The History and Description of Fossil Fuel, the Collieries, and Coal Trade of Great Britain |
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Page ix
... Plants which chiefly enter into the composition of Peat bogs- Irish and Scotch bog mosses - Extraneous remains found in Peat bogs - Analogy between the depositions of some stratified turbaries and the Coal formation - Method of digging ...
... Plants which chiefly enter into the composition of Peat bogs- Irish and Scotch bog mosses - Extraneous remains found in Peat bogs - Analogy between the depositions of some stratified turbaries and the Coal formation - Method of digging ...
Page x
... plants existing at the period when the Coal beds were deposited - Plants of the upper Coal - Cycadiform fronds - Ligneous fossils of the true Coal formation - Mr . Witham's observations - Modifying causes of the variety of casts of ...
... plants existing at the period when the Coal beds were deposited - Plants of the upper Coal - Cycadiform fronds - Ligneous fossils of the true Coal formation - Mr . Witham's observations - Modifying causes of the variety of casts of ...
Page 24
... plants a similar approximation to a graduated scale of being is apparent . Referring to geological phenomena , he assumes that the pri- meval ocean invested our planet entirely , long after it became the habitation of living beings ...
... plants a similar approximation to a graduated scale of being is apparent . Referring to geological phenomena , he assumes that the pri- meval ocean invested our planet entirely , long after it became the habitation of living beings ...
Page 27
... plants are not unfrequently found in their neighbourhood , coincide with such an explana- tion . The plants from which these beds were formed , once stood and grew in the place where they were buried ; and from these remains we infer ...
... plants are not unfrequently found in their neighbourhood , coincide with such an explana- tion . The plants from which these beds were formed , once stood and grew in the place where they were buried ; and from these remains we infer ...
Page 28
... plants , though not entirely dissolved , was yet much comminuted , and was kept floating and swim- ming , and then precipitated . How can we , in any other way , account for the layers of sand - stone and slate clay , with which coal ...
... plants , though not entirely dissolved , was yet much comminuted , and was kept floating and swim- ming , and then precipitated . How can we , in any other way , account for the layers of sand - stone and slate clay , with which coal ...
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Common terms and phrases
appear basin beds of coal bituminous bottom Buddle burning called carboniferous chaldrons clay coal district coal field coal formation coal measures coal mines coal strata coal trade coke collieries combustion common commonly considerable corfe corves Davy lamp deposits depth distance Durham duty dykes earth explosion exported fathoms feet fire fire damp fossil fuel geological geologists heat hostmen hundred immense importance inches inflammable iron ironstone John Pit keels lamp lignites limestone London main coal mass means mentioned miles mineral nature neighbourhood Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne Northumberland occur origin peat persons pit-coal pitmen plants port portion present produced quantity remarked river river Tyne rocks sandstone Scotland seam shaft shale ships side sometimes South species Staffordshire Staith strata stratum substance supposed surface thickness tion tons town Tyne various vegetable matter vessels waggons Wallsend White post Whitehaven wood workmen yards Yorkshire
Popular passages
Page 349 - Another thing that is remarkable is their wayleaves, for when men have pieces of ground between the colliery and the river they sell leave to lead coals over their ground, and so dear that the owner of a rood of ground will expect £20 per annum for this leave.
Page 48 - One interesting circumstance attending the history of peatmosses is the high state of preservation of animal substances buried in them for periods of many years. In June, 1747, the body of a woman was found six feet deep, in a peatmoor in the Isle of Axholm, in Lincolnshire. The antique sandals on her feet afforded evidence of her having been buried there for many ages ; yet her nails, hair, and skin, are described as having shown hardly any marks of decay.
Page 319 - ... there are old men yet dwelling in the village where I remain, which have noted three things to be marvellously altered in England within their sound remembrance. One is, the multitude of chimneys lately erected ; whereas, in their young days, there were not above two or three, if so many, in most uplandish towns of the realm (the religious...
Page 257 - The machine being rendered useless by the irruption, the rope of, the gin was sent down the pit with all expedition. In the absence of horses, a number of men, whom the wish to be instrumental in rescuing their neighbours from their perilous situation, seemed to supply with strength proportionate to the urgency of the occasion, put their shoulders to the s shafts of the gin, and wrought it with astonishing expedition.
Page 257 - Pit gin, being on a crane not within the influence of the blast, were fortunately preserved. The coal dust, ejected from the William Pit into the drift or horizontal parts of the tube, was about three inches thick, and soon burnt to a light cinder. Pieces of burning coal, driven off the solid stratum of the mine, were also blown up this shaft.* " As soon as the explosion was heard, the wives and children of the workmen ran to the working-pit.
Page 375 - ... and the usual names of the several and respective collieries out of which the said coals are and shall be wrought and gotten, and the price paid by the master or masters for each and every sort of coals that each and every fitter or other person vending or delivering coals as aforesaid...
Page 354 - The manner of the carriage is by laying rails of timber, from the colliery, down to the river, exactly straight and parallel ; and bulky carts are made with four rowlets fitting these rails ; whereby the carriage is so easy that one horse will draw down four or five chaldron of coals, and is an immense benefit to the coal merchants.
Page 403 - Aolona, in Albania ; and in large pieces on the shores, or floating on the surface of the Asphaltic Lake, in Judea, called the Dead Sea. It abounds in the islands of Barbadoes and Trinidad, in the West Indies.* In the latter, it occurs in a vast lake, three miles in circumference, called the Pitch Lake ; the thickness of which is unknown. A gentle heat renders it ductile, and when mixed with grease or common pitch, it is used for paying the bottom of ships. Bitumen enters into the composition of...
Page 412 - The heat which the oven acquires in a former operation is always sufficient of itself to light up the new charge; the combustion of which is accelerated by the atmospheric air, that rushes in through the joints of the loose bricks in the door-way. In two or three hours, the combustion gets to such a height, that...
Page 121 - Antrim coal district is not very extensive. These collieries have been wrought for a number of years. The coal is of a slaty nature, and greatly resembles both the coal, and the accompanying rocks, which occur in Ayrshire, and probably they belong to the same formation.