Egypt, and self-determination, 97; dis-
position, 196.

Election of 1918, as rebuke to Wilson,
32.
Entangling alliances. See Isolation.
Equality of nations, sacrifice in Wilson's
draft of League, 44, 45, 67, 81, 85, 90;
in Lansing's form for League, 58, 59;
ignored in Cecil plan, 88, 89; primacy
of Great Powers retained in reported
Covenant, 135, 138; violation by
Treaty, 164-167, 273, 274; and secret
diplomacy at Conference, 219, 238-

240.

Esthonia, Wilson and, 99; autonomy,
193.

Ethnic influence on boundary lines, 103.
See also Racial minorities; Self-de-
termination.

Finland, question of independence, 193.
Fiume affair, Lansing's attitude, 222;
Pact of London in light of dissolu-
tion of Austria-Hungary, 223-225;
resulting increase in Italian claims as
basis for compromise, 225; attitude
of Italy toward Jugo-Slavia, 225, 226;
commercial importance of Fiume to
Jugo-Slavia, 226; campaign of Italian
delegates for Fiume, 227, 228; Italian
public sentiment, 228; character of
population, self-determination ques-
tion, 229; efforts to get Wilson's ap-
proval, 229-231; threat to retire from
Conference, 231; Wilson's statement
against Italian claim, 232; withdrawal
of delegation, 232; Italian resentment
against Wilson, 232; as lesson on
secret diplomacy, 233-235; delegation
returns, 235; and Shantung, 259, 260.
Fourteen Points, announced, 17; af-
firmative guaranty in, 35, 38; insuf-
ficient as programme, 191; text, 314-
316.

France, Alsace-Lorraine, 196, 315; res-
toration, 315. See also Clemenceau;
French alliance; Great Powers.
Freedom of the seas, in Fourteen Points,
314.

French alliance, as subject of disagree-
ment, 8; provisions of treaty, 178; re-
lation to League, 179, 185; and re-
moval of certain French demands
from Treaty of Peace, 179, 180; and
French adherence to League, 179-181,
185; Lansing's opposition, 182, 183,
185, 186; drafted, signed, 182; Lan-
sing and signing, 183; arguments for,
183-185.

Geographic influence on boundary lines,
103.

Georgia, Wilson and, 99.
Germany, buffer state on the Rhine,
179, 180; and Russian route to the
East, 192, 193; Lansing's memoran-
dum on territorial settlements, 194,
196, 197; military impotence, 197.
See also Central Powers; French al-
liance; Mandates.

Ginn Peace Foundation, 30.
Great Britain, and clause on self-de-
termination, 95; Egypt, 196. See also
French alliance; Great Powers; Lloyd
George.

Great Powers, and mandates, 156-160.
See also Balance of power; Council of
Four; Equality of nations.
Greece, territory, 194.
Gregory, Thomas W., and Wilson's
modus vivendi idea, 207.
Guaranty. See Affirmative; Self-deny-
ing.

Hague Conventions, and international
peace, 30.
Hague Tribunal, and Lansing's plan, 65,
73; Wilson's contempt, 130; recogni-
tion in Cecil plan, 296.
Hands Off, as basis of Lansing's plan, 75.
Health, promotion in Treaty, 312.
Heligoland, dismantlement, disposition,
196.

Herzegovina, disposition, 194.
Historic influence on boundary lines,

103.

Hostilities. See Prevention of war.
House, Edward M., joins Supreme War
Council, 14; conference on armistice
terms, 15; selection as peace negotia-

tor, 15; and President as delegate, 15,
25, 26; Commission of Inquiry, 18;
and drafting of League, 36, 42, 122,
216; and international court, 73, 131,
132; and "self-denying covenant,'
79, 124; and balance of power, 78;
of Commission on the League of Na-
tions, 117; and mandates, 153, 160;
and data, 202; ignorant of Wilson's
programme, 205; and Preliminary
Treaty with detailed Covenant, 210,
211; and private consultations, 214.
See also American Commission.
Hungary, separation from Austria, 194,

tlement.
International enforcement. See Affirm-
ative guaranty.

International military force, in Wilson's
original draft, 287; in Treaty, 308.
International military staff, proposal,
179, 185.

Interparliamentary Congress, in Cecil
plan, 296.

Inviolability of League property, 302.
Irish, and self-determination, 97.
Isolation, policy, and affirmative guar-
anty, 39, 168; and mandates, 149; and
French alliance, 180, 185, 186.
Italy, and Cecil plan, 89; territory, 194,
315. See also Fiume; Great Powers.

Japan, and Cecil plan, 89; in Council of

Ten, 213. See also Great Powers;
Shantung.

Judicial settlement of international dis-
putes, Lansing's plan, 62-64; subor-
dinated in Wilson's draft, 67, 74, 82,
169; Lansing on diplomatic adjust-
ment and, 70-73; Lansing urges as nu-
cleus of League, 73; in Lansing's reso-
lution of principles, 116, 117; Lansing's
appeal for, in Covenant, 126-130; ar-
bitrators of litigant nations, 127; dif-
ficulties in procedure, 127, 128; cost,
128; elimination from Covenant of ap-
peal from arbitral awards, how effected,

129, 131-133, 169; Lansing's appeal
ignored, 130, 131; in Cecil plan, 296.
See also Arbitration; Diplomatic ad-
justment.

Jugo-Slavia, and Anglo-Franco-Ameri-
can alliance, 180; port, 194; erected,
194, 224. See also Fiume.
Kato, Baron, and Shantung, 248.
Kiao-Chau. See Shantung.
Kiel Canal, internationalization, 196.
Koo, V. K. Wellington, argument on
Shantung, 253.

Labor article, in Wilson's original draft,
293; in Treaty, 312.

Lansing, Robert, resignation asked and
given, 3; divergence of judgment from
President, 3, 4; reasons for retaining
office, 3, 137, 162, 187-189, 264, 265;
reasons for narrative, 4; imputation
of faithlessness, 5, 24, 106, 163, 270;
personal narrative, 6; subjects of dis-
agreement, 8, 9, 278-280; attitude
toward duty as negotiator, 7, 8, 10;
policy as to advice to President, 10;
President's attitude towards opinions,
11, 23, 59, 60, 62, 79, 87, 105-108, 130,
131; method of treatment of subject,
12, 26, 27; conference on armistice
terms, 15; selected as a negotiator, 15;
opposition to President being a dele-
gate, 15, 21-23, 25; President's atti-
tude toward this opposition, 23; and
Commission of Inquiry, 18; arrival in
Paris, 48; and balance of power, 78,
79; and paramount need of speedy
peace, 110-113, 209, 210; opposition
to mandates, 150-154, 160; opposition
to French alliance treaty, 179, 180,
182, 183, 185, 186; signs it, 182,
183; personal relations with President,
186; memorandum on American pro-
gramme (1918), 192-197; has projet
of treaty prepared, Wilson resents it,
199-201; on lack of organization in
American Commission, 201; and lack
of programme, 205, 206; and Ameri-
can Commission during President's ab-
sence, 203, 204, 208, 209; on Wilson's
modus vivendi idea, 207; opposition
to secret diplomacy, effect on Wilson,
219-221; and Fiume, 222, 230; and
Shantung, 254-256, 261-263; Bullitt
affair, 269-272; views on Treaty when
presented to Germans, 272-274; and

ratification of Treaty, 276. See also
American Commission; League; Wil-

son.

Latvia, Wilson and, 99; autonomy, 193.
League of Nations, principles as subject

of disagreement, 8; as object of peace
negotiations, 18; as reason for Presi-
dent's participation in Conference,
28; Wilson's belief in necessity, 28, 31;
American support of idea, earlier
plans and associations, 29-33; diver-
gence of opinion on form, 33; political
and juridical forms of organization,
34; Wilson's belief in international
force and affirmative guaranty, 34,
35; affirmative guaranty in Fourteen
Points, 35, 36, 316; Phillimore's re-
port, 36; preparation of Wilson's
original draft, House as author, 36, 37,
42, 122, 216; Lansing not consulted,
reason, 37, 41, 42, 46; Lansing's op-
position to affirmative guaranty, 37,
44, 48-50, 78, 85, 167-169; Lansing
and non-intercourse peace plan, 40;
draft impracticable, 43; and equality
of nations, 44, 45, 67, 81, 85, 88-90,
135, 138, 164-167, 273, 274; Lansing's

self-denying covenant," 44, 52-54,
86; Lansing accepts guaranty as mat-
ter of expediency, 45, 49; diplomatic
adjustment as basis of Wilson's draft,
46; guaranty in first draft, later draft,
and Treaty, 54-56, 93, 94; Lansing's
substitute, 56-59, 62-67, 74-76; his
communications not acknowledged,
59, 60, 62, 79, 87; incorporation of de-
tailed Covenant in Treaty, 61; ir-
reconcilable differences between Wil-
son's and Lansing's plans, 67-70, 85;
Lansing on diplomatic adjustment
versus judicial settlement, 70-73;
Lansing urges international court as
nucleus, 73; three doctrines of Lan-
sing's plan, 75; Lansing's first view of
Wilson's draft, 79; his opinion of its
form, 81; of its principles, 81; Wilson
considers affirmative guaranty essen-
tial, effect on Treaty, 87, 124, 125;
American Commission ignored on
matters concerning, 87, 105-108, 143,
217; Cecil plan, 88, 89; Wilson's op-
position to it, 89-92; question of self-
determination, 94-105; Lansing's pro-
posed resolution of principles in
Treaty and later detailing, 109, 110,
170-172; detailed Covenant or speedy

peace, 109-112, 173-177, 209-211;
Wilson utilizes desire for peace to
force acceptance of League, 112, 119,
140, 173-177; Lansing proposes reso-
lution to Wilson, 113, 114; and to
Council of Ten, 115; drafted resolu-
tion of principles, 115-117; Commis-
sion on the League of Nations ap-
pointed, American members, 117;
resolution and Wilson's return to
United States, 117-119; Wilson's
draft before Commission, 119; Wilson
pigeonholes resolution, 119-121; re-
vision of Wilson's draft, 122; Lan-
sing's appeal for international court,
126-130; it is ignored, 130, 131; elimi-
nation of appeal from arbitral awards,
how effected, 129, 131-133, 169; re-
port of Commission, Wilson's ad-
dress, 134; character of report and
work of Commission, main principles
unaltered, 134, 135, 137, 172; Wilson
and American opposition (Feb.), 135,
139-143; American Commission and
report, 136, 137; amendments to
placate American opinion, 142, 143;
reaction in Europe due to American
opposition, 143, 144; change in char-
acter and addition of functions to pre-
serve it, 145, 148, 154, 156; summary
of Lansing's objections, 164-177; and
French alliance, 179-181, 185; in a
preliminary treaty as a modus vi-
vendi, 206-208; as subject of Wilson's
private consultations, 214; secrecy in
negotiations, 216, 235; and Shantung
bargain, 245-247, 261; Bullitt's report
of Lansing's attitude, 269-272; and
carrying out of the Treaty, 273, 274;
as merely a name for the Quintuple Al-
liance, 273, 274; text of Wilson's origi-
nal draft, 281-294; of Cecil plan, 295-
298; in Treaty, 299-313. See also
Mandates.

League to Enforce Peace, 30; Wilson's
address, 34. 35.

Lithuania, Wilson and, 99; autonomy,

193.

Lloyd George, David, Supreme War
Council, 14; and French alliance, 181,
182. See also Council of Four.
Log-rolling at Conference, 236.
London, Pact of, 223.

Makino, Baron, and Shantung, 254, 255.
Mandates, in Smuts plan, Wilson adopts