thy Venezuelians who are returning to the bosom of their families. Liberty has appeared as the sun; and its powers have awakened the patriotism of the most heroic people of the new world. Unfortunate are those who oppose it, and more unfortunate are those who attempt to extinguish its light; they will only meet with death. JOSE ANTONIO PAEZ. Head Quarters, Valencia,} 29th January, New Colombian Tariff. under other names and regulations as tonnage, anchorage and other port duties.] Art 2. For the future the differences admitted by previous laws in the places of origin of foreign merchandize, shall cease; and uniform and the same duties shall be collected, according to the provisions of this decree, on all, whether they proceed from Europe, the colonies of European nations, the United States of North America, the Asiatic possessions, or the new American Simon Bolivar, Liberator, President of States. [This is not at all to the Republic, &c. infringe any existing treaties.] Art. 3. (This divides all merchandize and effects into six classes.) 1st. Sheet iron, paper, medicines, cordage, cables, pitch, tar, precious stones, laces, cambrics, Considering that the expenses of the Republic have been increased, by the necessity of preserving it in a defensible condition with regard to Spain, who still remains obstinate in her pretensions of domination, and of arming to re- (battiste and fine), handkerchiefs, pel the unjust aggressions of Peru; and tools of all sorts. These imThat the discrimination be- ported in Colombian vessels, pay tween different ports from which 15 per cent and in foreign vesmerchandize proceeds, adopted sels 184. by the laws of the State, for the collection of great and small duties, if it was useful when es tablished, has since become injurious to commercial nations; Finally, that it is absolutely necessary to insure the greatest possible revenue from import duties the council of the State having been consulted 2d. Cloths or fabrics of cotton, wool, linen, hemp, or worsted, (except those comprehended in other classes), 18 per cent in national vessels, and 224 in foreign. 3d. Hats, of beaver, wool, cotton, silk, or straw, umbrellas, spermaceti, manufactured or not, olives, watches, of gold, silver, or other metals, galloon, delft ware, and all sorts of fine and coarse glass-201 per cent in national vessels, and 254 in foreign. I decree - Art. 1. On imposts no other duty shall be collected in the ports than those known by that name to the laws of the Republic: all shall be consolidated 4th. Silks and all silk fabrics, into one, which were formerly mock jewels, curried skins, ornaknown by various denominations. mental plumes and fans-22 - [This article does not exclude in national, and 27 in foreign. those that have been collected 5th. Furniture and utensils, of gold, platinum, silver, bronze, copper, tin, lead and sheet iron, dried fruits, &c, all sorts of foreign tanned leather and bread stuffs, except those paying a specific duty-25 per cent in national, and 30 in foreign. 6th. Glass chandeliers, Grecian lamps, mirrors, carriages, shoes, boots and other leathern articles, house furniture, made garments, perfumes, essences; scented waters, &c, men's and women's riding saddles-30 per cent in national, and 354 in foreign vessels. All other kinds of goods, wares and merchandize, not included above, and not subject to specific duties, imported in national vessels shall pay 25, and in foreign 304 on the arancel prices, or the valuation made in presence of the factors. The following articles shall pay the specified duties annexed to them. Manufactured steel, 40 reals per quintal, Cana, brandy, or its mixtures, common proof, 30r. pr. doz; bottles do. in other condition, 25r. pr. arroba; wine, or other brandy, common proof, 36r. pr. doz.; do. in other condition, 30r. per arr.; Garlic, 30r. per q.; Aniseed, 64r. per do.; rice, 16r. do.; smoked or salted beef, 16r. do. do. do.; pork, 24 do.; beer, 12r. per doz.; do. other condition, 8 per arr.; cider 12r. per doz. or 8 per arr.; copper, in pigs, 32r. per q.; do. in sheets, 36r. do.; cummin, 50r. do.; pastes, 25r. do.; unwrought iron, minestras, &c, 16r. do.; biscuits, 40r. do.; flour, 8r. per arr.; corn, barley and oatmeal, 4r. per do.; hams, 40r. per q.; lard, 50r. do.; Indian corn, 8r. per fanega; playing cards, r. per pack; oreganum, 50r. per q.; dry salt fish, 25r. per q.; do. in pickle, 4r. per lb.; snuff, fine, 4r. per lb. ; all sorts of powder, 100г. per q.; rapee, 48r. per bot.; salt, 8r. per q.; tallow, 16r. per q.; do. manufactured, 40r. per do.; vinegar, 12r. doz. bot. or 8r. per arr.; Champ. and Madeira wine, 24r. doz. or 18r. per arr.; all red wines, 9r. per doz. or 6 per arr. ; other wines, 18r. per doz. or 12 per arr. Art. 12. The above duties are for imports in national vessels; 5 per ct. to be added when imported in foreign. Art. 13. The importation of rum and its compounds to be permitted hereafter only in theports between Angostura and Maracaibo, inclusive. Art. 14. This decree shall go into full effect in all the custom houses of the Republic, from the first day of July of the present year. Art. 15. Previous regulations, contrary to this decree are re pealed. Art. 16. The minister Secretary of State in the Department of the Treasury is charged with its execution and punctual fulfilment. Given at head quarters at Quito, or iron machinery or agricultural For his Excellency the Liberator. instruments, 16r. do. do. ; manufactured in other forms, 32r.; JOSE B. ESPINER, Secretary General. BRAZIL. Speech of the Emperor of Brazil, on the opening of the General Assembly, 3d of May, 1830. Most august and most worthy Represen tatives of the Nation: WITH the greatest pleasure I now open the first session of the second Legislature of this Empire, and am much gratified in being able to announce to the General Legislative Assembly my union with the Most Serene Princess Donna Amelia Augusta Eugenia de Leuchtenbourg, the present Empress, my most beloved and esteemed wife. With the desired arrival of my august bride, the young Queen of Portugal and Algarves, my beloved and dear daughter, returned, who (not abandoning her cause) is now under my protection and guardianship; and although in the character of father and guardian, it is my duty to defend the cause of that sovereign; however, I shall be faithful to my pledge to the Assembly, that the interest and tranquillity of Brazil should not suffer in consequence of the affairs of Portugal. To your care and philanthropy I recommend the Portuguese emigrants, who, having preserved and even accompanied the legitimate Queen, are now at this Court in need of assistance. 6 It is very flattering to me to be able to communicate to the General Assembly the firm continuation of an intercourse of harmony and friendship between myself and the other Sovereigns and States of both hemispheres. Treaties of commerce and navigation with the King of the Netherlands and with the United States have been ratified, and copies of them already presented to you by my Minister of the proper department, on the expiration of the last session of the Legislature. I congratulate myself and you on the tranquillity which prevails in all the provinces of the Empire. My Minister and Secretary of State for the Judiciary Department, according to the provisions of the Constitution, will inform you of the causes which constrained the Government to suspend for some time the individual guarantees in the province of Ceara. Vigilant, and desiring to keep good order, it is my most imperious duty to remind you of the necessity of restraining, by legal means, the continued abuse of the liberty of the press in the whole Empire, which threatens great evils; and it is the duty of the Assembly to put a stop to them. The affairs of the Treasury and Judiciary, so often recommended by me, ought to deserve all the zeal and care with which the nation expects its Representatives to receive it. The reform of those important branches of the public administration is of vital interest to the prosperity of the Empire. The Army and Navy cannot but attract your attention; the first requiring a rigorous and regular organization, while in the second some reforms are absolutely necessary. The geographical situation of the Empire renders the maintenance of land and sea forces a necessary and prudent measure. The slave trade has ceased, and the Government is decided in employing all those measures which honor and humanity dictate to prevent its continuance under any pretence whatever; therefore, I think it absolutely necessary to suggest that it is advisable to facilitate the emigration of useful persons to this country. Laws determining the distribution of uncultivated lands, and securing the fulfilment of any agreement made with the colonists, will be of manifest utility, and of great advantage in promoting industry generally. Public education, which has been constantly the object of my Imperial care, requires all your attention. It is necessary that the principles of the Apostolical Catholic Religion professed by us, as well as its precepts and Christian morals, be carefully taught and practised in the elementary schools of the Empire. I leave to the consideration of this Assembly the above-mentioned recommendations. I feel confident in the wisdom and patriotism that will preside over the proceedings of this session, which will bring upon the legislators the blessings of a thankful country. Most worthy Representatives, &c. I rely upon your co-operation as Brazilians, who only have in view the general interests of their country, and the consolidation of the Monarchical, Constitutional, Representative system, and the splendor of my Imperial Throne, The Session is opened. ral and manufactured, not before provided for in this law. 5. A duty of twenty per cent shall be paid on sugar, mate herb, coffee, tea, cocoa, cinnamon, spices, drugs, eatables in general." 6. A duty of twentyfive per cent shall be paid on furniture, looking glasses, coaches, volantes, and mountings, saddles and trappings for horses, ready made clothes, shoes, liquors, brandies, wine, vinegar, beer, cider, and tobacco. 7. Salt shall pay a duty of two rials per fanega. 8. No duty shall be paid on raw hides of all kinds, hair, horns, rough tallow, gold and silver, stamped and in bars. duce of this State, not compre hended in the above, shall pay an ad valorem duty of four per cent upon current prices. 16. Except grain, small stores, flour, salt beef, wool on the skin, leather and all kinds of manufac tures; also all foreign merchandize which has paid the import duty, shall be free of export charge. 17. Four per cent shall be paid on gold and silver, coined or in bullion. 18. Merchandize in deposit shall pay two per cent on exportation. CHAPTER 3. MANNER OF COLLECTING THE DUTIES. 19. The duties shall be assess 9. One rial per package shall ed upon the wholesale prices of be paid on all articles or effects, the place, to be determined by which enter on deposit, unless the Vista and two merchants, they remain longer than thirty when the articles are despatched days, when two rials per month by the Custom House. will be exacted for the time they remain in deposit over the first thirty days. 20. The merchants spoken of in the preceding article, shall be comprehended in a list of twelve, which shall be made out each month by the Consulado. Four shall be designated each month by the collector general, who shall act alternately. 21. In case the interested party shall claim deductions, and the Vista objects, in a difference exceeding one per cent, a final decision shall be made by the collector general and two merchants drawn by lot from the list. 22. The arbitrators shall not separate without having decided which decision shall be posi tive. 23. The operations of the examinations and assessment shall be public, and the causes of their |