The peoples of other nations also see great hope in the atom for the development of their economies and advancement of their welfare. They devoutly wish for ways and means of directing the atom to peaceful uses. There is widespread appreciation of the role the United States has already played in the great atomsfor-peace program to help many of these nations start their own atomic energy programs.

Now, in our proposal to the United Nations for the establishment of an International Atomic Energy Agency, we have answered the basic desire of many nations for an international body to which all may belong-a body in which all may safely pool their knowledge and skill for the advancement of all; from which all may draw knowledge, advice, and nuclear fuels to aid their individual efforts in developing the atom for peaceful employment.

This promise of increased well-being for the people of the world offered by the International Atomic Energy Agency is a major purpose of our proposal. Another is the extension of our fixed and unending determination to open and widen all possible avenues toward a just and enduring world peace. In promoting these purposes, the International Atomic Energy Agency would provide a practical meeting place-common ground of cooperative effort among nations. Thus, through shared hope and work, the world would come to realize the immense possibilities of the atom for the benefit of all.

The statute and the Agency which it will establish hold promise of important progress in that direction. They constitute both a practical approach and a symbol of all that people of good will hope to see accomplished through the use of atomic energy. They offer the underdeveloped nations in particular an earlier availability of the benefits flowing from the constructive uses of the atom, and afford all countries the prospect of mutually stimulated scientific advance dedicated to the welfare of mankind.

To achieve the confidence essential to cooperation among members of the International Atomic Energy Agency, great care has been exercised to insure that fissionable material will be safeguarded to prevent its diversion to any military purpose. A comprehensive safeguard system is provided by the statute. This will apply to all aspects of the Agency's activity involving nuclear materials. A key part of this system is a plan of thorough international inspection. The United States will provide fissionable materials for Agency projects only as this safeguard system is put into effect. I am satisfied that the security of the United States will not be endangered by materials made available to or through this Agency. I should add that the United States is under no obligation to disclose secret information to this Agency.

Authority for directing the Agency will rest primarily in a Board of Governors. The method of choosing these Governors was considered with particular care. The formula finally agreed upon balances geographic considerations with the capacity of the cooperating nations to supply technical or material support to agency projects. This formula assures the protection of the interests of America and the free world. There is also reasonable assurance against entry into the Agency of nations which are excluded from the United Nations, and which were excluded from the Conference and from Agency membership by overwhelming vote on a number of occasions.

This statute is the work of many. It reflects the experience of those concerned with our Nation's efforts since World War II to relieve the burdens of armament for all people. It is consistent with the policies of our present Atomic Energy Act. It has profited by the addition of suggestions from bipartisan congressional hearings.

It is my firm belief that this statute, and the International Atomic Energy Agency provided by it, are in the present and future interest of our country. They have my wholehearted support. I urge early consent to the ratification of the statute, so that the United States which proposed the establishment of this new instrument of peaceful progress may be among the first to give it final approval.

The PRESIDENT,

The White House:

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, February 21, 1957.

I have the honor to submit to you, with a view to transmission to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification, a certified copy of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which was open for signature at United Nations

Headquarters in New York from October 26, 1956, to January 24, 1957, and during that period was signed in behalf of the United States of America and 79 other nations.

The purpose of this treaty is to establish an International Atomic Energy Agency pursuant to the atoms-for-peace proposal made by you in your historic address before the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 8, 1953. In that address you outlined your plan for an international agency, to be established under the aegis of the United Nations, with responsibility for finding methods to apply atomic materials to the abundant production of power and to the needs of agriculture, medicine, and other peaceful pursuits of mankind. In the months following your proposal, discussions were undertaken among those nations having either developed resources of nuclear raw materials or advanced atomic energy programs. An eight-nation group, composed of representatives of the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Portugal, the Union of South Africa, and the United Kingdom, worked early in 1954 to prepare a first draft of a statute for the proposed agency. The subject was thoroughly debated at the Ninth General Assembly in 1954. On December 4, 1954, the General Assembly of the United Nations by unanimous vote endorsed the proposal to create an International Atomic Energy Agency.

A report on the progress of the negotiation of the statute was made to members of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy in July 1955 and appropriate revisions were made in the draft statute on the basis of their comments.

On August 22, 1955, a draft statute was circulated to get the views of all members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies, a total at that time of 84 states. The subject was again debated at the Tenth General Assembly in 1955, and a resolution endorsing the efforts of the negotiating group was unanimously adopted.

On February 27, 1956, the working group, now expanded to 12 nations by the inclusion of Brazil, Czechoslovakia, India, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, met in Washington at the invitation of the United States. This group worked to revise the draft statute. It considered, and often adopted, ideas and suggestions not only of the members of the drafting group but of other nations the world over from which comments had been received. The resulting draft, adopted on April 18 by the working group reflected to a great degree the balance of views of a large number of states.

In June 1956 a further report on the progress of negotiations was made to members of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.

The document negotiated by the group of 12 nations was presented to the delegates of 81 nations at the opening of the Conference on the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which convened at United Nations Headquarters in New York on September 20, 1956. The United States delegation to that Conference was under the chairmanship of Ambassador James J. Wadsworth, deputy representative of the United States to the United Nations and United States representative for International Atomic Energy Agency Negotiations. It included congressional advisers, designated by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as well as advisers from the Department of State and the Atomic Energy Commission. The Conference was presided over by Ambassador João Carlos Muniz of Brazil.

The Conference, at which the largest number of nations in history were gathered together, was distinguished by earnestness of purpose and understanding. Notwithstanding the complexity of the subjects, and the newness of the field in which it was working, the Conference found it possible, at the end of 36 days of fruitful discussion and negotiation, to arrive at agreement on the setting up of the International Atomic Energy Agency and its statute. The statute was opened for signature on October 26, 1956, and was signed on that date by plenipotentiaries of 70 of the 81 nations represented at the Conference. During the 90-day period during which, by its terms, the statute remained open for signature, it was signed in behalf of 10 other nations.

The statute provides for the establishment of an organization to assist the nations of the world in entering the atomic era. Created under the aegis of the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency will function as an autonomous international organization and will establish an approprite relationship with the United Nations consistent with the Agency's statute. The purpose of the Agency is to supply a means through which the promise of nuclear energy will be open to the benefit of all, to be utilized as an instrument of progress and peace.

To achieve its goal, the Agency will take advantage of the means that will be voluntarily placed at its disposal by member states. It will extend aid in the form of fissionable materials, source materials, special equipment, and technical assistance. The Agency's assistance will be based on agreements freely negotiated between governments and the Agency. Provision is made for controls and safeguards to ensure that fissionable materials made available through the Agency will not be diverted to nonpeaceful purposes and will not endanger the health of populations or individuals. The controls and safeguards are intended to guarantee the peaceful and safe utilization of materials supplied by the Agency, or used in Agency-sponsored projects, and of fissionable byproducts derived therefrom.

There is transmitted herewith a summary of the statute directed to its specific provisions. There is also transmitted a copy of the report submitted to the Secretary of State by the chairman of the United States delegation to the Conference on the statute. In addition, a copy of the communication dated October 25, 1956, to which reference is made in the statement accompanying the Venezuelan signatures to the statute, is included, together with a translation thereof.

It is planned that a draft Participation Act to provide for appointment of representatives of the United States to the Agency, and to make provision with respect to United States participation in the Agency, will be submitted to the Congress early in the present session.

It is earnestly hoped that the Senate will give prompt consideration to the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and that the Congress will enact without delay the proposed Participation Act. Under your personal initiative the United States has been the principal advocate of an international organization designed to turn the mighty force of the atom from the devastation of war to the constructive avenues of peace. It is hoped that the United States may be among the first to ratify the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and, by our leadership and support, to help to ensure the success of that Agency from its inception.

Respectfully submitted.

JOHN FOSTER DULLES.

(Enclosures: (1) Certified copy of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency; (2) summary; (3) report by chairman of United States delegation; (4) Venezuelan communication dated October 25, 1956, and translation.) STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY [1]

ARTICLE I

Establishment of the Agency

The Parties hereto establish an International Atomic Energy Agency (hereinafter referred to as "the Agency") upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.

ARTICLE II
Objectives

The Agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world. It shall ensure, so far as it is able, that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose.

A. The Agency is authorized:

ARTICLE III
Functions

1. To encourage and assist research on, and development and practical application of, atomic energy for peaceful uses throughout the world; and, if requested to do so, to act as an intermediary for the purposes of securing the performance of services or the supplying of materials, equipment, or facilities by one member of the Agency for another; and to perform any operation or service useful in research on, or development or practical application of, atomic energy for peaceful purposes;

[1 Conference on the Statute held at Headquarters of the United Nations, 20 September to 26 October 1956.]

2. To make provision, in accordance with this Statute, for materials, services, equipment, and facilities to meet the needs of research on, and development and practical application of, atomic energy for peaceful purposes, including the production of electric power, with due consideration for the needs of the under-developed areas of the world;

3. To foster the exchange of scientific and technical information on peaceful uses of atomic energy;

4. To encourage the exchange and training of scientists and experts in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy;

5. To establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or, at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy;

6. To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property (including such standards for labour conditions), and to provide for the application of these standards to its own operations as well as to the operations making use of materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its control or supervision; and to provide for the application of these standards, at the request of the parties, to operations under any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or, at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy;

7. To acquire or establish any facilities, plant and equipment useful in carrying out its authorized functions, whenever the facilities, plant, and equipment otherwise available to it in the area concerned are inadequate or available only on terms it deems unsatisfactory.

B. In carrying out its functions, the Agency shall:

1. Conduct its activities in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations to promote peace and international cooperation, and in conformity with policies of the United Nations furthering the establishment of safeguarded world-wide disarmament and in conformity with any international agreements entered into pursuant to such policies;

2. Establish control over the use of special fissionable materials received by the Agency, in order to ensure that these materials are used only for peaceful purposes;

3. Allocate its resources in such a manner as to secure efficient utilization and the greatest possible general benefit in all areas of the world, bearing in mind the special needs of the underdeveloped areas of the world;

4. Submit reports on its activities annually to the General Assembly of the United Nations and, when appropriate, to the Security Council; if in connexion with the activities of the Agency there should arise questions that are within the competence of the Security Council, the Agency shall notify the Security Council, as the organ bearing the main responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and may also take the measures open to it under this Statute, including those provided in paragraph C of article XII;

5. Submit reports to the Economic and Social Council and other organs of the United Nations on matters within the competence of these organs. C. In carrying out its functions, the Agency shall not make assistance to members subject to any political, economic, military, or other conditions incompatible with the provisions of this Statute.

D. Subject to the provisions of this Statute and to the term of agreements concluded between a State or a group of States and the Agency which shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Statute, the activities of the Agency shall be carried out with due observance of the sovereign rights of States.

ARTICLE IV
Membership

A. The initial members of the Agency shall be those States Members of the United Nations or of any of the specialized agencies which shall have signed this Statute within ninety days after it is opened for signature and shall have deposited an instrument of ratification.

B. Other members of the Agency shall be those States, whether or not Members of the United Nations or of any of the specialized agencies, which deposit an instrument of acceptance of this Statute after their membership has been approved by the General Conference upon the recommendation of the Board of Governors. In recommending and approving a State for membership, the Board of Governors and the General Conference shall determine that the State is able and willing to carry out the obligations of membership in the Agency, giving due consideration to its ability and willingness to act in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.

C. The Agency is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members, and all members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with this Statute.

ARTICLE V

General Conference

A. A General Conference consisting of representatives of all members shall meet in regular annual session and in such special sessions as shall be convened by the Director General at the request of the Board of Governors or of a majority of members. The sessions shall take place at the headquarters of the Agency unless otherwise determined by the General Conference.

B. At such sessions, each member shall be represented by one delegate who may be accompanied by alternates and by advisers. The cost of attendance of any delegation shall be borne by the member concerned.

C. The General Conference shall elect a President and such other officers as may be required at the beginning of each session. They shall hold office for the duration of the session. The General Conference, subject to the provisions of this Statute, shall adopt its own rules of procedure. Each member shall have one vote. Decisions pursuant to paragraph H of article XIV, paragraph C of article XVIII and paragraph B of article XIX shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional questions or categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting. A majority of members shall constitute a quorum.

D. The General Conference may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of this Statute or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in this Statute, and may make recommendations to the membership of the Agency or to the Board of Governors or to both on any such questions or matters.

E. The General Conference shall:

1. Elect members of the Board of Governors in accordance with article VI; 2. Approve States for membership in accordance with article IV;

3. Suspend a member from the privileges and rights of membership in accordance with article XIX;

4. Consider the annual report of the Board;

5. In accordance with article XIV, approve the budget of the Agency recommended by the Board or return it with recommendations as to its entirety or parts to the Board, for resubmission to the General Conference; 6. Approve reports to be submitted to the United Nations as required by the relationship agreement between the Agency and the United Nations, except reports referred to in paragraph C of article XII, or return them to the Board with its recommendations;

7. Approve any agreement or agreements between the Agency and the United Nations and other organizations as provided in article XVI or return such agreements with its recommendations to the Board, for resubmission to the General Conference;

8. Approve rules and limitations regarding the exercise of borrowing powers by the Board, in accordance with paragraph G of article XIV; approve rules regarding the acceptance of voluntary contributions to the Agency; and approve, in accordance with paragraph F of article XIV, the manner in which the general fund referred to in that paragraph may be used;

9. Approve amendments to this Statute in accordance with paragraph C of article XVIII;

10. Approve the appointment of the Director General in accordance with paragraph A of article VII.