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ward, but so strong had been the current to the southward, that Video was the landfall.

This finishes my experience on the coast of Japan for the present. As it is merely an extract from my journal, I shall make no remarks. I enclose a plan of Sousaki Bay for your inspection. In conclusion I may add that on a coast and in a sea like that of Japan, Cunningham's patent reefing sails are invaluable. The winds are so fitful, and of such varied force, that even the best manned frigate in H.M. navy could not make and shorten sail so quickly or so frequently as a ship fitted with that patent. It saves many a mile in the passage, and many a yard of canvas.

I am, &c.,

WM. M'DONALD,

Commander Ship Medina of London.

To the Editor of the Nautical Magazine.

Turning over a recent number of the Commercial Advertiser, a Sandwich Island paper, the following appears in reference to the Japanese visit to the United States.

The following anecdote concerning the Japanese is related of Governor Kekuanaoa, the present governor of Oahu, and is furnished by Mr. Woods, the chaplain of the Powhatan. The anecdote is characteristic of the venerable governor, who is well known to be a staunch "Dashaway" in example as well as precept.

A correspondent of the Journal of Commerce, from the U.S. steamer Powhatan, furnishes the following:-A remark of the venerable father of Kamehameha IV., the present King of the Sandwich Islands, I commend to the serious consideration of our countrymen, official and others, who may entertain the Japanese or mingle in their company. I have never seen but one instance of intoxication among the Japanese; still they are fond of intoxicating liquors, and by the influence of example, and solicitation in respectable and honourable circles, can easily be seduced into the most ruinous habits. Their cominon and favourite drink is saki, a distillation of rice, which in strength is about equal to old Sherry wine. They easily, however, exchange it for champagne and other wines, and rum, whiskey and brandy. Not an instance of intoxication occurred on board the ship, while all saw the facility with which moderation could be made to terminate in intemperance.

At the presentation of the Japanese Ministers to King Kamehameha at Honolulu, I happened to be standing near the King's father, the venerable and hoary headed Kekuanaoa, who alone survives of the Sandwich Island party which went to England in the year 1826, on a somewhat similar errand. King Liholiho and his Queen, attended by their highest chieftains, like the present Japanese Embassy, resolved to leave their beautiful islands and to go abroad and see the world. Arriving in London, they were feted by the king, the court, and the nobles, and introduced into all the practices of the table which only Englishmen are able to achieve or live under. Soon they

became grossly intemperate, and died in London of their excesses. Their bodies were brought back, and now sleep in the Paradise Island which they so fatally left.

When the ceremony was concluded, and the Japanese Ministry had withdrawn, on whom Kekuanaoa had gazed with a serious and sad expression upon his face, he stepped up to Commodore Tatnall, and remarked that "he foresaw the fate of the Japanese Ambassadors; they would not live to see their charming island again; they would be initiated into drunkenness in the United States, as King Liholiho and his queen were in London, and, like them, leave their bodies there." I was touched by the humanity of the venerable man, as well as alarmed by his prophecy; and taking out my note-book committed it to paper. "Let him that readeth understand.”

The Washington Constitution of a recent date publishes an official copy of the treaty, and of the regulations under which American trade is to be conducted in Japan, which were finally ratified in Washington on the 24th of May. The treaty provides that the ports of Simoda, Hakodadi, Kanagawa, Nagasaki, and Nee-e-gata were to be opened to Americans previous to January 1st, 1860; and that Hiogo should also be opened on the first day of January, 1863. At all these ports a certain limited region of the surrounding country in thrown open for the free migration of Americans, and a fair opportunity appears to be thus offered to them to cultivate the acquaintance of the Japanese, and to establish a traffic in all articles upon which a mutually profitable and advantageous trade can be conducted.

After 1862 Americans are to be allowed to reside in the city of Yeddo, and after the first day of January, 1863, in the city of Osaco. Free exercise of religion, and the right to erect suitable places of worship, are to be secured to Americans in Japan, with the understanding that the citizens of neither country are to offer any insult or injury to the temples or religious worship of the other.

The regulations under which the American trade is to be conducted, provide for the regular entry and clearance of vessels, and for the punishment of smuggling, &c., as well as for the strict prohibition of the importation of opium, the fees to be paid to Japanese customhouse officers, &c. The Japanese tariff is singular brief and comprehensive.

In addition to the ports of Simoda and Hakodadi, the following ports and towns shall be opened on the dates respectively appended to them, that is to say, Kanagawa on the 4th of July, 1859; Nagasaki on the 4th of July, 1859; Nee-e-gata on the 1st of January, 1860; Hiogo on the 1st of January, 1863.

If Nee-e-gata is found to be unsuitable as a harbour, another port on the West coast of Nipon shall be selected by the two Governments in lieu thereof. Six months after the opening of Kanagawa the port of Simoda shall be closed as a place of residence and trade for American citizens. In all the foregoing ports and towns, American citizens may permanently reside; they shall have the right to lease

ground and purchase the buildings thereon, and may erect dwellings and warehouses.

From the 1st of January, 1862, Americans shall be allowed to reside in the city of Yeddo; and from the 1st of January, 1863, in the city of Osaco, for the purpose of trade only. In each of these two cities a suitable place within which they may hire houses, and the distance they may go shall be arranged by the American diplomatic agent and the Government of Japan. Americans may freely buy from Japanese, and sell to them, any articles that either they have for sale, without the intervention of any Japanese officers in such purchase or sale, or in making or receiving payment for the same; and all classes of Japanese may purchase, sell, keep, or use any articles sold to them by the Americans.

Table of Currents experienced by the ship Medina, of London, on the several dates and in the different positions annexed.

Dute.

Latitude.

Longitude.

Wind.

Current.

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East, 20 miles.
S.W. 35 miles.

N.E, 35 miles in 7 h.
N.N.E., 37 miles.
S.Eb.S., 25 miles.
South, 33 miles.
S.E., 23 miles.
East, 12 miles.
N.N.E., 50 miles.
N.N.E., 45 miles.
Nb E. E., 19 miles.
N.E, 25 miles.

N.N.E., 42 miles.

North, 50 miles.
South, 13 miles.
N.N.E, 70 miles.
N.E., 40 miles.
W.N.W., 15 miles.
E.N.E, 30 miles.
E.S.E., 38 m. in 16 h.
S.S. W., 28 miles.
North, 7 miles.

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N.E., 14 miles.

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N.E., 26 miles.

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AVARICE:-A Turkish Tale of Real Life.

The little town of Nicke is situated in that part of the Ottoman Empire which is occupied by the Bulgarians, who with the Servians and Bosnians form portions of the Sclavonic people. Some Mussulman families have been established in the country since its conquest, and form its aristocracy. This country, which lies at the foot of the Balkans, is rich and fertile, and the greater part of the inhabitants are agriculturists or attend cattle, which thrive in great numbers on the fertile soil. Some of them, however, more ambitious than others, forsake this mode of life to seek their fortunes by other means.

The first object of these is mostly Constantinople, a place which, in their imagination, is the very emporium of the world's wonders,for to the native of Asia Minor, as well as the peasant of Roumelia, Stamboul is the city of the thousand and one nights, an enchanted city, where riches and honours may be picked up almost in the streets, and no wonder, for their knowledge of it is only derived from tradition. Every year brings many of them to this city of wonders with the wildest of projects in their heads, only to be banished by the discovery that there, like everywhere else, they must earn their daily bread by sweat of brow. Then after some years they go back with their earnings and live at ease amidst their countrymen, relating to them stories of all that they have seen and all that they have learnt. In a village not far from Nicke there lived a Bulgarian family, consisting of father and mother, son and daughter. The latter, Maritza, married at the age of sixteen, was then obliged to leave the paternal roof, too often the scene of quarrelsome dispute, arising from the grasping and vindictive conduct of the mother. The father being of a weak and passive disposition, had abandoned his authority to his wife and submitted always to her malevolent ways. The son, named Yenko, who had attained the age of manhood, also desired to emancipate himself from his unpleasant state of tutelage under such parents, to seek his fortune at Constantinople. And after obtaining their consent, having prepared for his departure he set out with some companions for that place.

Years passed on, and nothing was heard of Yenko, his father and mother, notwithstanding the want of kindness he had experienced from them, inquired for him of every one who came from Constantinople; but all in vain: no one knew him or what had become of him. The daughter, Maritza, who had much affection for her brother, was frequently in tears with the reflection that she should never see him more. At the usual time of the return of these travellers, she would station herself on the road in hopes of seeing one who had so much endeared himself to her. But in vain. Six years thus passed away and yet he came not.

One day as Maritza was busy in her little cottage with her children about her, the joyous bark of an old dog excited her attention. He had been the faithful companion of the house since she had left the

NO. 2.-VOL. XXX.

K

paternal roof. Her husband might have returned from his daily labour earlier than usual, and she pursued her occupation. A few minutes more and her children hurried round her frightened, and turning round she then saw a man at the door, young but tall, and dressed in the country costume, with a staff in his hand, and his clothes covered with dust. She advanced towards him, and was about to welcome him, when the stranger, catching her in his arms, embraced her, exclaiming, "I am your brother Yenko. I am so altered then that you do not know me?" The affectionate sister was so overcome with joy that she could say nothing, while she contemplated in his sunburnt features the youthful countenance of him from whom she had been so long separated.

This event produced a gala day in the cottage. The children soon lost their fears of the stranger, and commenced a great friendship with their uncle, not perhaps till after he had opened his bag and displayed all kinds of curiosities from Constantinople, as soon as he had learnt that his father and mother were alive and well, for what he had suffered under their roof had been lost sight of by absence. He rejoiced in the prospect of seeing them again, and concerted with his sister a plan for their meeting. He would pass the night at his sister's cottage, and be up betimes in the morning on his way to the village, enjoying the prospect of meeting his parents and the surprise it would occasion them. The following day would be Sunday, Maritza with her children was to follow him, bent on celebrating the joyful event, the return of him who was believed to be lost.

The plan of proceedings being thus settled, Yenko had enough to relate that passed away the day; the morrow came and Yenko set out on his journey,-with a light heart at finding himself once again in the country he knew so well and to which he had been so long a strainger, again to see the sinuous horizon of the mountains where in his boyhood he had tended his flock or where at the sound of his pipe the buffalo had followed him, it is not easy to say what gaieties were not occupying the mind of Yenko as he went along singing on his way those monotonous airs which are so harmonious in the ears of the Bulgarians. He thought of the joy of his old parents at what their neighbours would tell them, and especially to a certain little damsel whom he had left as a child, but who might also remember him. A thousand projects floated in his mind, and the handsome gold medjidies which he had in his girdles could do wonders.

With a beating heart he reached the first houses of the village. The first persons whom he saw did not know him, but he could remember them and also their names. The dogs barked at him as he passed, for to them he was a stranger. Six years is a long absence. On reaching the door of his parents' cottage, it was closed, and on knocking it was opened by his mother, who received him cordially in the Sclavonic fashion, and invited him in to rest without knowing him. The father looked at him and also treated him as a stranger, asked him where he came from and to where he was going. Yenko said he had been en voyage and returned to a village which he named;

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