(10. 1.) Sciendum est in actione finium regundorum illud observandum esse, quod ad exemplum quodammodo eius legis scriptum est quam Athenis Solonem dicunt tulisse; nam illic ita est: 'Eáv TIS αἱμασίαν παρ' ἀλλοτρίῳ χωρίῳ ὀρυγῇ, τὸν ὅρον μὴ παραβαίνειν· ἐὰν τειχίον, πόδα ἀπολείπειν· ἐὰν δὲ οἴκημα, δύο πόδας· ἐὰν δὲ τάφρον ἢ βόθρον ὀρύττῃ, ὅσον τὸ βάθος ᾖ, τοσοῦτον ἀπολείπειν· ἐὰν δὲ φρέαρ, ὀργυιάν· ἐλαίαν δὲ καὶ συκῆν ἐννέα πόδας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου φυτεύειν, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα δένδρα πέντε πόδας.

Boundaries are governed by Solon's law, that is to say, if a man plants a fence between his land and his neighbour's, he must keep within the landmark; if he builds a wall, he must leave a foot; if a house, two feet; if he digs a ditch or a trench, he must leave a space as broad as the trench is deep; if he digs a well, he must leave six feet. An olive or vine must not be planted within nine feet of a neighbour's land; other trees not within five feet.

Fr. 3. Hortus.-Heredium.-Tugurium.

A villa, a farm, a cottage.

Fr. 4, 5. Finibus regundis tres arbitros dandos, si vicini iurgant.

When the boundary of neighbouring estates is disputed, three arbiters shall be appointed.

Cicero de Legg. I. 21. § 55. In qua [controversia de finibus] usucapionem XII. tabulae intra quinque pedes esse noluerunt. A space of five feet between adjoining lands shall not be liable. to usucapio.

Fr. 6. De viae latitudine.

Gaius fr. 8. D. de servitut. praed. rustic. (8. 2.). Viae latitudo ex lege XII. tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet; in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim.

The breadth of road over which there is a right of way is eight feet; at the end, where it turns, sixteen feet.

Fr. 7. Quomodo via immunita utendum sit.

Cicero pro Caecina cap. 19. § 54. Si via sit immunita, iubet (lex XII. tabularum) qua velit agere iumentum.

Festus. In XII. tabulis est: Amsegetes vias muniunto: dionisam. (eo ni sani?) lapides sunt qua volet iumenta agito.

If no road is made round the field, he who has a right of way may cross the land wherever he pleases.

Fr. 8. Si aqua pluvia nocet.

If a body of water, formed by rain, be artificially diverted from its natural course, so as to threaten to injure neighbouring land, the neighbour who apprehends danger may bring an action aque

pluvia arcente, and compel the person who diverted the course of the water to restore it to its natural channel, and make compensation for any damage caused after the commencement of the action.

Fr. 9. De arboribus circumcidendis.

Ulpianus fr. 1. § 8. D. de arboribus caedendis. (43.27.) Quod ait Praetor, et lex XII tabularum efficere voluit, ut quindecim pedes altius rami arboris circumcidantur; et hoc idcirco effectum est, ne umbra arboris vicino praedio noceret.

Trees that cast their shadow on a neighbouring land are to be lopped up to fifteen feet from the ground.

Fr. 10. De glande legenda.

Plinius Hist. Nat. XVI. 5. Cautum est praeterea lege XII tabularum, ut glandem in alienum fundum procidentem liceret colligere.

Fruit that falls on neighbouring land may be collected by the owner of the tree.

Fr. 11. Venditas res et traditas non aliter emptori adquiri, quam si is pretium venditori solverit vel alio modo ei satisfecerit.

Sale and delivery does not transfer the property until the price is paid, or security given for its payment. [This, as referring to

Acquisition, seems properly to belong to Table VI.]

Fr. 12. Statu liberum, emptori dando, ad libertatem pervenire.

A slave enfranchised by will, on condition of paying a certain sum to the successor, if sold by the successor, shall acquire his freedom on payment of the same sum to his purchaser. [This, as referring to Wills, seems properly to belong to Table V.]

TABULA VIII.

DELICTA.

Fr. 1. Si quis occentaverit, sive carmen condiderit quod infamiam faciat flagitiumve alteri, eum fustibus feriri.

Cicero de Republ. libro IV. apud Augustinum de civit. dei II. 9: Nostrae XII tabulae cum perpaucas res capite sanxissent, in his hanc quoque sanciendam putaverunt: "Si quis occentavisset," sive carmen condidisset quod infamiam faceret flagitiumve alteri.

If any one shall publish a libel, that is to say, shall write verses imputing crime or immorality to another, he is to be beaten to death with clubs.

Fr. 2. Si membrum rupit, ni cum eo pacit, talio esto.

If one shall break the limb of another, and shall not agree to a compromise, he is to be punished with retaliation.

Fr. 3. Propter os fractum CCC assium poena.

Collatio LL. Mos. II. 5. § 5. Paulus libro singulari et titulo De iniuriis:-libero CCC, servo CL poenam subito sestertiorum.

For breaking a bone of a freeman, the penalty shall be 300 sestertii. He who breaks the bone of a slave, shall pay his master 150 sestertii.

Fr. 4. Si iniuriam faxit alteri, viginti quinque aeris poenae sunto.

If any man shall commit a contumelious outrage upon another, he shall be punished by a penalty of 25 sestertii.

Fr. 5. Rupitias sarcito.

A man who accidentally damages property shall make compensation.

Fr. 6. 7. Si quadrupes pauperiem fecisse dicatur; et de pastu.

Ulpianus fr. 1. pr. D. si quadrupes paup. (9. 1.) Si quadrupes pauperiem fecisse dicetur, actio ex lege XII tabularum descendit; quae lex voluit aut dari id quod nocuit, id est id animal quod noxiam commisit, aut aestimationem noxiae offerre.

If a quadruped do a mischief, or depasture a neighbour's land, its owner shall either make compensation, or surrender it to the person to whom it did the mischief, or on whose land it trespassed.

Fr. 8. Qui fruges excantassit.-neve alienam segetem pellexeris.

Transferring crops from a neighbour's land by magic.
Thou shall not conjure away thy neighbour's corn.

Fr. 9. De furto frugum noctu commisso.

A theft of corn committed by night.

Plinius Hist. Nat. XVIII. 3. Frugem quidem aratro quaesitam furtim noctu pavisse ac secuisse puberi XII tabulis capital erat, suspensumque Cereri necari iubebant; gravius quam in homicidio convictum impubem Praetoris arbitratu verberari, noxiamque duplione decerni.

Nocturnal depasturing, or cutting a neighbour's crop, by a person of full age, was made by the Twelve Tables a capital crime. He was devoted to Ceres, and put to death by hanging; a severer punishment than was awarded to homicide. A person not of full age, was to be beaten at the magistrate's discretion, and twice the value of the corn cut or depastured was to be paid as damages.

Fr. 10. De eo qui aedes acervumve frumenti combusserit.

Burning houses or stacks of corn.

Gaius fr. 9. D. de incendio ruina. (47.9.) Qui aedes acervumve frumenti iuxta domum positum combusserit, vinctus verberatus igni necari iubetur; si modo sciens prudensque id commiserit; si vero casu, id est negligentia, aut noxiam sarcire iubetur, aut si minus idoneus sit, levius castigatur.

He who burns a house, or stack of corn placed near a house, is to be bound and scourged, and burnt alive, if the burning was wilful. If it was from negligence, he is to make compensation, or if unable to make compensation, to suffer a mitigated punishment.

Fr. 11. De arborum iniuria caesarum poena.

Felling another man's trees.

Plinius Hist. Natur. XVII. 1. Fuit et arborum cura legibus priscis; cautumque est XII tabulis, ut qui iniuria cecidisset alienas lueret in singulas aeris XXV.

The Twelve Tables provided that he who wrongfully felled another man's trees should pay for each tree 25 sestertii.

Fr. 12. Si nox furtum factum sit, si im occisit, iure caesus esto.

Gellius XI. 18. § 7. Decemviri-occidi permiserunt, si aut cum faceret furtum nox esset, aut interdiu telo se, cum prenderetur, defenderet.

A nocturnal robber shall be lawfully killed.

Fr. 13. Furem qui telo se defendit iure caesum videri.

Gaius fr. 54. § 2. D. de furtis. (47. 2.) Furem interdiu depres hensum non aliter occidere lex XII tabularum permisit, quam si telo se defendat.

A robber in the day-time who defends himself with a weapon may be killed.

I. Gothofredus restores the law thus: Si se telo defensit, quiritato endoque plorato: sei im aliquis cum clamore occisit, ioure caesus estod.

If a robber defend himself with a weapon, the person robbed

shall raise a clamour to alarm the neighbourhood, and the robber shall be lawfully killed.

Fr. 14. De poena furti manifesti.

A thief taken in the fact.

Gellius XI. 18. § 8: Ex ceteris autem manifestis furibus liberos verberari addicique iusserunt (Decemviri) ei cui factum furtum esset, si modo id luci fecissent neque se telo defendissent: servos item furti manifesti prensos verberibus adfici et e saxo praecipitari; sed pueros impuberes Praetoris arbitratu verberari voluerunt, noxamque ab his factam sarciri.

When thieves were taken in the fact, if they were freemen, they were to be scourged and delivered over as bondsmen to the person robbed, if the theft was committed by day and the thieves had not defended themselves with arms. Slaves taken in the fact were to be scourged and hurled from the Tarpeian rock. Boys were to be scourged at the Prætor's discretion and to make compensation for the theft.

Fr. 15. De furto lance et licio concepto.

When search is made for stolen property on a person's premises without his permission, the searcher wears only a linen girdle about his loins, and holds a platter on his head with both his hands.

Gai. Inst. III. 191. 192. Concepti et oblati (furti) poena ex lege XII tabularum tripli est.-Praecepit (Lex) ut qui quaerere velit nudus quaerat, linteo cinctus, lancem habens; qui si quid invenerit, iubet id Lex furtum manifestum esse.

When stolen property is searched for by consent in the presence of witnesses [without the girdle and platter] and found in a person's possession, the owner can recover by action furti concepti against the person on whose premises it is found, and the latter can recover by action furti oblati against the person who brought it on his premises, three times the value of the thing stolen.

When the search is made without consent, the law directs the searcher to be naked, wearing a linen girdle, and holding a platter. The person in whose possession the property is found is then treated as a thief taken in the fact.

Fr. 16. Si adorat furto quod nec manifestum escit [duplione decidito.] Gai. Inst. III. 190. Nec manifesti furti poena per legem XII tabularum dupli inrogatur.

A thief not taken in the fact shall pay twice the value of the thing stolen.