without his own free will; nor shall any of the Sultan of Morocco's subjects have a claim or right upon any goods of a British merchant, but what such merchant may give them voluntarily; and nothing shall be taken away from any British merchant but what shall be agreed upon between the respective parties.

The same rule shall be observed with regard to Moorish subjects in the dominions of the Queen of Great Britain.

VII. No subject of the Queen of Great Britain, nor any person under her protection, shall, in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, be made liable to pay a debt due from another person of his nation, unless he shall have made himself responsible or guarantee for the debtor, by a document under his own handwriting; and, in like manner, the subjects of the Sultan of Morocco shall not be made liable to pay a debt due from another person of his nation to a subject of Great Britain, unless he shall have made himself responsible or guarantee for the debtor by a document under his own handwriting.

VIII. In all criminal cases and complaints, and in all civil differences, disputes, or causes of litigation which may occur between British subjects, the British Consul-General, Consul, ViceConsul, or Consular Agent, shall be sole judge and arbiter. No Governor, Kadi, or other Moorish authority, shall intermeddle therein; but the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, in all matters of criminal or civil cognizance arising or existing between British subjects exclusively, be amenable to the tribunal of the Consul-General, Consul, or other British authority only.

IX. All criminal cases and complaints, and all civil differences, disputes, or causes of litigation arising between British subjects and subjects of the Moorish Government, shall be adjusted in the following manner.

If the plaintiff be a British subject and the defendant a Moorish subject, the Governor of the town or district, or the Kadi, according as the case may appertain to their respective Courts, shall alone judge the case; the British subject making his appeal to the Governor or Kadi, through the British Consul-General, Consul, or his deputy, who will have a right to be present in the Court during the whole trial of the case.

In like manner, if the plaintiff be a Moorish subject, and the defendant a British subject, the case shall be referred to the sole judgment and decision of the British Consul-General, Consul, ViceConsul, or Consular Agent; the plaintiff shall make his appeal through the Moorish authorities; and the Moorish Governor, Kadi, or other officer who may be appointed by them shall be present, if he or they so desire, during the trial and judgment of the case. Should the British or Moorish litigant be dissatisfied with the

decision of the Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, Governor, or Kadi (according as the case may appertain to their respective Courts), he shall have a right of appeal to Her Britannic Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires and Consul-General, or to the Moorish Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, as the case may be.

X. A British subject suing, in a Moorish court of law, a subject of the Sultan of Morocco, for a debt contracted within the dominions of the Queen of Great Britain, shall be required to produce an acknowledgment of the claim written either in the European or Arabic characters, and signed by the Moorish debtor in the presence of, and testified by, the Moorish Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or before 2 witnesses whose signatures shall have been at the time, or subsequently, certified by the Moorish Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or by a British Notary in a place where no Moorish Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent resides. Each document so witnessed or certified by the Moorish Consul, Consular Agent, or British Notary, shall have full force and value in a Moorish tribunal. Should at any time a Moorish debtor escape to any town or place in Morocco where the authority of the Sultan may be established, and where no British Consul or Consular Agent may reside, the Moorish Government shall compel the Moorish debtor to come to Tangier, or other port or town in Morocco where the British creditor may desire to prosecute his claim before a Moorish court of law.

XI. Should the British Consul-General, or any of the British Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents, have at any time. occasion to request from the Moorish Government the assistance of soldiers, guards, armed boats, or other aid for the purpose of arresting or transporting any British subject, the demand shall immediately be complied with, on payment of the usual fees given on such occasions by Moorish subjects.

XII. If any subject of the Sultan be found guilty before the Kadi of producing false evidence to the injury or prejudice of a British subject, he shall be severely punished by the Moorish Government according to the Mahometan law. In like manner, the British Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, shall take care that any British subject who may be convicted of the same offence against a Moorish subject, shall be severely punished according to the law of Great Britain.

XIII. All British subjects, whether Mahometans, Jews, or Christians, shall alike enjoy all the rights and privileges granted by the present Treaty and the Convention of Commerce and Navigation which has also been concluded this day, or which shall at any time be granted to the most favoured nation.

XIV. In all criminal cases, differences, disputes or other causes

of litigation arising between British subjects and the subjects or citizens of other foreign nations, no Governor, Kadi, or other Moorish authority shall have a right to interfere, unless a Moorish subject may have received thereby any injury to his person or property, in which case the Moorish authority, or one of his officers, shall have a right to be present at the tribunal of the Consul.

Such cases shall be decided solely in the tribunals of the foreign Consuls, without the interference of the Moorish Government, according to the established usages which have hitherto been acted upon, or may hereafter be arranged between such Consuls.

XV. It is agreed and covenanted that neither of the High Contracting Parties shall knowingly receive into or retain in its service any subjects of the other party who have deserted from the naval or military service of that other party; but that, on the contrary, each of the Contracting Parties shall respectively discharge from its service any such deserters, upon being required by the other party so to do.

And it is further agreed, that if any of the crew of any merchant-vessel of either Contracting party, not being slaves, nor being subjects of the party upon whom the demand is made, shall desert from such vessel within any port in the territory of the other party, the authorities of such port and territory shall be bound to give every assistance in their power for the apprehension of such deserters, on application being made by the Consul-General or Consul of the party concerned, or by the deputy or representative of the Consul-General or Consul; and no person whatever shall protect or harbour such deserters.

XVI. No British subject professing the Mahometan faith, or who may have professed the Mahometan religion, shall be considered as having in any manner lost, or as being by reason thereof in any degree less entitled to, the rights and privileges, or the full protection, enjoyed by British subjects who are Christians; but all British subjects, whatever their religion may be, shall enjoy all the rights and privileges secured by the present Treaty to British subjects, without any distinction or difference.

XVII. Any subjects of the Queen of Great Britain who may be found in the dominious of the Sultan of Morocco, either in time of peace or in time of war, shall have perfect liberty to depart to their own country, or to any other country, in their own ships or in the ships of any other nation; and they shall also be free to dispose as they please of their goods and property of every kind, and to carry away with them the value of all such goods and property, as well as to take their families and domestics even though born and brought up in Africa or elsewhere out of the British dominions, without any one interfering with or preventing them under any pretence.

All these rights shall be likewise granted to the subjects of the Sultan of Morocco who may be in the dominions of the Queen of Great Britain.

XVIII. If any subject of Her Britannic Majesty, or any native of a State or place under British protection, should die in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, no Governor or officer of the Sultan shall, under any pretence, dispose of the goods or property of the deceased, nor shall any one interfere therewith; but all the property and goods belonging to the deceased, and all that was under his hands and in his possession, shall be taken possession of by the persons chosen by him for that purpose, and named in his will as his heirs, if they should be present; but in case such heir or heirs should be absent, then the Consul-General, Consul, or his deputy, shall take possession of all the property and effects, after making a list or inventory thereof, specifying every article correctly, until he delivers the same to the heir of the deceased. But should the deceased die without making any will, the Consul-General, Consul, or his deputy, shall have the right to take possession of all the property left by him, and to preserve it for the persons entitled by law to the property of the deceased; and if the deceased should leave behind him debts due to him from individuals, then the Governor of the town, or those who have such a power, shall compel the debtors to pay what is due from them either to the Consul-General, Consul, or his deputy, for the benefit of the estate of the deceased; and likewise, if the deceased should leave behind him debts due from him to a subject of the Sultan of Morocco, the Consul-General, Consul, or his deputy shall assist the creditor in the recovery of his claim upon the estate of the deceased.

XIX. The present Treaty shall apply generally to all the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, and to all subjects who are under her obedience, and all those who inhabit any town or place which is considered part of her kingdom, as also to all her subjects in Gibraltar and its inhabitants, and likewise to the inhabitants of the United States of the Ionian Islands which are under her protection; and all those who are called or described as English shall be considered as British subjects, without any distinction between those born in and those born out of Great Britain; and if the Queen of Great Britain should hereafter possess a town or a country which, either by conquest or by Treaty, shall enter under her authority, all its people and inhabitants shall be considered as British subjects, even if only for the first time subjected to Great Britain.

XX. The subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, and those who are under her government or protection, shall have the full benefit of the privileges and of the particular favours granted by this Treaty and which may be allowed to the subjects of other nations that are

at war with Great Britain; and if after this date any other privileges shall be granted to any other Power, the same shall be extended and apply to and in favour of all British subjects in every respect, as to the subjects of such other Power.

XXI. If a subject of the Sultan of Morocco should ship himself and his goods on board of a vessel belonging to a nation at war with the Queen of Great Britain, and that ship should be taken by a British man-of-war, the said Moroquine subject, and also his goods, provided they be not contraband of war, shall not be molested or interfered with, but both he and the goods which he has on board the vessel thus taken, shall be let free, and he shall be set at liberty to go where he pleases. In like manner, if a British subject should take his passage on board of a vessel belonging to a nation at war. with the Sultan of Morocco, and that vessel be taken by a Moroquine cruizer, such British subject shall not be molested, nor shall his goods, if not contraband of war, which he may have with him on board of the vessel thus taken, be interfered with, but he shall have his liberty, and be left free to go where he pleases, with his goods without impediment or delay.

XXII. If any duly commissioned British vessel should capture a ship, and take her to a harbour in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, the captors shall be allowed to sell such prize or the goods taken in her, without impediment from any one; or they shall be at liberty to depart with their prize and take her to any other place they please.

XXIII. If a British vessel should be chased by an enemy to within gun-shot from the seaports or shores of the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, the local authorities shall respect and defend her as much as they can; and, in like manner, the ships of Morocco shall be protected in all the seaports or coasts of the dominions of the Queen of Great Britain.

XXIV. If a cruizer not belonging either to the Queen of Great Britain or to the Sultan of Morocco should possess letters of marque from a nation at war with Great Britain or with Morocco, that eruizer shall not be permitted to remain in any of the harbours or seaports of either of the 2 parties, nor to sell its prizes therein, nor to exchange such prizes or their cargo for other merchandize; nor shall any such cruizer be allowed to purchase stores or provisions, except as much as may be absolutely necessary for the voyage to the nearest port of its own country.

XXV. If an armed ship of a nation at war with Great Britain should be found in any of the harbours or seaports of the Sultan of Morocco, and at the same time a British skip should happen to be also there, web ship of the enemy of Great Britain shall not be allowed to seize upon the Brineb reel, nor to cause it any injury;