taken their place among the elements working for present and future good. The following tribute to the western wife, published in the National Magazine for February, 1905, deserves a place in these pages: A WESTERN WIFE By WILL CHAMBERLAIN She walked behind the lagging mules Hers were the eves of wifely toil. The smitten prairie blossom'd fair, The sod home faded from the scene; Deep porches lent repose serene. But with'ring brow and snowy tress Bespeak the early days of strife; O western mother! in thy praise No artist paints nor poet sings, But from thy rosary of days God's angels shape immortal wings! DAKOTA INDIAN AFFAIRS The following information relative to Indian agencies was furnished for this history by the Indian office: Section 2 of the Act of June 30, 1834, entitled "An Act to provide for the organization of the Department of Indian Affairs (4 Stat. L., 235)" provided "and be it further enacted, That there shall be a superintendency of Indian Affairs for all the Indian country not within the bounds of any state or territory west of the Mississippi River, the superintendent of which shall reside at St. Louis, This superintendency seems to be known, in the reports, as the "Central Superintendency," at that time under the Department of War. * The Act of March 3, 1847 (9 Stat. L., 203), authorizes the secretary of war to establish each superintendency, agency and sub-agency either by tribes or geographical boundaries. Section 5 of the Act of March 3, 1849 (9 Stat. L., 395), transferred the office of the commissioner of Indian Affairs from the jurisdiction of the secretary of war to that of the secretary of the interior. The Yankton Sioux Reservation, located in the extreme southern part of Dakota Territory, consisting of 400,000 acres, 2,000 Indians, was created by treaty of 1858 (11 Stat. L., 743). The Ponca Reservation, consisting of 576,000 acres, 735 Indians, was created by the "Ponca Treaty" of March 12, 1858 (12 Stat. L., 997). ་ The Fort Berthold Reservation, consisting of 8,640,000 acres, having supervision over the Arikara, Gros Ventre and Mandan tribes, was established by unratified agreements of September 17, 1851, and July 27, 1866, and executive order of April 12, 1870. The Lake Traverse (Sisseton) Reservation, composed of 1,241,600 acres, 1,496 Sioux Indians of Sisseton and Wahpeton bands, was established by treaty of February 19, 1867 (15 Stat. L., 505). The Devil's Lake Reservation, composed of 345,600 acres, 720 Sisseton, Wahpeton and Cuthead bands of Sioux Indians, was established by treaty of February 19, 1867 (idem). The General Sioux Reservation, comprising the following agencies, in all 25,000,000 acres, in charge of Brule, Ogallah, Miniconjou, Lower Yanctonai, Oncpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, Sans Arc and Santee bands of Sioux Indians, was established by treaty of April 29, 1868 (15 Stat. L., 635). Grand River Agency, 6,000 Indians. Cheyenne River Agency, 5,000 Indians. Red Cloud Agency, Wyoming (temporarily on North Platte River when report of 1872 was made), 7,000 Indians. Crow Creek (Upper Missouri) Agency, 3,000 Indians. The Act of March 2, 1861 (12 Stat. L., 239-240), organized the Territory of Dakota and prescribed the duties of the office of the governor, and, among other things, said: "* * * he shall perform the duties and receive the emoluments of superintendent of Indian Affairs Section 6 of the Appropriation Act of July 15, 1870 (16 Stat. L., 360-361), provided: "And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he is hereby authorized, to discontinue any one or more of the Indian superintendencies, and to require the Indian agents of such superintendencies to report directly to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs." Presumably under this authority the Dakota superintendency was discontinued in 1870 and the agencies named above appear thereafter as "Independent Agencies." The same authority gives the names of Indian agents and traders in Dakota Territory in 1872 as follows: INDIAN AGENCIES AND AGENTS IN DAKOTA TERRITORY, 1872 Sisseton Agency, M. N. Adams. Devil's Lake Agency, W. H. Forbes. Grand River Agency, J. C. O'Connor. Upper Missouri Agency, H. F. Livingston. Ponca Agency, H. E. Gregory. INDIAN TRADERS IN DAKOTA TERRITORY, 1872 E. H. Durfee and C. K. Peck, Fort Berthold Agency. E. H. Durfee and C. K. Peck, Cheyenne Agency. Franklin J. DeWitt, Fort Thompson Agency (Crow Creek), at or near the site of old Fort Lookout, and at or near the mouth of White Earth River, Dakota. George W. Howe, Ponca Agency. Downer T. Bramble and William Miner, Yankton Sioux Agency, opposite Fort Randall, known as White Swan. James Fitzsimmons and Andrew J. Miller, Republican County, Dakota. Joseph Bissonette, Sr., Whetstone Agency. George W. Howe, Ponca Agency. Francis D. Yates, Whetstone Agency. Thomas G. Cowgill, Cheyenne Agency. Fort Thompson was named for Clark W. Thompson, of La Crosse, Wis., builder of the Southern Minnesota Railroad from La Crosse to Wells, and Mankato, Minn., and superintendent of Indian Affairs on the Upper Missouri in 1862. CHAPTER XX DAKOTA IN THE CIVIL AND INDIAN WARS COMPANIES A AND B, DAKOTA CAVALRY-THE TERRITORIAL MILITIA ORGANIZED OPERATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE INDIAN UPRISING OF 1862-SIBLEY'S EXPEDITION OF 1863-BATTLES OF BIG MOUND, BUFFALO LAKE AND STONY LAKE-DEATH OF DOCTOR WEISER, LIEUTENANT FREEMAN AND LIEUTENANT BEEVER-BATTLE OF THE MACKINAW-SULLY'S EXPEDITION OF 1863-BATTLE OF WHITE STONE HILLS-SULLY'S EXPEDITION OF 1864-BATTLE AT APPLE CREEK-LOCATION AND BATTLE OF KILLDEER MOUNTAIN-BATTLE OF THE LITTLE MISSOURI OR "WHERE THE HILLS LOOK AT EACH OTHER"-SULLY AT BRASSEAU'S POST ON THE YELLOWSTONE-SITE OF FORT BUFORD SELECTED FORTS STEVENSON, SULLY AND WADSWORTH-FISK'S EXPEDITION-THE BATTLE OF RED BUTTESTHE WHITE WOMAN CAPTIVE-THE MASSACRE NEAR FORT PHIL KEARNEY-THE GREAT SIOUX RESERVATION. The governor of Dakota having been authorized to raise two companies of cavalry for patrol and garrison duty, recruiting stations were established at Yankton, Vermilion and Bon Homme. J. Kendrick Fowler was appointed recruiting officer at Yankton, Nelson Miner at Vermilion and James M. Allen at Bon Homme; and Company A was mustered into the United States service in April, 1862, with Nelson Miner, captain; J. Kendrick Fowler, first lieutenant; and Frederick Ploghoff, second lieutenant. The non-commissioned officers were A. M. English, first sergeant; Patrick Conway, E. K. Wilson, F. P. Hobler, William Neuman, Ben F. Estes, J. B. Watson and Horace J. Austin, sergeants; George Falkenberg, David Benjamin, Joseph Ellis, William Young, C. H. Stager, C. H. Brured, Amos Shaw and Adolph Mauxsch corporals; A. Hanson and E. Wilkins, buglers; A. Jones, farrier, and Timothy Pringle, blacksmith. Privates: M. Anderson, J. Allen, R. Alderson, C. Andrews, B. Bellows, W. W. Benedict, Robert Burkhart, John Betz, John Bradley, John Bell, N. Cusick, D. Campbell, N. Ellingson, J. Floeder, N. Felling, J. Gray, J. Haggin, J. Johnson, C. Lewison, J. Ludwig, J. D. Morse, T. A. McLeese, A. Munson, P. Omeg, C. Olson, L. E. Phelps, H. M. Pierce, George Pike, J. Solberger, J. Tallman, T. J. Tate, B. H. Wood, J. Wells, H. Woodruff, J. Cramer, George Hoosick, H. Snow, A. Gibson, Michael Fisher, J. H. McBee, John Claude, John Collins, S. Delaney, Thomas Frick, J. O. Ford, B. F. Gray, E. Harrington, Ben Hart, J. Kinney, Charles Long, Merrill G. Lothrop, J. Markell, John McClellan, M. J. Mind, O. N. Orland, O. Olsen, J. O. Phelps, James E. Peters, R. A. Ranney, P. Sherman, J. Trumbo, A. J. Drake, T. H. Weegs, Charles Wambold, Charles Wright and W. H. Bellows. Lieutenant Ploghoff resigned and James Bacon was commissioned second lieutenant in his stead. Lieutenant Fowler also resigned. The company, after receiving their equipment, was stationed for a short time at Fort Randall under Lieut. Col. John Pattee of the Seventh Iowa. In July Lieutenant Ploghoff reached Yankton with twenty-five men. Captain Miner was at Vermilion with a part of the company; a portion under Lieutenant Bacon was stationed at Sioux Falls. Sergeant English was at Yankton with another detachment. This organization proved of great importance in the Indian war which commenced in August, 1862, as related in a previous chapter, when Sioux Falls was burned, several persons killed, and practically the whole territory abandoned excepting Yankton, Pembina, Fort Randall, Fort Àbercrombie and the upper Missouri trading posts. August 30, 1862, the governor called out the militia of the territory, and Charles P. Booge was appointed adjutant-general and Robert M. Hagaman, aidde-camp. General Booge appointed Moses K. Armstrong aid-de-camp; Downer T. Bramble, brigade quartermaster; Joseph R. Hanson, judge advocate, and Rev. Melancthon Hoyt, brigade chaplain. At a meeting at Yankton August 30, 1862, to organize a company of militia, with Enos Stutsman president and George W. Kingsbury secretary, sixty men were immediately enrolled and twenty others soon added from the homestead settlers. Those enrolled were Enos Stutsman, Downer T. Bramble, William Bordeno, W. N. Collamer, David Fisher, James M. Allen, Newton Edmunds, Moses K. Armstrong, H. T. Bailey, Joseph R. Hanson, John E. Allen, George W. Kingsbury, J. C. Trask, Obed Foote, George Brown, Parker V. Brown, William P. Lyman, Charles F. Rossteuscher, Charles F. Picotte, Thomas C. Powers (afterwards U. S. senator, Montana), Augustus High, William High, Lytle M. Griffith, James Falkenberg, Nicholas Felling, Antoine Robeart, A. S. Chase, Samuel Grant, John Lawrence, William H. Werdebaugh, John Rouse, Saumel Jerome, George N. Propper, George W. Lamson, William Miner, John McGuire, Washington Reed, James M. Stone, Joseph S. Presho, Charles Noland, John Smart, William Thompson, Bligh E. Wood, James E. Witherspoon, C. S. White, A. B. Smith, Charles Wallace, O. B. Wheeler, F. M. Ziebach, D. W. Reynolds, Henry Bradley, Samuel Mortimer, John Bradley, Jacob Arend, J. M. Reed, T. J. Reed, Charles Nolan, P. H. Risling, Berne C. Fowler, J. W. Evans, James Fawcett, Henry Arend, Dr. A. Van Osdel, Rudolph Von Ins, John Stanage, Gouzaque Bourret, Hans Shager, John Lefevre, William Stevens, George Granger, Charles Philbrick, Inge Englebertson, L. Olson, Henry Strunk, Lewis Peterson, John Johnson, Peter Johnson, G. P. Greenway, Ole Peterson, John Keltz, Barre Olson, Charles McKinney, Christopher Arend, Pierre Dupuis, George Mathiesen, Richard Mathiesen, Peter Nugent, William Van Osdel, Samuel Van Osdel, J. N. Hoyt. At the meeting for organization next day F. M. Ziebach was elected captain; David Fisher, first lieutenant, and John Lawrence, second lieutenant; B. F. Barge, first sergeant; Antoine Robeart, Samuel Mortimer and F. Wadsworth, sergeants; George W. Kingsbury, A. S. Chase, Obed Foote, H. T. Bailey, Downer T. Bramble, J. C. Trask, John Rouse and Newton Edmunds, corporals. A stockade inclosing 400 feet square, embracing the Ash Hotel and several |