the several Contracting Parties:

ART. I. The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg accedes in all points to the Treaty concerning the amalgamation of the Tax Union with the Customs Union, concluded on the 7th of September, 1851, between Prussia and Hanover, and is thereby placed on the same footing as Hanover with regard to all rights and obligations originating in that Treaty, so far as the objects affected thereby are found in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

II. The respective ratifications of this Treaty shall be exchanged within eight days.

Done at Hanover, the 1st of March, 1852. (L.S.) EDOUARD DACH.

(L.S.) OTTO KLENZE.

(L.S.) KARL MEYER.

COMPLEMENTAL PROTOCOL.

On the signature of the Treaty of this day's date, concerning the accession of Oldenburg to the Treaty of the 7th of September, 1851, for the amalgamation of the Tax Union with the Customs Union, the Commissioners empowered to conclude this Treaty have further agreed upon the following points, which, though not intended for Vol. XLI. Page 1113.

immediate publication, are yet, subject to ratification, to have the same validity, permanence and force, as though they were included in the Treaty itself.

A. Concerning Article I of this day's Treaty,

The accession of Oldenburg extends to the Separate Article of the Treaty of the 7th September, 1851.

B. Concerning Article II of this day's Treaty,

The Government of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg will take steps so that in regard to the relations originating in this day's Treaty the union of the Lordship of Knyphausen with the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg may continue.

C. Concerning Separate Article XIII of the 7th of September, 1851, and Article I of this day's Treaty,

Oldenburg will take part, with the same right of voting as Hanover, in the negotiations with the other States of the Union, provided for in the Separate Article XIII of the Treaty of the 7th of September, 1851.

D. The consent of the representative bodies of the several countries to the matters agreed on this day, so far as in each of the three States the same is constitutionally necessary, is reserved. Done at Hanover, the 1st of March, 1852. (L.S.) EDOUARD DACH.

(L.S.) OTTO KLENZE.

(L.S.) KARL MEYER.

TREATY between Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemberg, Baden, Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, the States forming the Thuringian Customs and Commercial Union, Brunswick, Oldenburg, Nassau, and the Free City of Frankfort, for the Continuance and Extension of the German Customs and Commercial Union ("Zoll und Handelsverein").Signed at Berlin, April 4, 1853.

(Translation.)

WHEREAS the Governments of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemberg, Baden, Electoral Hesse, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the States belonging to the Thuringian Customs and Commercial Union, Brunswick, Oldenburg, Nassau and the Free City of Frankfort, recognizing the beneficial effects which the Customs and Commercial Union, based upon the Treaties of the 22nd and 30th March and 11th May, 1833;* of the 12th May and 10th December, 1835; † of the 2nd January, 1836; ‡ and of the 8th May,§ * Vol. XX. Pages 472, 487, 513. + Vol. XXXVII. Pages 1218, 1391. + Vol. XXXVII. Page 1235. § Vol. XXXVII. Page 1444.