OF

January.

DEAN ALFORD.

THE Very Rev. Henry Alford, D.D., Dean of Canterbury, critic, poet, and divine, was born in London, in 1810, the son of respectable parents. His early education he received at Ilminster Grammar School, and its completion at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained a scholarship and took his B.A. and M.A. degrees. In 1834 he was elected a Fellow of his college, and in the following year appointed Vicar of Wymeswold, Leicestershire. In 1841 he preached the Hulsean Lectures at Cambridge, and became Examiner of Logic and Moral Philosophy in the University of London. In 1853 he was appointed Incumbent of Quebecstreet Chapel, where he gained high reputation by his eloquent preaching; and in 1857 was recommended by Lord Palmerston for the Deanery of Canterbury. Dean Alford's literary efforts date from the time of his University career. 1831 he published at Cambridge his first volume, "Poems, and Poetical Fragments;" in 1835, "The School of the Heart, and other Poems," in two volumes; and, in 1841, Chapters on the Poets of Greece." In 1841 he also produced the first part of a very important and highly-esteemed work-his edition of the Greek Testament, the compilation of which occupied him nearly twenty years. Of late years he contributed articles on religious and literary topics to the Contemporary Review, Good Words, and other periodicals, and took part in contro

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versies with respect to various points in English grammar. The Dean's little book on New Testament synonyms is a collection of gems of infinite value to the Christian student. He died at Canterbury on the 12th of January, after a brief illness.

PAUL BEDFORD.

The facts of the career of this old "Adelphi favourite" are few and of no remarkable interest. Born in Bath about 1798, he appears to have taken early to the dramatic profession, and to have served his novitiate upon the stage of his native town. Thence he proceeded to other provincial theatres. It was on November 2, 1824, that his name first figured on a London play-bill. On that night he came out at Drury Lane as Hawthorn in "Love in a Village," Mrs. Bedford appearing as Rosetta. Even Genese, the most indefatigable of theatrical chroniclers, does not deem either husband or wife worthy of more notice than the simple remark that they both came from Dublin and played the parts in question. From the Lane, Paul Bedford passed shortly afterwards to the Garden, where his good voice did fair, though not brilliant, service in the operatic parts, more especially as Caspar in "Der Freischutz." In 1839 he was a member of the Adelphi company, and in the month of October of that year he achieved the greatest success of his life by his performance of Blueskin in Mr. Buckstone's clever adaptation of Mr. Harrison Ainsworth's famous novel of "Jack Sheppard." With this one character, in which the song of "Jolly

Nose" afforded a favourable opportunity for the display of his vocal abilities Paul's fame became thoroughly identified, and upon the stage he was Blueskin ever afterwards. For many a long year he was a prominent member of Mr. Webster's company, "hunting in couples," to use a sporting phrase, first with Mr. Wright, and more recently with Mr. J. L. Toole, to whose faithful friendship he was largely indebted. On his departure from the Adelphi he had to take refuge in the "Hall by the Sea" and other kindred places of musical entertainment, where he sung his once comical songs with very tragic effect. He died in London on the 11th.

REV. HENRY CASWALL.

This divine, Vicar of Figheldean, Wilts, was a man whose career ran somewhat out of the beaten track of country clergymen's existence. The son of an English clergyman, the Rev. R. C. Caswall, he was born at Yateley, Hampshire, in 1810; and after having received his early education at a grammar school in Essex, he took his degrees of B.A. and M.A. at Kenyon College, Ohio, in the United States. Having been ordained on the other side of the Atlantic, he was for some years engaged as a parochial clergyman and also as a professor of theology in the land of his adoption and in Canada : and on returning to England in 1842 he found that in order to hold a parochial cure or preferment in the land of his birth, it was necessary to obtain the passing of a special Act of Parliament in his favour. Nothing daunted, he set about the work; obtained a private Act, removing the disabilities attaching to his ordination in the States, and not very long afterwards was nominated by the late Bishop (Denison) to the vicarage of Figheldean. Subsequently he was made a prebendary of Salisbury, and elected proctor in Convocation for the diocese. In 1854 he received the honorary degree of M.A. from the University of Oxford, and that of D.D. from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Mr. Caswall's name is well known as the author of works on "America and the American Church," the "City of the Mormons," the "Prophet of the Nineteenth Century," the "Jerusalem Chamber," a "Pilgrimage to Canterbury," "Scotland and the Scottish Church," "The Western World Revisited," "The Martyr of the Pongas," "The American Church and the American Union," and other publications, all more or less of a religious character.

COLONEL SIR PROBY THOMAS

CAUTLEY, K.C.B.

Sir Proby Cautley was distinguished in more departments than one. He was employed in the field in 1820 and 1821 in reducing numerous forts in Oude. In 1825-26 he served at the siege of Bhurtpore, and was afterwards employed as a civil engineer on the Eastern Jumma Canal in the North-Western Provinces of India. Subsequently he was the projector and designer of the Ganges Canal Works, which were opened in April 1854. On his return to England he was made a K.C.B., and in 1858 he was selected to fill one of the new seats in the Indian Council, which he held till 1868, when he retired into private life after a service of 50 years. To geological and palæontological science he rendered valuable services during a long residence by the Sewalik Hills. Colonel Cautley's contributions to the proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and to the Geological Society of London, including some which were the joint productions of himself and his intimate friend and fellow-labourer, the late Hugh Falconer, extend from 1826 over a period of more than 20 years. The Geological Society in 1837 awarded their Woollaston gold medal in duplicate to these brothers in Sewalik discoveries.

SIR WILLIAM DENISON.

Sir W. Denison was brother of the Speaker of the House of Commons and of the late Bishop of Salisbury. He was a man of remarkable energy, and in addition to his military scientific learning, having belonged to the Royal Engineers, he possessed great administrative abili ties. He had occupied many high appointments in the colonies. He was ap

pointed lieutenant-governor of Van Dieman's Land in June 1846, when he received the distinction of knighthood. He was subsequently governor-general of New South Wales, and was governor of Madras from November 1860 to March 1866, and was temporarily governor-general of India from the death of the Earl of Elgin to the arrival of Sir John Lawrence in January 1864. He was the third son of the late Mr. John Denison, M.P., of Ossington Hall, Notts. He was married to a daughter of Admiral Sir William Phipps Hornby, K.C.B. He entered the army in 1826, and became a colonel in the Royal Engineers on September 20, 1860. Sir William Denison was created a Knight Commander of the Bath (of the Civil Division) in 1856.

SIR HENRY DURAND.

In Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, K.C.S.I., C.B., Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjaub, who was killed by a fall from an elephant as he was entering the frontier principality of Tonk, in India, on the 1st of January, India lost one of the ablest of her trained statesmen, one of the bravest of her soldiers, and one of the most energetic of her administrators. He was born in 1812, and received his education at Addiscombe, where his high attainments procured him a commission as second lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers, the highest military branch in the East India Company's service, in June 1828. He became lieutenant April 20, 1835, and accompanied the army under General Sir John Keane during the Afghanistan campaign in 1839, and at the commencement of the campaign showed a military spirit of future eminence. He was present at Sir John Keane's capture of Ghuznee, where the commander-inchief first encountered Prince Hyder, son of Dost Mahomed, who, with a garrison of 3500 Afghans, defended the fortress and citadel, which were of formidable strength, and able to sustain a prolonged defence. When before the enemy it was found that the siege train was left at Candahar. To quote General St. Vincent Eyre's "Retrospect of the Afghan War," &c., recently circulated," At this crisis an officer of Bengal Engineers came to the rescue with the happy proposal to blow open the only accessible gate with gunpowder. This was successfully accomplished, in the partial obscurity of early dawn, by a party of sappers, headed by Lieutenant Durand, of the Bengal Engineers, who volunteered for the duty, and who is believed to have originated the idea." His subsequent services with the army in India had extended over several of the most brilliant campaigns, and during the terrible mutiny. He served in the Gwalior campaign of 1843-44, and was present at the battle of Maharajpore. He served in the Punjab campaign of 1845-6, including the battles of Chillianwallah and Goojerat, for which he was made brevet major. Soon after he was transferred to the Indian Civil Service, and just before the mutiny broke out was appointed political agent at Indore. that crisis, by his active exertions, he drove back Tantia Topee, and saved South

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India. When the rebellion was quelled, Durand returned to England, and sat for three years at the council of the Secretary of State for India. Returning to the East, he became Foreign Secretary at Calcutta, and afterwards Military

Member of the Governor-General's Council. It was reserved, however, for the sound judgment of the Earl of Mayo to do full justice to Sir Henry Durand, and to appoint him to an office second in importance only to his own-the government of the Punjaub. Durand's commissions bear date as follow :-Second Lieutenant, 1828; Lieutenant, 1835; Captain, 1844; Brevet Major, 1849; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 1854; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1858; Colonel, 1861; Major-General, 1867. He received the decoration of C.B. 1858, and of K.C.S.I. 1867. Sir Henry married, first, 1843, Mary, daughter of Mr. John M'Caskell; and, secondly, 1859, Emily Augusta, widow of the Rev. Henry S. Polehampton (the well-known chaplain at Lucknow during the mutiny). He had received the bronze star for Maharajpore, and medal with two clasps for Chillianwallah and Goojerat, and also a medal for his services in Central India; and the Duke of Argyll, in his despatch to the Governor-General, while expressing his deep regret at the lamentable occurrence, adds, "the life of such a man is an example to the service."

SIR GEORGE HAYTER.

Sir George Hayter, K.S.L., died at his residence in the Marylebone-road, on January 18, at the age of seventy-eight. He was the son of Mr. Charles Hayter, professor of perspective to her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales. During his early professional studies at the Royal Academy he gained two medals and other distinctions, and in 1815 was appointed painter of miniatures and portraits to the Princess Charlotte of Wales and her husband the Prince Leopold (the late King of the Belgians). He diligently studied at Rome for three years, and then took up his residence in London as historical and portrait painter, in which branch of art he obtained the highest rank, having gained the position of principal painter in ordinary and portrait painter to the Queen. The late Sir George Hayter was made member of the Academy

of St. Luke, in Rome, in 1818; member of the Imperial Academy of Parma, in 1826; member of the Academies of Bologna, Florence, and Venice, in 1828; Knight of the Lion and Sun of Persia, in 1829, &c. He was author of several works on art, among others of the appendix to the "Hortus Ericæus Woburnensis," on the classification of colours, with a nomenclature. Sir George Hayter was thrice married.

DR. MAYO.

The death of Thomas Mayo, M.D., F.R.S., formerly president of the College of Physicians, and a distinguished writer on medical subjects, occurred at Corsham on January 13. He was born in London in 1790, being a son of the late John Mayo, M.D., and after receiving a preliminary education in Westminster School, proceeded to Oxford, where he became a Fellow of Oriel College, and took the degree of M.D. in 1818. In the following year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, and in 1856 he was made president of that institution. Dr. Mayo acted for many years as physician to the Marylebone Infirmary. His principal works are "Elements of the Pathology of the Mind," 1838; "Clinical Facts and Reflections," 1847; "Outlines of Medical Proof Revised," 1850; and a treatise "On Medical Testimony and Evidence in Cases of Lunacy, with Essays on Soundness of Mind," 1854.

ALEXANDER MUNRO.

The young sculptor Munro, who died at Cannes on the 1st instant, had long been in such bad health, that his recovery was generally regarded as hopeless by his many and attached friends. He had no rival in the graceful and fanciful treatment of children. His portrait busts of women were distinguished for their refined and delicate sentiment. Above all, he was pre-eminently successful in his portraits in high and low relief-perhaps the most difficult style in the range of sculpture. But though his special power lay in the range of the delicate and graceful, and found the most palpable and readiest expression in the portraiture or idealization of children and women, it would be very unfair to forget Mr. Munro's many contributions to sculpture of a graver and manlier kind. His statues of Hippocrates, Galileo, Davy, and James Watt in the Oxford Museum are remarkable for picturesqueness, concentration, and character, though the scale of the figures rendered necessary by the conditions of the

building is unfavourable to effect. His finest work of a monumental kind-and a very grave, dignified, and impressive work it is is his colossal standing statue of James Watt, at Birmingham, a work of art in every way worthy of the subject, and deserving to rank with Chantrey's famous monumental figure. After the James Watt, Mr. Munro's two most important public statues are the Queen Mary, now in Westminster Hall, in which the difficulties of a costume singularly ill adapted to sculpture are boldly and successfully encountered, and a graceful fountain nymph in marble, erected by the late Marquis of Lansdowne, in Berkeleysquare.

LORD FREDERICK PAULET.

Major General Lord Frederick Paulet, C.B., officer of the Legion of Honour, and Knight of the Medjidie, Colonel of the 32nd Foot, Equerry and Comptroller of the Household of H.R.H. the Duchess of Cambridge, died on the 1st inst. at his residence at the Albany. His lordship had just undergone a surgical operation, and was considered to be going on most favourably. Lord Frederick was the youngest of the eight children of Charles Ingoldsby, thirteenth Marquis of Winchester, by his wife Anne, second daughter of the late Mr. John Andrews, of Shotney Hall, Northumberland, and was born May 12, 1810, consequently was aged sixty years. He entered the army as lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards in June 1826, and served with that distinguished corps, in the Eastern campaign of 1854, and up to May 26, 1855, and was with his regiment at the battles of Alma, Balaklava, and Inkerman, and during the siege of Sebastopol. He had recently served on the Staff in North America, having commanded the Brigade of Guards sent to that country in 1861.

JOHN ABEL SMITH.

John Abel Smith, Esq., M.A., J.P., late M.P. for Chichester, died on the 7th inst., at Kippington, near Sevenoaks, Kent. The lamented gentleman, distinguished alike for the benevolence of his nature and the liberality of his political principles, was the head of the great banking firm of Smith, Payne, and Co. He was born in 1801, the eldest son of John Smith, Esq., of Blendon Hall, Kent, a banker in London, and M.P. for Bucks. He was educated at Christ College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1824. In 1830 he entered the House of Commons as member for Midhurst, and sat subse

quently for Chichester, from 1831 to 1859, and again from 1863 to 1868. A staunch and consistent Liberal, he took an eager part in the great Reform legislation of 1832, and was one of the chief advocates for the admission of Jews into Parliament.

SIR WILLIAM VERNER, BART.

The above-named venerable and gallant baronet died on January 20. He was the younger of the five sons of Mr. James Verner, of Church Hill, county Armagh, by Jane, daughter of the Rev. Henry Clarke, of Anasammery, county Armagh, and was born October 25, 1782. For many years his father sat in the Irish Parliament for the county of Armagh. The late baronet married, October 19, 1819, Harriet, only child of the late Colonel Hon. Edward Wingfield, son of Richard, third Viscount Powerscourt, by whom he had surviving issue two sons and several daughters. Early in life he served with the 7th Hussars in Spain and Portugal. He was with his regiment under General Sir John Moore during the memorable retreat to Corunna, and served under the Duke of Wellington up to the close of the war, having been present at the battles of Orthes, the Pyrenees, and Toulouse. He served also with the 7th Light Dragoons, under Lieut.-Colonel Sir Edward Kerrison, during the campaign of Waterloo, as senior captain of the regiment, and was severely wounded in the head and slightly in the arm at Waterloo, the first from a musket-shot, the latter from the sabre of a cuirassier. He obtained his promotion as major for distinguished gallantry on the field of battle. He obtained the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army in 1826, when he retired from the service. He was elected member of the House of Commons for the county of Armagh after the passing of the first Reform Bill in 1832, and uninterruptedly represented the county up to the last general election, when he declined coming forward owing to the infirmities attendant upon his advanced years. He was a Conservative in politics, was deputy grandmaster of the Orange association, and had always taken a prominent part in the defence of Protestantism in Ireland. Owing to his zealous political feeling he was struck off the commission of the peace by Lord Normanby, for giving at a public dinner the toast, "The Battle of the Diamond," but was subsequently restored. Colonel Verner, during the lord-lieutenancy of the Duke of Richmond, served as aide-de-camp to his Excellency. recognition of his constant adherence to

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the Conservative party he was created a baronet of the United Kingdom in July 1846. In 1860 he received permission to accept and wear the Hanoverian Order, which was conferred for distinguished services with the German Legion during the Peninsular war.

February.

MR. A. APPLEGATH.

Mr. Augustus Applegath, who died on the 14th of this month, was known as the originator of some important improvements in the art of printing. He was the inventor of the composition-ball and composition-roller, and afterwards of the steam printing-press. For his invention of bank-notes that could not be forged he received from the Bank authorities the sum of 18,000l. He also invented a machine for printing six colours at once. The patent for the steam-press was in the joint names of Cowper and Applegath. The first book printed by steam was "Waterton's Wondercap." Mr. Applegath subsequently established great silk and print works at Crayford and Dartford.

GENERAL ROBERT DOUGLAS, C.B.

General Douglas died at Claygate, near Esher, on February 10, aged ninety-three. He was the eldest son of General Douglas, R.A., commandant at Woolwich. The deceased entered the Royal Regiment of Artillery, as second lieutenant, November 1, 1796, and became lieutenant September 1, 1798. He served at the capture of the Danish and Swedish West India Islands in 1801, and in the expedition to the north of Germany of 1805-6. He served also in the Peninsular campaign from February 1812 to March 1814. He was

rewarded with the gold cross for his services at Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, and Nivelle, having commanded a fieldbattery, and the silver war-medal with one clasp for San Sebastian.

MRS. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.

After a brief illness, this accomplished lady died at her residence in Shaftesbury Street, Kensington, on Sunday morning, February 26. After the loss of her distinguished husband she came to Europe, and with her family resided for some time in Dresden. There she prepared for the press her very interesting notes of travel, and notices of several of the picture gal