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were discovered 700 veins of metal, and from whence an immense quantity was extracted, there was a large population of Spaniards, at least as far as the remains and ruins of a large town testify. This province has also a mine of very white and transparent talc, which furnishes the whole of Peru for glasses of windows, both in the churches and houses.

The corregidor used to collect a repartimiento of 96,505 dollars, and it paid an alcabala of 772 dollars yearly. Its population consists of the following settlements: Caquiaviri, Viacha,

Tiahuanaco,

Huaqui,

Asiento de San Juan
Berenguela,
Calacoto,
Caquingora,
Callapa,
Carahicara de Pacages,
Hulloma,
Achocalla,

S. Andres de Machaca, Jesus de Machaca, (in which is a Beataria with 12 nuns,) Santiago de Machaca, S. Pedro del Desaguadero.

PACAMOROS YAGUARSONGO, or SAN JUAN DE SALINAS, a province and government, vulgarly called De Bracamoros, in the kingdom of Quito, to the s.; antiently called Silla and Chacainga, and now San Jean, from its capital; bounded n. by the territory of Zamora and the province of Loxa, w. by the province of Piura, s. by the river Marañon, or Amazon, and e. by the woods and territories of the Xibaros Indians. Its population is included in the cities of Loyola, Valladolid, Jaen, and Santiago de Las Montañas, which is entirely destroyed; the others being also reduced to miserable villages, having nothing more about them of a city than the name. This province is watered by the rivers Guancabamba, Chinchipe, Paracasa, Turumbasa, Num balle, Palanda, Simanchi, Sangalla, and San Francisco, the which divides the bishopric of Quito from that of Truxillo.

It has rich gold mines, but not of the best quality, and it is but thinly peopled, and without any commerce. The pastures are excellent, and there is very good tobacco, wild wax, and cotton, and the very finest cacao, though not in abundance. It is very subject to invasions from the Xibaros Indians, who dwell in the woods on the c.

It is governed by a governor, who resides either in Jaar the capital, or in the settlement of Tomependa.

PACANA, or PACAXA, a river of the province and country of Las Amazonas, which runs n. passing through the country of the Yurunas Indians,

and enters the Xingu in the great bend, which it makes before it enters the Marañon or Amazon.

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PACANAS, Indians of N. America. They are a small tribe of about 30 men, who live on the Quelqueshoe river, which falls into the bay between Attakapi and Sabine, which heads in a prairie called Cooko Prairie, about 40 miles s. w. of Natchitoches. They are known to have emigrated from West Florida, about 40 years ago. Their village is about 50 miles s. e. of the Conchattas; they are said to be increasing a little in number; to be quiet, peaceable, and friendly people. Their own language differs from any other, but they speak Mobilian.

PACANTIRO, a small settlement of the head settlement of the district of Xacona, and alcaldía mayor of Zamoria in Nueva España. It contains eight families of Mustees, and as many of Mulatoes, exercised in agriculture; three leagues from its head settlement.

PACARAN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cañete in Peru.

PACARAOS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Canta in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Pari.

PACARICTAMBO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Piura in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Frias.

PACARNI, a settlement of the government of Neiba, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; annexed to the curacy of its capital: of an hot temperature, and abounding in gold mines, vegetable productions and cattle.

PACAS, MELXORDOS, a settlement of the province and captainship of Pará in Brasil; in

the island of Caviana.

PACASMAYU, a river of the province and corregimiento of Saria in Peru. It flows down from the mountains of Caxamarca, runs w. and laves the territories of San Pedro de Lloco, 20 leagues from Lambayeque. Its shores are very delightful and charming, and it runs into the Pacific sea forming a bay, in which is caught excellent fish. Its mouth is in lat. 7° 24's.

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PACAYAAS, a settlement of the province and captainship of Pará in Brasil; situate at the mouth of the river Tocantines.

[PACAYITA, a volcano in Guatemala, in New Spain. In 1773, the lava which issued from it destroyed the city of St. Santiago, which was situated in the valley of Panchoi.]

PACCHA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cuenca in the kingdom of Zuito; from which capital it is 56 leagues distant. In its district to the s. is an estate called Cuanacauri.

PACCHA, another settlement, in the province and corregimiento of Yamparaes and archbishop

ric of Charcas in Peru.

PACCHA, another, of the province and corregimiento of Huanta in the same kingdom, annexed to the curacy of Tiellas.

PACCHA, another, of the province and corregimiento of Loxa in the kingdom of Quito, near the river Tumblez.

PACCHO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chancay in Peru.

PACHABAMBA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guarucco in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Santa Maria del Valle.

PACHAČAMAC, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cercado in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Lurin: founded in the celebrated valley of its name, signifying in the Quechuan language Omnipotent, or Creator Preserver of all. Here the Indians had a magnificent temple dedicated to the invisible, supreme Being, whom they acknowledged and adored. The Emperor Pachacutec, who was the tenth monarch of Peru, conquered this place with all its delightful and fertile territory, and founded there a house for Virgins, dedicated to the culture of the deity Pachacamac. Francisco Pizarro, when he conquered the kingdom, plundered this temple and the whole settlement of immense wealth, notwithstanding the Indians had removed a great deal. In its vicinity is a small mountain, and a rivulet still keeping the same name. At the present day there is nothing remaining of the temple and the town but a few ruins. The illustrious Señor Don Bernardino de Almanza, Bishop of Santa Fé, had the honor of being curate here. It is 22 miles s. by e. of Lima, in lat. 12°

19' s.

PACHACHAC, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guarochiri in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Yauli.

PACHACHACA, a river of the kingdom of Peru, which rises in the province of Aimaraes, runs n. traversing the province of Abancay, and enters the Apurimac: on it are more than 40 bridges of cords and willow-twigs.

PACHACONAS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Aimaraes in Peru.

PACHACOTO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guanuco in the same kingdom as the former; annexed to the curacy of Santa Maria del Valle.

PACAMA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Copta.

PACHANGARA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxatambo in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Churin.

PACHAS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guamalies in the same kingdom as the former, to the curacy of which it belongs. It is in the centre of the province, near the river Marañon, which is called Quivilla, and is the residence of the corregidor.

[PACHEA, the most n. of the islands called the Pearl or King's Islands, all low and woody, and about 12 leagues from Panama. Within a league of this island there is anchorage in 17 fathoms.]

PACHECA, a small island of the S. sea, in the gulf and bay of Panamá in which the inhabitants of this capital have some plantations of maize and other grain for the food of the Negroes employed in the pearl fisheries on those coasts. [This is one of the beautiful islands within the semicircular bay from Panama to point Mala. These islands yield wood, water, fruit, fowls, hogs, &c. and afford excellent harbour for shipping, in lat. 8° 3' n.]

[PACHEGOIA, a lake of New South Wales, in N. America, in lat. 55o n.]

PACHIA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Tacua.

PACHICA, a settlement of the same province and corregimiento and kingdom as the former; annexed to the curacy of Copta.

PACHICA, another settlement, in the same province and kingdom; annexed to the curacy of Cibaya.

PACHICA, a river of the province and corregimiento of Pataz in the same kingdom. It rises in the sierra, runs n. n. e. and enters the Ucayale.

PACHINA, a lake of the province and government of Moxos and kingdom of Quito; in the territory of Massamaes Indians, between the rivers Marañon or Amazon and Napo.

PACHINI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in Peru.

PACHITEA. SEE MANOA.

PACHO, a settlement of the corregimiento of Zipaquira in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; of an hot temperature, abounding in vegetable productions. In its vicinity the Jesuits had one of the finest estates in the kingdom. It contains 200 house-keepers, and lies at the back of the settlement of Zipaquira, 14 leagues from Santa Fé.

PACHUCA, a town and capital of the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of its name in Nueva

España: of a cold temperature, but beautiful to behold on account of the symmetry of its streets, public places, and edifices, particularly of its parish church, which is most magnificent. It has likewise a convent of the missionaries of the barefooted Franciscans, another called the Hospital de San Juan de Dis, and an house of entertainment of the monks of La Merced and several hermitages in the wards of the Indians, where mass is said.

It was once more opulent, owing to its mines, which are now in a state of great decay, from their being partly filled with water which has flowed down from the sierra. Gemeli says that in the space of 60 leagues he counts more than 1,000 mines, and that from one only, called La Trinidad, were extracted in the course of 10 years, 40 millions of dollars. In this town are the royal coffers, where the treasurer and accomptant reside, taking for the king one fifth of all the silver produced here. The trade of this metal is the principal of the place, although some of the Indians employ themselves in agriculture, sowing maize, French beans, and other seeds. Its population consists of 900 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulatoes, and 120 of Indians, with a special governor subject to the alcalde mayor, but who resides in another town called Pachuquilla. The jurisdiction contains the following settlements: Real del Monte, Tezayuca, Huaquilpa, [Pachuca and Tasco are the oldest miningplaces in the kingdom of Mexico; and the neighbouring village Pachuquillo, is supposed to have been the first christian village founded by the Spaniards. The height of Pachuca is 8,141 feet, and it is 45 miles n. e. of Mexico.]

Zapotlán, Acayuca, Tolayuca.

PACHUCA, a lake formed to drain the waters from the heights of the above province; in which there is a sluice, by which the waters may on occasion be turned into the lake Zumpango; the said sluice having been made in 1628, and lately much improved.

PACIFIC Sea, a name improperly given to the S. sea, as every one will maintain who has navigated it: for, although the part between the tropics may justify the name, the rest of it does not merit such a title, as being subject to violent tempests, in lat. 20 and 23, equally strong as any in Europe. The first Spaniards who navigated this sea gave it the name of Pacific for the serenity and gentle gales which they experienced in their first voyages, persuading themselves that it was equally calm all over it; but the fury

of the tempests in the winter, and the dreadful agitation of its waters, declare it well worthy of another name.

The pilots of this sea have constantly observed that when a n. wind is about to blow, there will appear one or two days previous to hover round the ships a marine bird, which they call quebrantahuesos (break-bones), and which is seen on no other occasion; neither do they know to where it resorts. This bird is of a very singular figure, and a sure omen of bad weather.

[PACKERSFIELD, a township of New Hampshire, Cheshire county, e. of Keene, on the head branches of Ashuelot river. It is 56 miles w. of Portsmouth, was incorporated in 1774, and contains 721 inhabitants].

PÁCKOLET, a river of the province and colony of S. Carolina, which runs s. e. and unites itself with Large river.

PACLAS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Luya and Chillaos in Peru; annexed to the curacy of its capital.

PACLLON, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxatambo, in the same kingdom as the former; annexed to the curacy of Mangas.

[PACMOTE, a bay on the e. side of the island of Martinica, between Vauclin bay on the n. and Fere Ance or Creek on the s.]

PACO, a small island in the lake Umamarca, of the province and corregimiento of Omasuyos in the kingdom of Peru.

PACOCHA, a port of the coast of the S. sea, in the province and corregimiento of Arica in the same kingdom.

[PACOLET, a small river of S. Carolina, which rises in the White Oak mountains, and unites with Broad river, 32 miles above Tiger river, and 8 s. of the N. Carolina line. Its course is about s. e. and on it are the celebrated Pacolet springs, 17 miles above its confluence with Broad river.]

PACOMARCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chilques and Masques, in the same kingdom; annexed to the curacy of Pampacucho.

PÁCORA, a settlement of the province and. corregimiento of Saña, in the same kingdom as the former; situate in the road of Valles, leading to Lima.

PACORA, another settlement, in the province and kingdom of Tierra Firme and government of Panamá, situate in a beautiful and extensive valley, which gives it its name, and through which a river runs. It is very fertile and of a pleasant temperature, and so healthy that all the

people of the neighbouring places come here to recruit their health. It abounds also in cattle, having excellent pastures; eight leagues from the capital.

PACORA, the river which waters the valley aforesaid, runs s. until it enters the sea in the bay or gulf of Panamá.

PACTLICHAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Ancantepée, and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa, in Nueva España. It contains 90 families of Indians, who employ themselves in cultivating and dressing cotton, and is of an hot temperature.

PACA, a river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres in Peru. It runs nearly due s. and enters the Plata, near the mouth where the Uruguay enters.

PADĂGUEL, a large lake of the kingdom of Chile, in the province and corregimiento of Santiago. It is formed of the rivers Colina and Lampa, the which, after a course of more than 20 leagues, unite. This lake is more than two leagues long, is very deep, and in it are excellent trout and bagres. The shores are very pleasant, covered with herbage and trees. It is at no great distance from the city of Santiago.

PADAMO, a river of the province and government of Guayana, which rises in the interior of the same, between the rivers Caura and Orinoco, and forming a curve to the s. enters the latter.

PADDAVIRI, an arm of the river Parime or Paravillanas, one of the four into which it is divided, and the second which enters the Negro.

PADILLA, a town of the province and government of Sierra Gorda in the bay of Mexico, and kingdom of Nueva España, founded in 1748 by the count of that title Don Joseph de Escandón, colonel of militia of Quereturo, who gave it this name of Doña Antonia de Pedilla, wife of the viceroy, who was then Count of Revillagigedo. It is small and poor, and has not increased in population as was expected.

PADOUCAS, or PADUCAS, a settlement of the province and government of Louisiana in N. America, on the shore and at the source of the river of its name, where there are also different villages of Indians of this name.

[This once powerful Indian nation (of which our autho speaks) has, apparently, entirely disappeared; every inquiry made after them has proved ineffectual. In the year 1724, they resided in several villages on the heads of the Kansas river, and could, at that time, bring upwards of 2000 men into the field. (See Mons. Dupratz History of Louisiana, page 71, and the map attached to that

work). The information that we have received is, that being oppressed by the nations residing on the Missouri, they removed to the upper part of the river Plate, where they afterwards had but little intercourse with the whites. They seem to have given name to the n. branch of that river, which is called the Paducas Fork. The most probable conjecture is, that being still further reduced, they have divided into small wandering bands, which assumed the names of the subdivisions of the Paducas nation, and are known to us at present under the appellation of Wetepahatoes, Kiawas, Kanenavish, Katteka, Dotame, &c. who still inhabit the country to which the Paducas are said to have removed.]

The aforesaid river runs s. e. then e. and enters the grand river Misouri.

PADRE, PUNTA DE, an extremity of the n. coast of the island of Cuba, between port Malagueta and the bay of Xavara.

PAECES, a nation of barbarous Indians of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, who dwell in the woods near the cities of Cartago and Timaná. They were ferocious and cannibals, and routed, in 1540, the Spanish troops of Añasco and Juan de Ampudia; but they began to be reduced to the faith, together with the nation of the Yalcones in 1634. At present their numbers are much diminished.

PAECES, a city of the province and government of Popayán, in the kingdom of Quito, founded by captain Domingo Lozano, on the shore of the river Grande de la Magdalena in 1563, in the valley of S. Saldaña. It is nearly depopulated, since that it was destroyed by the Indians in the middle of the 16th century; 60 leagues from the city of San Juan de los Llanos.

PAEZ, a river of the same province and government as the former city. It rises in the valley of its name, passes opposite the city of La Plata, and enters the Grande de la Magdalena at a small distance from this city.

PAGAN, a small river of the province and colony of Virginia in N. America, and of the county of S. Isle of Wight. It runs e. and enters the sea at the mouth of the river John.

PAGANAGANDI, a river of the province and government of Antioquia in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It rises at the foot of the sierras of Chocó, and running n. w. enters the sea in the bay of Candelaria of the gulf of Uraba.

[PAGET'S Port, a small harbour within the great sound of the Bahama islands, and in the most e. part of the sound.]

PAGUAROS, a nation of Indians but little

known, inhabiting the s. part of the river Marañon, a little above the mouth of the Madera. PAGUILLAS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Atacama in Peru.

[PAGUISA, or PAQUISA, on the w. side of S. America, in lat. 21° 55' s. and 10 leagues n. of the harbour of Cobija, in the bay of Atacama. Aguada de Paguisa, or the watering place of Paguisa, is 15 leagues from Cobija. The whole coast between is high, mountainous, and rocky, in the direction of n. n. e.]

PAHUATLAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Guauchinango in Nueva España. It contains a convent of the order of San Agustin, and 490 families of Otomies Indians, amongst which are included those of the wards of its district; six leagues n. of its capital.

PAICABI, a settlement of Indians of the kingdom of Chile, situate on the coast, at the mouth of the river Tucapél, near the spot where the Indians put to death Pedro de Valdivia, conqueror of this kingdom.

PAICAÑOS, a nation of Indians, of the province and government of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Peru, from which capital it is 20 leagues to the s. e. These Indians are poor, docile, and humble: the territory abounds in sugar-canes and cotton, and the climate is hot, save when the s. wind blows, which passing through the snow-clad mountains of the Andes, brings with it a refreshing coolness.

PAICO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Lucanas in Peru.

PAICO, a lake of the kingdom of Chile, between the rivers Valdivia and Callacalla. It is formed from the waste water of the Quillén. PAICOLLO, SAN LUCAS DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pelaya and Paspaya in Peru.

PAIJAN, or PAISAN, SAN SALVADOR DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Truxillo in Peru, situate in the valley of Chicama, in the high road on the coast leading to Quito, 30 miles from its capital, and eight from the port of Malabrigo.

PAILAS, a port of the river La Plata, in the province and government of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Peru, n. of the capital.

PAIME, a settlement of the jurisdiction of Muzo and corregimiento of Tanja in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It contains 150 housekeepers, who live by cultivating sugar-canes, cotton, and other fruits of a warm and mild climate.

[PAINTED Post, a station, so called in New York state, in Tioga county on the n. side of Tioga river, between Bath and Newtown, 40 miles n. w. by w. of Lockhartsbrough, 45 s. e. of Williamsburg on Genesse river, and 163 n. w. of Philadelphia. A post-office is kept here.]

[PAINTED Rock is on French Broad river, by which the line runs between Virginia and Tennessee.]

[PAINTER'S Harbour, on the w. coast of Cape Breton island, is nearly due e. of East Point in the island of St. John's. lat. 46" 22′ n. long. 61 16' w..]

PAIPA, a settlement of the same province and corregimiento and kingdom as the former, situate near the road which leads to Santa Fé, between its capital and the lake of Toca or Totta. It was very large and populous in the time of the Indians, and was taken by Gonzalo Ximinez de Quesada in 1537. It is at present reduced to a miserable village, 15 miles n. e. of its capital.

PAIPIRU, SIERRAS DE, some mountains of the province and captainship of Rey in Brazil, which run from w. to e. following the same course from the river Lavacuan to the brink of the great lake of Los Patos. In these mountainsthe Portuguese have some rich gold mines, to which they give the same name.

PAIRA, a settlement of the province and government of Quixos and Macas, in the kingdom of Quito, belonging to the district of the second.

PAIRÁCA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Aimaraes in Peru. Annexed to the curacy of Chuquinga.

PAIRAPUPU, a small river of the province and colony of Surinam, or part of Guayana, possessed by the Dutch. It rises in the sierra of Usupama, and enters the Cuyuni.

PAITA, a small city of the province and corregimiento of Piura in Peru, situate on the coast of the S. sea, with a good port, and well frequented by vessels from the kingdom of Tierra Firme, Acapulco, Sonsonate, &c. Although this part, strictly speaking, is nothing more than a bay, it is considered one of the best in that coast, from the safety of its anchorage. It is the place where passengers disembark to go by land to Lima, and the other provinces of Peru, and where ships bound to Callao touch to take in provisions, &c.; since, without this precaution, it would be almost impossible to make that voyage, so tedious by the usually contrary winds..

The town is situate on a sandy soil, which produces neither a sprout of herbage, or drop of fresh water. This is, therefore, brought from.

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