The Panama Canal

Arias' exposition of the law is quite exceptionally human, the essential factors of the struggle for existence being duly considered. As a work of reference, too, it should be extremely useful to the publicist, as contains all the essential data in full detail and convenient form.'

SHELLIELD DAILY TELEGRAPH.- '... Professedly legal and techical in treatment, the book does not on that account fall out of the scope of the general reader.'

SPECTATOR.- ... The treatis is full of interest and information. One thing is manifest as we read, and that is the desirability of the Arbitration Treaty lately concluded. It is easy to see that very difficult questions might any day arise when the Canal becomes a working institution.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLONIAL INSTITUTE.- ‘... A great deal of careful and laborious historical work is to be found in this book, wherein the author discusses the international position of the Panama Canal, and the diplomatic struggles that have been so marked a feature of the progress of the idea of a canal across Central America... Mr. Arias writes with a clear grasp of his subject, and at all times reserves a nice and critical judgment. In view of the great importance of the Panama question, his book is sure to be extensively read by students of international politics.'

Acts of Hostility:

INDEX

not allowed in the canal, 112.
Adams, Mr.: United States
Minister at London, 37.
Alaska:

land and water near, claimed by Rus-
sia, 4, 72.

Amador Guerrero, Doctor Manuel:
65, 66.

Arbitration:

refused by the United States for the
solution

of the Clayton-Bulwer difficulties, 32.
Argentine:

in relation to the Straits of Magellan,
87, 92, 134.

Arthur, President: 49-50.
Australia:

within more easy reach from the ports
on the Atlantic coast of
America, 103.

Ayon: See Dickinson-Ayon treaty.
BeauprÇ, Mr.: United States Minister
at Bogota, 60, 61, 62, 64.
Belgium:

is neutralised, 85, 135;

keeps armies for purposes of defence,
132, 135.

Belize: 25.

Biddle, Mr. Charles:

appointed to make investigations on
the Isthmus, 14.

Bidlack, Mr.: American ChargÇ d'af-
faires at Bogota, 17.
Black Sea: 87, 134.

Blaine, Mr., Secretary of State:

on the policy of the United States with
regard to the canal, 43 et seq., 75-6,
106;

on the Clayton-Bulwer Convention,

46-7, 75-6;

on the neutrality of the canal, 45, 47.
Blockade:

vessels using the canal shall not be
subject to, 110, 111.
Boston, the: 66.
Buchanan, Mr.:

on Great Britain's policy in Central
America, 27;

on the Clayton-Bulwer Convention,
32.

Bulwer, Sr. Henry Lytton, British
Minister at Washington:

asked by Mr. Clayton to enter
into negotiations, 29;

concluded the Clayton-Bulwer
Convention, 30.

Bunch, Mr.: British ChargÇ d'affaires
at Bogota, 39.

Buren, van, President: 14, 15.
California:

acquisition of by the United States and

its effect on the isthmian transit, 15.
Canal Companies:

See Canal Projects.

Canal projects:

the Dutch scheme, 11:

discussed at the Congress of Panama,
10;

by Nicaragua, 9, 13, 50, 53, 57;
Impetus on, 15;

by Honduras, 36;

by Tehuantepec, 15, 39;
by Panama, 37, 39, 57;

the French company, 39, 40, 41, 50,
53, 57.

Canal, the interzceanic:

Mr. Clay on the, 10, 11;
Holland and the, 12;

Nicaragua's proposals on the, 13;

discussed in the Senate, 13, 42;
discussed in the House of Representa-
tives, 14, 42;

its control was not sought by the Uni-
ted States, 11, 13, 19, 28, 50;
what its position should be in the opi-
nion of Polk, 19;

in connection with the Clayton-Bul-
wer Convention, 30-2;

its control sought by Mr. Marcy, 33;
Mr. Hise and the, 27;

what its position should be in the view
of General Taylor, 28;

the United States sought its control,
33, 34, 35 et seq.;

Mr. Blaine on the, 43 et seq.;

dealt with in President Hayes' messa-
ge, 40;

Mr. Evarts' views on the, 40;

in the view of President Cleveland,
50, 54;

as a government enterprise, 53, et
seq.;

and the Monroe Doctrine, 73 et seq.;
general interest on, 95, 107 et seq.;
assimilated by some to natural straits,
96;

said to be on the same position as te-
rritorial waters, 96;

its analogy to international rivers, 97;
its relation to International Law, 97 et
seq.;

its position in relation to the govern-
mental undertaking, 99-100;
its geographical position, 103-4;
its history, 104 et seq., 145;
how viewed by Latin America, 107-8;
to be constructed under the auspices
of the United States, 56, 111.
See also Panama Canal, the.
Casas, Antonio Jose:

Central American Minister to the
United States, 9;

his proposals for a canal, 9-10.
Canning, Mr.: 71, 72
Capture:

forbidden in the canal, 110.
Cass, Mr., Secretry of State:

on the neutrality of the Isthmus of Pa-
nama, 45.

Central America:

domination of Spain over, 1;
independence of, 9;

sent a Minister to Washington, 9;
Holland's project of canal by, 12;
British encroachment on, 25.
See also Nicaragua.

Cerda, Manuel Antonio de la:
proposed a scheme for a canal, 9.
Chile:

her relation in respect of the Straits of
Magellan. 87, 92, 134.
Civil War: 34, 36.
Clarendon, Lord:

on the acquisition of coaling stations
in Central America by the United Sta-
tes, 37.

Clay, Mr.:

his policy with regard to the intero-
ceanic canal, 10 et seq.

did not express an opinion as to the
protection and security of the canal,
11.

Clayton-Bulwer Convention: 25 et

seq.;

did not allow fortifications on the ca-
nal, 30;

an "entangling alliance," 36;

its abrogation demanded by Con-
gress, 42;

an estoppel to the development of the
Monroe Doctrine, 42, 74;

its existence ignored by Mr. Blaine,
45-6;

discussed by Mr. Blaine, 46-7;
approved of by Cleveland, 51, 54;
proposal for its modification accepted
by Great Britain, 55;

its objections removed, 56, 111;
"general principle" of neutralisation
introduced by, 30, 31, 109-11;
superseded, not abrogated, by the
Hay-Pauncefote treaty, 111;

its provisions given in detail in Ap-
pendix II.
Clayton, Mr:

his proposals for a treaty with Great
Britain, 29;

his shortsightedness in entering into
the Clayton-Bulwer
Convention, 30.

Cleveland, President:

his liberal policy, 50, 54.
Coaling stations:

wanted by the United States in Tigre
Island, 37.
Colombia:

treaty with the United States for a ca-
nal, 37, 38;

granted concessions to a French com-
pany, 39;

refused to accede to Mr. Evarts' de-
mands, 41;

reported to be seeking the neutrality
of Panama, 43;

entered into a treaty with the United
States (1903), 58;

refused to ratify a treaty, 59, 60, 62.
See also New Granada.
Columbus:

seeking a passage to Asia by Central
America, 1.

Congress of the United States:
discussed the question of the canal,
14;

on the Clayton-Bulwer Convention,
42.

Constantinople Convention:

entered into, 87;

does not mention neutralisation, 93
note;

adopted as model by the Hay-Paunce-
fote treaty, 112, 118;

compared with the Hay-Pauncefote
treaty, 123 et seq.;

dealing with fortifications, 138;

its provisions are given in detail in
Appendix III.

Control:

not sought by the United States in res-
pect of the Canal, 11, 15, 18, 24;
wanted by the United States in respect
of Tehuantepec, 15;

not permitted by the Clayton-Bulwer

Convention in connection with trans-
isthmian transit, 30, 32;

sought by the United States in respect
of the Panama route, 33, 34, 37, 38,
40, 43-44;

obtained by the United States in res-
pect of the Panama Canal, 67, 100.
Corfu: 87, 134

Dana, Mr.:

on the Monroe Doctrine, 70-71.
Department of State:

the changes of its policy must be noti-
ced, 2;

demanded data referring to a canal,
10;

its interpretations of the treaty of
1846, 21 et seq.;

embarrassed owing to British policy
in Central America, 27;
became energetic, 39.

Books

The Panama Canal: A Study in International Law and Diplomacy