26, 86; Treaty of, 1714, 27, 7;
Treaty signed at 1715, 25, 27, 26,
30; Treaty status of, 26, 212, 216,
28, 13-5, 18.

Antwerp province, agricultural labour,
26, 107.

Angin coalfield, 26, 122-3.
Aragon, 26, 18.
Archies, 26, 177.

Ardennes, agricultural industry, 26,
115; communal land, 26, 121;
description, 26, 3, 5; forestry, 26,
117; industries, 26, 148, 150;
population density, 26, 11; pottery
and fire-proof clays, 26, 129; small
proprietors, 26, 119.

Argentine, Belgian trade with, 26,
164, 166, 167.

Argfeld, annexation by Prussia, 1815,
26, 186.

Arlon, 26, 180; arable land, rent, 26,

119, note; language, 26, 9; Royal
Athénée, 26, 83.
Armenians, 25, 13.

Armentières, ceded to France, 1668,
26, 179 note.

Army, Holland, 25, 29, 40; Luxem-
burg, 27, 28; Army reform, Bel-
gium, 1909, 26, 73.

Arras, 26, 177; ceded to France,

1659, 26, 178 note; League of, 1579,
25, 7, 26, 23; Treaty of, 1435, 26,
20.

Arsenic, 26, 146.

Articles (XVIII), 1831, 25, 50-3, 26,
54-5, 27, 16, 31, 42, 28, 6, 29, 1–2,
12.

Articles (XXIV), 1839, 25, 53–5, 26,

55-8, 183, 27, 16-17, 31-3, 43, 28,
6-8, 9-11, 14-15, 29, 12-17-
Artois, 26, 77, as Burgundian State,
26, 19, 177; as Fief of France,
26, 177, 26, 19, renunciation of
claims by French King, 1435, 26,
20; League of Arras, 1579, signed,
25, 7; part of, ceded to France,
1659, 26, 178 note, 179.
Asch, coal-mines near, 26, 157.
Asche, Marquis d', deputation to Chau-
mont, 1814, 26, 38 note.

Ath, 26, 11, 180; canal, 26, 88; ceded
to France, 1668, 26, 179 note, and
surrender by, 1678, 26, 179 note;
Royal Athénée, 26, 83; silk in-
dustry, 26, 143.

Athus, iron and steel industry, 26,
127, 133; railway, 26, 95.
Aubel, François d', 26, 208.

Augsburg, Treaty of, 1548, 26, 21, 27,
5-6.

Austerlitz, 1805, 25. 37.
Australia, Belgian trade with, 26, 167.
Austria, and Belgian neutrality, 26,
57 note; defensive alliance with
United Provinces, 1686, 25, 24;
"Eight Articles of London" ac-
cepted by, 1814, 27, 12 13; grand
alliance, 25, 25, 26, 27; guarantee
of neutrality of Luxemburg, 1867,
27, 22, 46; London Conference, see
that title; war with Prussia, 1866,
26, 66, 27, 20, 36.
Austria-Hungary, Belgian trade with,
26, 164.

Austrian succession, war of, 1744-8
25, 30, 26, 180.

Avesnes, ceded to France, 1659, 26,
178 note.

Axal, retained by Dutch, 1648, 26,

181.

B.

Baden, Treaty of, 1714, 25, 27, 26, 30.
Baelen-usines, zinc works, 26, 140.
Bailleul, ceded to France, 1678, 26,
179 note.

Baltic, efforts of Charles Gustavus of

Sweden to become master of, 25, 19.
Banca, Island, cession to the Nether-
lands, 1814, 26, 206.

Banque Belge de Chemin de Fir, 26,
155.

Banque Belge de Prêts Forniers, 26,

155.

Banque Internationale de Bruxelles,
26, 155.

Banque, Nationale de Belgique, 26,
173-4.

Banking, 26, 152, 173-6.

Bapaume, ceded to France, 1659, 26,
178 note.

Barley, 26, 108, 113, 115.

Barnardiston, Colonel, British military
attaché in Belgium, negotiations
with Belgium, 1906, 29, 19-20.
Barrier Towns, conquered by French,
1747, 25, 30; evacuation by the
⚫ States, 1781, 25, 33, 26, 33; return
to Dutch, 1748, 25, 31; by Treaty
of 1715, 26, 28.

Barrier Treaties, 25, 27, 28, 26, 30,
32, 27, 12.

Barthels, journalist, banishment, 1830,
26, 48.

Bary, H. Albert de, & Co. (now
Compagnie Commerciale Belge) 26,
155; activities and interests in
Belgium, 26, 159–60.
Basic slag, 26, 146.

Basse-Sambre coalfield, 26, 123, 124.
Baudour, industries, 26, 148, 150;

phosphates, 26, 129; pottery and
fire-proof clay, 26, 129.
Bauwens, Lievin, 26, 141.

Bavai, ceded to France, 1678, 26, 179
note.

Bavaria, 27, 24; elector of, 26, 25, 28, 30
Batavian Republic, 25, 35, 28, 4, 17.
Beaufort, Duke of, deputation to
Chaumont, 1814, 26, 38 note.
Beauharnais, Eugène de, 26, 52.
Beauharnais, Hortense de, wife of
Louis Napoleon, 25, 37.
Beerenbrouck, Ruys de, Cabinet
formed by, 1918, 25, 65.
Beet industry, 26, 114.
Beho, language, 26, 9.
Belgium, see also 26 and 29, contents;
annexation, French " Party of Move-
ment" agitation for, 1830, 29, 5, 6,
proposal by Bismarck, 26, 66;
fortresses, dismantling of, by Con-
vention of 1831, 29, 10, 16-17;
French secret negotiations with,
for cession of Luxemburg, 1867,
27, 21; grievances during union, 25,
48-9, 26, 44-8; neutrality, accept-
ance of by London Conference, 29,
7-8; XXVIII articles, 29, 12-7;
XXIV articles, 29, 12, British
intention to respect, reiterated
April 1913, 29, 21, confirmation by
Prussia, 1870, 29, 17-18, English
attitude, 29, 7, alleged French
violation of, 29, 18; German viola-
tion of, 1914, 29, 18-9, German
justification, 29, 1-2, guarantee,
by Powers, 29, 9-12, 14-7, inter-
ference by Powers in internal affairs
not involved, 29, 11, 12, 14, policy
of M. de Talleyrand, 29, 5-7,
proposals, 25, 51, 26, 51, 29, 4-7,
protection of, 1870, 26, 67-8,
territorial integrity, 29, 9-17,
violation, British assistance in event
of conversations, re, 29, 19-21;
revolt against Dutch rule, 25, 49-51,
26, 48-50, 190, 27, 14-15, 28, 5,
14; separation from Holland, see
under Holland; Treaties with
Holland, 26, 214-6; Union with
Holland, see under Holland.
Benedetti, Count, French Ambassador
in Prussia, 26, 66, 27, 21.

[2853]

Berbice, surrendered to Great Britain,
1814, 25, 45, 26, 205, 206-7.
Berchem, oilcloth, &c., industry, 26,
145.

Bergeret, 26, 213.

Bergues, added to France, 1668, 26,
178 note.

Berlin, African Conference, 1884, 26,
75; Decree, 1806, 25, 38.
Bertrix quarries, 26, 129.
Bethmann-Hollweg, Herr von, German
Imperial Chancellor, protest to,
by leaders of the Flemish move-
ment, 1917. 26, 199 note; on
violation of Belgian neutrality, 29,
18-9.

Bethune, ceded to France, 1659, 26,
178 note.

Beveland, South, Island, 28, 2.
Binche, ceded to France, 1668, 26,
179 note, surrendered, 1678, 26,
179 note; clothing industry, 26,
144; glass-sand, 26, 129.

Bismarck, Prince, 26, 66, 27, 21, 48,
29, 17-8.

Bitbourg, annexation
1815, 26, 186.

by Prussia,

Bituminous coals, 26, 124.
Blankenberghe port, 26, 100.
Blaton-Ath Canal, 26, 88.
Bleyberg, zinc and lead deposits, 26,
128.

Boer War, see South African War.
Bois-le-Duc, see 's Hertogenbosch.
Bonn, capture by William III, 1673,
25, 22.

Boom, brick earth and pottery clays,
26, 129; industries, 26, 136, 148,
149, 150.

Borinage coalfield, 26, 123, 124.
Bos, Dr., failure to form Cabinet,
1913, 25, 65.

Bosse, P. van, Ministry of, 25, 59.
Bouillon, Duchy of, 26, 180; Dutch
ownership, 25, 47, 26, 43, 184-5;
French ownership, 1591-1642 and
from 1676, 26, 178, 179 and note;
joined to Luxemburg, 1815, 26, 181,
210.

Boulonge, county of, 26, 177.
Bourbourg, ceded to France, 1659,
26, 178 note.

Brabant, 25, 36, 26, 181; Act of
Abjuration, 1581, 25, 8, 9; agri-
cultural industry, 26, 107, 114; as
Burgundian State under Charles V,
26, 19; cession of part to France,
1810, 25, 39; conquests in north,
concession to the Dutch, 1648, 25,
15, 26, 25; Dukes of, supremacy

a 2

after battle of Woeringen, 27, 3-4;
as fief of the Empire, 26, 19;
Joyeuse Entrée, charter, 1355, 27,4;
oath of allegiance to Albert and
Isabel, 1598, 27, 6; opposition to
Joseph II, 26, 33-4; paper indus-
try, 26, 150; part of cost of garri-
sons of barrier towns to be mortgage
on revenues of, 25, 28; population
density, 26, 10, 11; religion, 25, 66.
Brabant and Limburg, Anthony,
Duke of, 1406-15, 27, 4.
Brabant, John, Duke of (1288), 27,
4 note, 34.

Braine l'Alleud, cotton weaving, 26,
141; glass-sand, 26, 129.
Brandenburg, defensive alliance with
United Provinces, 1686, 25, 24.
Brazil, Belgian trade with, 26, 164,
166; Dutch claims in, abandoned
to Portugal, 1661, 25, 19.
Breda, capture by Frederick Henry,
1637, 25, 14; peace of, 1667, 25,
20; possession confirmed to United
Provinces, 1648, 26, 25.
Brialmont, General, fortifications of,
26, 73.

Brick earth and brick industry, 26,
129, 149-50.

Bridges, Lieutenant-Colonel, conversa-

tion with General Jungbluth, 29, 21.
Brill, capture by Sea Beggars, 1572,
25, 5; handed to Queen Elizabeth
as pledge for repayment of expenses,
1585, 25, 9.

Briquette industry, 26, 130-1.
British capital and interests in

Belgium, 25, 154.
British Empire, Belgian trade with,
26, 163-4.

Bronsveld, Pastor Dr., founder of
Christelijk-Historische Kiegersbond,

25, 69.

Bruges, canals, 26, 89, 99-100; in-
dustries, 26, 133, 136, 145, 150;
port, 26, 89-99; Royal Athénée,
26, 83; shut off from access to sea,
26, 25.

Brunswick Wolfenbüttel, Lewis
Ernest, Duke of, co-guardian of
William V, 25, 31; appointed
Captain-General of the Union and
Regent, 1759, 25, 31-2; driven out
of country, 1784, 25, 33.
Brussels, 25, 45; The Archdukes
at, 1599, 25, 12; canals, 26, 88, 89;
Chamber of Commerce, 26, 151;
Colonial College, 26, 76; commer-
cial intelligence department or
museum, 26, 151; commercial and

industrial organisations, 26, 152;
communal schools, 26, 81; Con-
ference at, 1863, re capitalisation
of tolls of the Scheldt, 26, 65;
Flemish movement, 26, 195; Free-
thinkers' Congress, 1914, 26, 202;
fruit farms, 26, 110; Geographical
Congress, 1876, 26, 74; industries,
26, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 144,
148; language and races, 26, 8,
192; King Leopold at, July 1881,
25, 51, 26, 54; Ligue Ouvrière
Congress, 1885, 26, 200; Maison

41;

du Peuple," 26, 203; meetings of
Belgian notables, 26, 38,
National Congress, October 1830,
25, 50, 26, 49-50; population, 26,
37; port, 26, 89, 100-1; railway
communications, 26, 90, 91; riot
and revolt, August-September 1830,
25, 49, 26, 48; Royal Athénée, 26,
83; School of Tropical Medicine,
26, 76; State entry of William I as
King of the Netherlands, Sept. 26,
1815, 25, 47, 26, 43-4; States-
General of the Burgundian Nether-
lands meetings at, 27, 5; Union of,
1576, 25, 6; University, 26, 80;
wireless station, 26, 98.

Bulgaria, Belgian trade with, 26, 164.
Bülow, Baron Heinrich von, policy re
neutrality of Belgium, 1831, 26,
54 note, 29, 4-5, 5, 8.

Bülow, General von, 25, 40, 26, 37.
Burgher aristocracy, rise of, 25, 29.
Burgundian Netherlands, 1419-1506,
26, 16-18.

Burgundian States under Charles V,
26, 19, 27, 5, 6.

Burgundy, Dukes of, loss of French
fiefs of, 1477, 27, 5; power of, at end
of 14th century, 26, 177; rule over
Luxemburg from 1441, 27, 5: as
sovereigns of the Netherlands, 26,
17, see also Charles the Bold, Philip
the Bold, Philip the Fair, and
Philip the Good.

Butter imports and exports, 26, 112,

167.

C.

Calomine (or carbonate of zinc), 26,
128, 129.

Calomist Party, Holland, 25, 58.
Cambrai, ceded to France, 1678, 26,
179 note; Treaty of, 1529, 26, 177.
Camperdown, defeat of Dutch fleet at,
1797, 25, 36.

Campine, the, agricultural industry,

26, 115; coalfield, 26, 122, 124–6,
130, 148; communal land, 26, 121;
description, 26, 2-3; forestry, 26,
117; glass-sand, 26, 129; iron ore
deposits, 26, 127-8; population
density, 26, 11; pottery clays, 26,
129; rents, 26, 113; small pro-
prietors, 26, 119; sulphuric acid
industry, 26, 146: zinc works, 26,

140.

Campo Formio, Treaty of, 1797, 26,

34, 27, 7, 28, 5.

Canal du Centre, 26, 89.

Canal de Jonction de la Meuse à
l'Escourt, 26, 85, 88.

Cape Breton province, ceded to France,
1748, 25, 31.

Cape Colony, retention by British, 26,
45, 205, 206-7.

Captain and Admiral-General, 25, 10,

22, 30; abolition of officers, 25, 17.
office made hereditary in family of
Orange, 25, 13; office made heredi-
tary in male and female line of
House of Nassau, 25, 30; no Stad-
holder of a province to be, by decree
of 1667, 25, 20.
Captain-General of the Union, 25,
26, 31.

Carpete, imports, 26, 144.

Cassel, ceded to France, 1678, 26, 179
note.

Castile, 26, 18.

Castings and forgings, 26, 138.
Castlereagh, Lord, convention with
Dutch Minister, 1S14, 25, 45-6;
and negotiations for union of Hol-
land and Belgium, 1814, 25 41,
42-3, 26, 36, 37, 180, 28, 13.
Catherine III of Russia, 25, 32.
Catholic League, 1579, see Arras,
League of.

Catholics, see Roman Catholics.

Cattle industry, 26, 111-2, 113, 115,
119.

Cautionary Towns," 25, 9.

Cereals, import, 26, 119, 167, 169.
Ceylon ceded to Great Britain, 1802,
25, 36, 45.

Chambers of Commerce, 26, 151–2.
"Chambers of rhetoric," 26, 189.
Charlemont (Givet), 26, 180, ceded
to France, 1678, 26, 179 note.
Charleroi, 26, 180; canal, 26, 86, 88,
89; ceded to France, 1668, 26, 179
note, and surrendered by, 1678, 26,
179 note; Chamber of Commerce, 26,
151 coalfield, 26, 123, 124; Dutch
garrison, 25, 27; industries, 26,

133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 147, 148;
language, 26, 8; railway communi-
cations, 26, 91; riot, 26, 69; Royal
Athénée, 26, 83; Treaty, 1713, 26,
29.

Charles I, King of England, 25, 14,
17.

Charles II, King of England, restora-

tion, 25, 19; secret treaty with
Louis XIV of France, 1671, 25, 21.
Charles II, King of Spain, 26, 30;
dominions bequeathed to Philip of
Anjou, 1700, 25, 25, 26, 26-7, 27,
6-7; title to sovereignty of the
Netherlands, 26, 31.

Charles IV, Emperor, Luxemburg
dominions granted to half-brother
Wencelas, 1354, 27, 4.

Charles V, Emperor (1506-55) as
Sovereign of the Netherlands, 26,
18-22, 27, 5-6.

Charles V, Sovereign of the Spanish
(henceforth Austrian) Netherlands,
1713, 1714, 27, 7.

Charles VI of Austria, as Sovereign of
the Netherlands, 25, 29-30, 26, 28,
29-33, 35.

Charles X of France, 26, 48.
Charles, Archduke of Austria, claimant
to Spanish Throne, 1700, 25, 25, 26,
26, 27; as candidate to throne of
Belgium, 1831, 26, 52.

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
(1467-77), 26, 17, 177, 27, 5.
Charles Gustavus of Sweden, 25,
18-9.

Charles of Lorraine, Governor-General
of the Netherlands, 1741-80, 26, 31.
Charlotte, Princess, 26, 53.
Charriaux, M., on Belgian Socialist
movement, 26, 201.

Chassé, General, defence of Antwerp
and capitulation, 1832, 26, 59.
Chasteles, Marquis du, deputation to
Chaumont, 1814, 26, 38 note.
Chatham, Lord, capture of Flushing,
1809, 28, 17-18.
Châtillon-sur-Seine,

conferences at,

1813, 1814, 25, 42-3, 26, 37, 27, 8,
28, 13.

Chaumont, 25, 43, 26, 38.

Chemical industries, 26, 145-8.
Chicory, 26, 109, 110, 114.

Chile, Belgian trade with, 26, 164,
166.

Chimay, 26, 83, 90, 148.

Chiny, surrendered by France, 1697,
26, 179 note.

Chokier, Baron Sorlet de, election as
Regent of Belgium, 1831, 26, 52,

Coal, 26, 122-6, 129-30; cost of pro-
duction, 26, 131-3; export and im-
port, 26, 164, 167; mining methods,
26, 132-3.

Coal and wood distillation, 26, 147-8.
Cochin, 26, 206.

Cockerill, John, works, 26, 63, 133–4,
135, 136, 139.

Code Napoléon, 25, 38, 41, 26, 34.
Coke, import, 26, 167; industry, 26,
131, 164.

Cologne. 25, 25, 26, 86, 87, 89, 27, 8,

26; war with, 1672-4, 25, 21-3.
Colonies, Dutch, 25, 32, 36, 41, 76;
26, 36, 40, 45-6, 205–7.
Colza, 26, 114.

Commercial and industrial organisa-
tions, 26, 151–2.

Compagnie Commerciale Belge, see
Bary, H. Albert de, & Co.
Compagnie

Guillaume-Luxembourg
(Railway), convention with French
Compagnie de l'Est, 27, 23; trans-
fer of French rights to Prussian
Government, 27, 24.
Compagnie Nationale Belge de Trans-
ports Maritime, 26, 105.
Concept of Harmony, 25, 21.

Condé, canal to Mons, 26, 87, 89;
ceded to France, 1668, 26, 179 note.
Condé, Prince of, Dutch war, 1672,
25, 22.

Condroy, agricultural industry, 26,
115, 119 note; population density,
26, 11.

Congo, 26, 74-6, 164, 166.
Conscience, Henri, 26, 191.
Co-operative movement, 26, 115, 116,
152-3, 202-3.

Copper sulphate, 26, 146.

Cort van der Linden, Dr. W. P. A.,
Ministry of, 25, 65.

Cost of living, 26, 107-8.

Cotton, import, 26, 167; industry, 26,
141, 165, 169.

Couchant de Mons, coalfield, 26, 132;
iron and steel industry, 26, 135,
136, 137.

Coucke, case of, 1866, 26, 194.
Courtrai, 26, 180, ceded to France,

1668, 26, 179 note, and surrendered

by 1678, 1697, 26, 179 note; linen
industry, 26, 142; railway, 26, 90;
Treaty of, 1820, 26, 43 note.
Cromwell, Oliver, Dutch war, 25, 18;
Embassy sent to The Hague, 1651,
25, 17.

Cronenburg, 26, 184; retained by
Dutch, 1648, 26, 184.

Curaçoa, 25, 32; restoration to Hol-
land, 1814, 25, 45.
Cureghem, oilcloth, &c., industry, 26,
145.

Customs and tariffs, 26, 168–70.

Britain, 1814, 25, 45, 26, 205,
206-7.

Dendermonde, status in Barrier Treaty,
1715, 25. 28.

Dendre Canal, 26, 85, 88.
Dendre River, 26, 4.

Dendre Valley, population, 26, 11.
Denmark, 25, 19; capitalisation of
the Sound dues, 1856, 28, 8.
Deventer, agricultural school, 25, 73.
Devolution, war of, 1667, 25, 20–1.
Deynze, silk industry, 26, 143.
Diamond-cutting, 26, 151.
Diekirch Gymnasium, 27, 29-30.
Dietz, ceded to King of Prussia, 1815,
26, 209, 27, 10-12, 38-9, 41;
transfer to elder branch of House
of Nassau, 1815, 27, 39.

Dillenburg, ceded to King of Prussia,
1815-17, 27, 10-12, 38-9, 41, 209;
transfer to elder branch of House
of Nassau, 1815, 27, 39.
Dinant, 26, 180; railway, 26, 91.
Dixmude, 26, 180.

Dordrecht, meeting of States at, 1572,
25, 5.

Douai, 26, 177; ceded to France, 1668,

26, 179 note; League of Arras
signed, 1579, 25, 7.