*

The "Edinburgh Review" in its best days has ne- they were written, has been as much misapprehend-ny clime and gorgeous forestry; to a colored man, ver put forth an article equal in point, brilliancy, in ed generally in this country, as is the character of who duly estimated the privileges of the colonists, critical genius, to that on Croker's edition of BosPelliam, individually, by modest young gentlemen one would think that the picture would be irresistiwell, and though most unmitigated in its severity, the severity is exceedingly just: I could not think who attempt to imitate only the tailor's part of its ble, especially with such a snug little back-ground it was just when I first saw the review. I imagined foppery. as is given in the following description of a native there must be some want of candor in blame se unaccompanied by praise. I thought the faults might SUCCOUR TO THE POLES.-The following letter African village :— The houses are placed without any attention to be fairly satirized, but I doubted whether the merits from General Lafayette, of 29th October, acknowhad not been unfairly forgotten. I sent forthwith ledges, as will be seen, the receipt of the money col-form, with high conical roofs thatched with leaves, order or regularity, and are generally of a circular for the book; I have looked it through;-there it is lected here for the Poles, and transmitted by Mr. and are very dry and comfortable: the eaves project on the table, and by the shade of Dr. Busby, I think James G. King: the reviewer has been only too merciful in applying a considerable distance heyond the walls, and form PARIS, OCT. 29th, 1831. a shade in which the natives, during the heat of the the scourge --such an ostentation of slip-slop My dear Sir-I have received the proceedings of day, recline on rude couches formed of banks of such a pomposity of twaddle, as the editor has add. ed in the way of notes, no man with a tithe of Mr. the meeting held on the 5th 7ber, for the relief of clay hardened in the sun, and covered with mats; Croker's talent, ever before dreamt of obtruding inthe Poles, also the twenty thousand francs, and the the spaces in front of the houses are swept twice a to print. twelve hundred and seventy one francs which you day; and no offals or any kind of dirt is suffered to have been pleased to transmit. be deposited within the limits of the town; in fact This out-macgrawlers McGrawler in ferocity, and The proceedings could not but excite warm feelings no place presents an air of greater neatness than a is worthy in aptitude of expression of the genius of patriotic pride and personal gratitude; the money well ordered African village. of Augustus Tomlinson. In reference to these opin- and all other supplies we may receive from American The nations of this region are rather anxious than ions, we were not surprized to find in the London sympathy, will be of the greatest importance for the otherwise, that the colonists should come and settle relief of refugees from that heroic country, who are Quarterly, just come to hand, an article as warm in determined never to submit to the Russian despot. among them; and Mr. Mechlin appears to be decicommendation as that of the Edinburgh was dam- Having requested the gentlemen of the first com- dedly in favor of the colony's availing itself of the natory of Mr. Croker's book. Periodical criticism, mittee, who are still in town, to hear my communi- agricultural advantages of so fertile a country. The so far as honesty of opinion is concerned, is not in cation on the subject, I beg leave to wait the depar-land on either side of the Junk is described as aufture of the next packet to have the honor to write to a very exalted state at present in England. The the New York committee. Be pleased in the meanficiently elevated to secure it from inundation. new editor of the New Monthly speaks of its dis. while to offer to them my affectionate thanks and In some places it gradually rises from the water's creditable condition in unqualified terms, and, ir ughest respects. Most truly and affectionately, edge to the height of 100 to 200 feet; the country a LAFAYETTE. little further removed from the river is higher and recommending the Westminster Review as almost your friend, P. S. I have received a sum of money and a very more diversified with hill and dale, and covered with the only organ of literary opinions that can be de-excellent letter from my beloved young friends of the dense forests of valuable timber, much of which will pended upon, promises impartiality and indepen- Westpoint Academy, also two fine colors from the answer for shipbuilding. The soil is a deep rich, dence in the conduct of his own periodical. He young men of Boston, both of which I shall acknow- vegetable mould, which, for fertility, equals, if it concludes his observations in the following anima. ledge immediately after the American meeting I does not surpass any in our territory, and I am conhave requested to examine with mc, what is best to fident, many situations for agricultural settlements do, in the present oircumstances, for the relief of the might be selected, preferable in point of local advansons of Poland.

ted strain:

The world is awake and up: we must not lie a-bed, dreaming of old saws and mouldering fancies. In the lighter criticism we are willing to give a wide range. Letters, like the Laws in the Greek chorus, never grow old;-the interest that clings to literary men never departs.

"In them the God in great: nor fears The withering waste of years."

To James G. King.

tages to any on the St. Paul's. The communication with Monrovia can be kept up either by sea by means of our small vessels, or by ascending to the The last No. of the African Repository and Colo-head of the river and crossing the narrow strip of nial Journal, contains with other interesting in-land that separates it from the Mesurado. telligence relating to Liberia, a well written diary This is no mean acquisition to the resources of kept by Mr. J. Mechlin, upon a recent expedition this now thriving colony; and, as the Monrovians But on graver matters our friends must not be wise to explore the country adjacent to Mesurado, and seem to carry with them a share of the enterprize of in the wisdom of an hundred years ago. They must learn its adaptation to agricultural purposes. Af the country whence they emigrate, their settlements grapple with the time :-existing errors, living abu- ter ascending the river Mesurado for some distance, will doubtless be soon extended into the interior, ses these are our enemies-strike them in the face! Again: to those literary communications that are the exploring party crossed the country to the through the luxuriant region here described. Mr. merely frivolous, that mistake loose writing for light sources of the Junk River, which is described as Mecklin mentions elsewhere in his Journal that severeading sketches. without meaning, and essays being not more than three yards wide and two feet ral of the "Kings" of the country, who formerly without point, we shall be more sturdy than the ne- deep at the point of embarkation, in a canoe, but leagued against the emigrants, are new anxious to gative gentleman in Lord Normanby's novel. An object, and a purpose, we have in all things:gradually expanding, until, at ten miles from its place themselves under the protection of the co"The bee proffers honey, but bears a sting;-" source, the stream is 150 yards wide, and deep lony; a fact equally creditable to the energy to heighten, while we place on a proper basis, the enough to float a vessel of a hundred tons. At this and the moderation of the latter in its collisions moral standard of our countrymen,-that is the true point, the party embarked in a barge, and the scene. with the natives, and chastisement of their inso. object of a periodical work, to which Letters, Criti-ry is thus described: lence. In truta, the Queah (queer?) people and eism, Politics, Manners are the ministers and aliment. It was for this that our first great predeces- and at the distance of 25 miles from its source, we extended to them, been induced to settle in the vici. As we descended the river, it gradually expanded, some other tribes, have, for the security that is sors, who, even in Anne's time-times like our own found it fully a mile wide; it is very winding in its nity of Monrovia. The civilizing influence of the for fiery excitement and party controversy-brought Wisdom to the domestic cirele and private hearth; course, in some places describing three-fourths of a colony is therefore beginning to be already felt

circle, and at others, the shores, swelling out on

to the solitary morning and the social eve;-it was for this that they wrote, and it was this that they of graceful curves, which, at every turn, offered to promoting the confidence of society among them. one side, and receding on the other, formed a series among these rude tribes, in healing their broils, and effected. We, too, will be animated with the same zeal-a zeal that shall attract to our page the abili- our view a continued succession of objects, each At a late "congress of sovereigns," they expressed ties of those who share the same sentiments. A presenting new beauties to admire. We passed se-themselves to this effect :bold front to the foes of truth, and a warm hand for veral villages, delightfully situated on the banks, The principal object of their meeting was to reher friencs: a quick eye to all that passes around and embosomed in groves of plantain, banana, and us: a door open to genius in every grade; an honest palm-trees. The shores were covered with vegeta- quest us to take them under our protection, and enenthusiasm to warm, and a lofty end to guide us form and foliage, springing from a deep, rich soil, motive for making this request was to secure themtion splendid beyond description. Trees of singular tablish a settlement in their neighborhood; and their these, please Heaven, while I, at least, have an influence in this work, shall become our attributes and reared their heads to an amazing height; while their selves from King Boatswain, of whose power they have the greatest dread. They said they were well distinction. Here, then, on a new field, we pitch vines, forming a dense shade, and hanging in many branches were covered with a beautiful drapery of assured they would not be molested, if it was known our camp, and give our flag to the winds :-be that places in festoons, to the surface of the water. The we had received them as subjects of the Colony, as flag the rallying point to all who think in our prin- fertility of the soil gave a depth and vividness to they had never known an instance where the colo ciples and will assist in our cause, the green, which was finely relieved by the varied nists, or those protected by them, had been interfered This is bold, free and hearty,-worthy of the sa-hues of the flowers that decked the forest, and the with by any of the Boatswain's war parties. tirist of exclusiveism in Pelham, and the successful surface of the stream, as smooth as a polished mir- The nomination of Levi Woodbury, as Secretary assailant of political abuses in Paul Clifford. We ror, reflected with the utmost minuteness the varie- of the Navy, and that of Roger B. Taney, as Attor doubt not that the promise, so spiritedly given, will gated beauties of the vegetation that clothed its be kept in a manner to elevate the character of the of the inhabitants would assemble on the shore, in. firmed by the Senate. banks. As we approached a native village, groups ney General of the United States, have been com Magazine, and the reputation of him who now con- viting us by their gestures to land; occasionally, a The President, with the consent of the Senate, ducts it. Of Mr. Bulwer's style as a prose writer, light canoe might be seen shooting across the stream, has appointed Nicholas Biddle, Joshua Lippincott, as of his success as a poet, we have no very high while overhead, troops of monkeys pursued their gambols among the trees: in short, everything comJohn T. Sullivan, of Pennsylvania, J. Campbell, of opinion; but his talents are unquestioned. His bined to give animation to a landscape the beauties New-York, and Hugh McElderry, of Maryland, brilliant and highly cultivated mind is of the finest of which, description can never equal. Directors of the Bank of the United States. order; and his abilities, not limited in their range, A land so beautiful, and soil so luxuriant, is alwe believe to have been well and efficiently directed. most sufficient to tempt a white emigrant to leave send was elected Mayor. His opponent was FranMAYOR OF ALBANY.-On Thursday John Town. The tendency of his works, in the circles for which our colder skies,and less kindly vegetation for its sun, cis Bloodgood, the present Mayor,

INTELLIGENCE OF THE WEEK.

dates are of the 13th.

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES—Sitting of Nov. 10. ject of law relative to military promotion. The order of the day was the discussion of the pro

M. Larabit said that it was a matter of complaint

Ministry were prevalent. They are contradicted by tranquilize the public mind as to the appearance of LATER FROM EUROPE.—The Hibernia packet ship of indecision in the policy of the Cabinet, which the Courier; but it is certain that there is a degree cholera at Sunderland. "As I reside within five miles, I have taken evebrings as London papers to the 16th and Liverpool to ry means to be informed on the subject, and I feel material strengthens the opposition. The hope quite satisfied the reports and statements of this fathe 17th November-both inclusive. The Paris of png the Reform Bill by conversions among tal malady have been grossly exaggerated. Indivithe Lords is admitted by the Courier to be falla. dual opinions may be lightly treated; but so conIn respect to Continental affairs, it seems that Leo. cious,-twelve being the largest number of changes that have been printed, that I shall neither remove vinced am I of the fallacy of many of the accounta pold has acceded formally to the 24 articles laid. in favor of the Bill as yet counted on; and against my family nor myself from the neighborhood; and down by the Conference, and that, in consequence, that, are some three or four, who, from supporting, from the constant intercourse of all my people with he will be at once recognized by the Five Powers as will now, it is said, oppose it. Nothing but a the town, I feel satisfied my means of information King of Belgium, without waiting tor the assent to those articles of the King of Holland. This mon- is said, carry the Bill. A further delay in the re-ing communicated to the public, and I have only to creation of Peers for that special purpose, can, it are as good as any that can be obtained on this head. I have not the least objection therefore to their bearch still holds out. We give from the Journal des assembling of Parliament is confidently spoken of. add, the letter I send is from Dr. Brown, a very old Debate his reputed answer to the Conference, which The alarm about the Cholera, notwithstanding its army medical officer, who served in the Peninsula if authentic indicates no disposition to yield, and would lead to the impression that he must be sustain has taken the alarm, and imposes a quarantine on all cian. I remain, Sir, your very obedient servant, increase at Sunderland, was decreasing. France with me, and who is now in constant attendance on my family, and a most able and experienced physied in his opposition by Russia, and perhaps Prussia. vessels from England, not having a clear bill of "VANE LONDONDERRY."' The Messager des Chambres, however, a sort of semi-health. In London too, a quarantine against the PARIS, 9th Nov.-The great Mr. Rothschild has official paper of the French Ministry, treats this an olliers from Sunderland was enforced, while stage been sentenced to 48 hours imprisonment for conswer as apocryphal, and states positively that no coaches are travelling, unrestrictedly, to and fro, be. tumaciously refusing to c mply with the police regusuch document had been communicated to the lafion, of having a number on his cabriolet. A fine tween Sunderland and every part of the Kingdom! French Ministry. It adds--"We know for a cer- This is of a piece with the wisdom of quarantine prisonment is now resorted to a striking and admirimposed on a former occasion had no effect, and imtainty that since the presentation of the twenty-four laws generally The progress of the disorder up to able proof that the Police Tribunals here are no rearticles to the King of Holland, the Prussian Minis- the 14th November, seems to be this: specters of persons. ter at the Hague has received from his Government It appeared in Sunderland about the 1st Novem erders to insist in the strongest and most pressing ber, when six cases occurred, five of which proved terms upon the prompt ratification of the Treaty. fatal in less than 20 hours. On the 6th, six new caThis step has taken place, and we offer it as the most ses were reported of which, two were fatal. Up to that a rank obtained abroad, and not in the French formal contradiction to the pretended sanction of the evening of the 8th, twenty cases had occurred armies, had been acknowledged. Powers of the North to the refusal of King William. in all. Of these fifteen had terminated fatally, and mitted that the law of 1818 had been sometimes vio The Minister of War, in reply to M. Larabit, adThe Prussian Government has not only honorably four were considered bad cases. On the 9th seven lated, but it was always restored. He admitted that ratified the engagements made in its name, by its re new cases were declared aed four deaths. On the there were some appointments of rank in the French presentative at the Conference, but has further, by 11th, 11 new cases, besides 14 of diarrhea, and 2 army from services abroad which were illegal: one direct and separate communication, expressed its ap deaths. On the 12th, 4 new cases, besides 11 diarrhea, was made by his predecessor; for the other he was probation of all the decisions taken by the Powers no deaths, 13th, I new case, besides 5 of diarrhea. answerable. They both related to the sons of a Mar shal of France. to whom the Chamber would hard. for the maintenance of peace. After this conduct of The opinions of the medical men are most contra-ly reproach the Ministers for having opened the ca the Prussian Government, and the presence of an dictory as to the nature of the malady, and all alike reer of arms. They are the sons of the Prince of English fleet at the mouth of the Scheldt, there is positive. It is well said by the London Courier that this. (You did right.) I will even say that I should Moscowa (Marshal Ney.) 1 am proud to have done reason to believe that we shall not have to wait long "all reliance upon symptoms and appearances after have willingly done more. If that is illegal I defor the true answer of the King of Holland, viz. his death must be at an end, if those which have taken mand a Bill of Indemnity. (A voice from the right. acceptance of the twenty-four articles." place at Sunderland, do not justify a conclusion as to You do not want one.") M. Larabit had asked if In France the Peerage bill still lingered. It had the nature of the complaint." The Courier has no the Royal Guard was to be restored, because some not, at the latest date, been presented to the House hesitation in pronouncing that it is the Asiatic Choed with favor. He alluded, no doubt, to the regi. regiments of the army of the north have been treatof Peers. No hope seems to be entertained howe-lera, "modified and changed" by the climate of Eng-ments comraanded by the Princes of the Blood.ver, that it can be passed in that body, except by the land, which it adds, “bad as it is will kill an enemy." Does he make it a reproach to our Princes that they election of Peers for that purpose, and great difficul. The following letter from the Marquess of London-demanded to shed their blood at the head of their rety exists as to such a step. Indeed many to whom derry would do good by inspiring confidence. giments. (No, no.) M. Lafitte (profound silence)-I have heard dur. the peerage on condition, had been offered, are said "Nov. 12 1831. ing the discussion that the sons of Marshal Ney, to have refused, owing to the embarassing dilemma "My Lord,—The reasons why I have so long de- the eldest of whom has become my son, had been in which they would be placed. The person thus layed any communication on the subject of cholera the object of favor by being introduced into the situated, if he keeps his promise of supporting the are, the perplexity that has been connected with the French army. I am ignorant of that. I know whole affair, and the quantity of time I have been the law of justice better than the laws of war. The bill (and no one will be created who will not give compelled to consume upon it, which kept me in children of Marshal Ney have been punished for that promise,) accepts an hereditary Peerage with (conjunction with that requisite for other avocations) the misfortunes of their father. During 15 years the suicidal determination of voting the destruction in such a bustle as precluded writing. they were proscribed, and forced to serve abroad, under the orders of Bernadotte. One of them fought of his own rights; if he votes against the bill he valiantly in the days of July. I saw him, and on forfeits all claim to the title of a man of honor. this point I trust faith will be placed in my testime. It is hinted as a possible alternative to which the ny. The eldest, my son-in-law, was absent. He beMinistry may be driven on this question, that they longed to the National Guard, and was twice apwill, for the purpose of destroying the hereditary "3d. That it has attacked almost exclusively per-pointed Commandant of 'he National Guard a cheval. sons of the lowest order, living in the worst situa. They have both entered the army. My son-in-law Peerage, consider the Chamber of Deputies as ations, and whose constitutions were broken down by has obtained the rank of Second Captain, which Constituent Assembly, authorized of itself to make previous disease, old age, or intemperance. he acquired during the hundred days. The widow or alter the organic law. This would be a coup 4th That it is very much subsiding, so much so of the Marshal was deprived of her pension for Cetat in a new sense. A bill is before the Chamber that there is only one case discoverable to-day. fifteen years; her children were proscribed.5th. That the commercial restrictions are totally I thought we were only doing them justice. I to mobilize part of the National Guard; the mean- superfluous, as the disease is not communicable; thought that this justice was agreeable to the law, ing of which is, to take inte local service, perma- and that by throwing the working classes out of em- but I now learn that it was a favor. I thank the nently, three hundred thousand of this well equip.ployment, and consequently of bread, they will fear. Marshal for what he has done for my son-in-law, ped and disciplined militia, and thus enlarge to that fully aggravato the evil. since it was a favor. As for his brother, the law has This is, my Lord, I think, the substance of what accorded h m two promotions as a reward for having'. extent the disposable regular army. It is a measure I have to say at present. As the agitation is rather fought in July. If, however-as neither they nor I received with favor by all parties, but which does subsiding, I shall probably have more breathing time, wish to ask favors-if the law is opposed to their re not look much like the general "disarming" of and will be able to communicate more regulary what taining their rank, they are ready, at all times, to rewhich we heard something by previous packets.- occurs. sign it. (Bravo! nobody contests these appoint. A curious debate occurred in the Chamber on the The shipowners and merchants are in a sad up-ments.) roar, and are about applying to Government to have The 7th Article is, that no one should be a chef 10th November, of which we give a report, respect-the restrictions removed. There is a ship of war in de bataillon who has not served three years as a cap. ing the taking of the sons of Ney into the French the roads to prevent the craft from communicating tain. M. Labarit proposed that the term should be army, from a foreign service. It is chiefly remark with the adjacient coast. Vessels from here are sub-four years. able as one among many indications of a great, and, ject to 15 days' quarantine. we think, growing disposition, to all that savors of Napoleonism.

"The conclusions to which I have attained from all I have witnessed are

"1st. That the disease has certainly not been imported.

"2d. That it is not contagious.

64

dient servant.

Your Lordship's obe. The Minister of Foreign Affairs supported the "J. BROWN." original notion, on the ground of its being for the "SEAHAM HALL, Nov. 13. interest of the State. Nobody is ignorant (he "Sir-The enclosed letter, if published in your said) that our success has always been owing to our IN ENGLAND rumors of an intended change in the widely-circulated paper, will tend much (I think) to youth, not only as colonels, but as generals. At

that time of life the force of gonius shows itself, again recently declared itself, and to which he is re- Tovar, Polacias, Restrepo, Soto, Vargas, Azne. and the talents that are capable of leading regiments sponsible so long as its honour, its prosperity, and ro, &c.

battalions, and armies. Napoleon was a general at dignity amongst nations are in question, and whose The last news received from Bogota at Carthagena the age of 27. All the great captains, of ancient blood has been shed, and whose resources have been was, that the convention had accepted the second re. and inodern times, obtained a high rank before they sacrificed with enthusiasm for the well-being of the signation of Caycedo, and appointed Gen. Obando were far advanced in life. Many precautions had country. And that, therefore, if the Conference provincial Vice President of the republic in his place. He had given the Ministry of war to one of his own must have served six months. Sergeants, Sub. should determine that it cannot accede to the just naine, but a man in no way related to him.

been taken. Before a man can be a corporal he

the command of armies ?"

Lieutenants, Lieutenants, must all serve a specific wishes of the King, it only remains for his Majesty BOGOTA, 14th Nov. 1831. time, and why multiply the obstacles, and prevent to place his reliance on his good right and on the help "The Congress sitting here has declared New the man of genius from rising in a moderate time to of God; to wait the course of events; to place his Grenada an independent State. Venezuela and the armamants on such a footing, as to be prepared to Equator had separated long since from Colombia, General Demarcay also supported the amendment, chastise whomsoever, should make an attempt upon which is now divided into three States; and probably which was adopted by a small majority. his rights; always reserving to himself to act towards a Federal government will be established in a few A report has been current for some time that the the Sovereigns his allies represented at the Conference months. young King of Hungary will also be crowned King of London, in such a manner as his Majesty shall The government has made a decree this day, of Bohemia in the ensuing year, and that the States ultimately think proper. To tranquilize the five doing away with the exaction of 5 per cent. which of the latter kingdom will consequently be assembled Powers, the King informs them, that having nothing has been collected on European goods when import. at Praga. more at heart than to co-operate in the desire manifesed in vessels of the U. S. This arrangement will BELGIUM-[From the Belge of Sunday.]-The ted to preserve the general peace, always reserving the throw the whole of the business of Colombia through King has issued the following Proclamation :Leopold, King of the Belgians-To all to whom he shall consider necessary to the national interests, employment of the warlike forces of the kingdom until the U. States, and the decree will be of immense im. portance to your country. these presents shall come, greeting:The whole of the importations have been made he has decided not to commit any aggressive act of by British merchants. They will now be made by hostility, but that he will hold himself upon the defen- Colombian merchants, who have sufficient capital to trade with the United States, but have not geneally enough to do a large business with Europe." Yours, &c.

se.

Considering that the population of the territories, the cession of which is required by the treaty of paration between Belgium and Holland, were associated in the Belgian revolution, and contributed by their courage and sacrifices to establish the indepen. dence of their country:

sive.'

That, without explaining himself relative to the letter of the 24 articles proposed, and without entering into discussion as to their nature, which would render them acceptable or not, his Majesty confines

That Belgium, although it yields to the law of ne[From the Norfolk Herald of Wednesday last.] cessity which imposes on it the abandonment of these himself for the present to protesting against the form LATEST FROM JANEIRO.-The brig Mentor, Willy, territories, cannot forget the debt of gratitude which and character which the negotiation has lately taken; from Rio Janeiro, which place she left on the 17th it owes to wards its inhabitants, and which it can considering that the powers of the Dutch Plenipo- Nov. has gone up the bay, bound to Baltimore.repay: tentiaries accepted by the Conference, set forth that From passengers who have arrived here, we learn We have therefore, with the concurrence of the they are authorized to discuss, determine upon, and that the political state of the country remained unChambers, decreed, and do decree the following:sign with the Conference, a treaty of separation be settled, and that the markets were overstocked with Art. 1. The inhabitants of these places and terri tories, which are to be separated from Belgium by this diplomatic document, the Dutch Plenipotentiaries 73.4 and 8 cents. tween Holland and Belgium. Upon the strength of flour; great quantities of that article were momently expected. Coffee was scarce and high, selling at the treaty imposed by the London Conference, will continue to be considered as Belgians, on condition ought to declare to the Conference, that they are ready The U. S. ships Potomac, Captain Downes, and that they consent te adopt the present arrangement to enter into discussion with it upon the twenty-four Lexington, Capt. Duncan, had sailed thence, previ of territory, and fix their residences in Belgium.articles, and determine upon and conclude with it alous to the sailing of the Mentor; the former for the Their declaration will be made from the day of exe. treaty of separation between Holland and Belgium, East Indies, the latter for Rio de la Plata. cution of the treaty, in the manner determined upon which will be the result of this discussion. Besides, The U. S. ship Warren, Capt. Cooper, was left at in Article 133 of the Constitution. in asserting the principle of their right to be admitted Rio to sail for the North in about 10 days; crews all Art. 2. The functionaries of the judicial and ad- to the discussions of the Congress relative to such well. ministrative orders who shall have availed them-treaty, the Dutch Plenipotentiaries ought to rely upon selves of the preceding disposition, shall enjoy two- the protocol of the Conferanee grounded upon that of Appointment by the President-by and with the thirds of their present allowance, until they shall Aix-la-Chapelle, November, 1818, and by which the of Philadelphia, to be Distrist Attorney of the Unit advice and consent of the Senate. Henry D. Gilpin, have been placed in the same title and rank in Bel- rights of the King are assimilated to those of the ed States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in gium. other Powers, and which consequently places his Ma- the place of the Hon. Geo. M. Dallas, resigned. Art. 3. As soon as the financial department of Bel. gium shall allow it, a fund will be formed for the jesty in a totally different position with relation to the purpose of indemnifying those inhabitants who may Conference to that of the insurgent Government of have been seriously injured without being public Belgium; the necessity that a treaty (as was originally "more of sorrow than of anger, that we announce functionaries, and who shall be established in Belgi. acknowledged by the Conference) should comprise a the rejection, on its second reading, in the House or um, comformably with Art. 1, whose interests may revision of the eight articles of 1814, which revision Commons, of the Bill making provision for rebuildhave been affected by the new arrangements. ought to be, properly speaking, the basis of a newing the Capitol on Union Square, in this city, by a We command and ordain, &c. treaty-principles adopted by the Conference itself in vote of 68 to 65. Brussels, Nov. 7, 1231. its protocols Nos. 1, 11, 12 and 19, and which place his Majesty in a totally different aspect to the Belgians."

NOTHOMB.

REPORTED REPLY OF THE KING OF HOLLAND.

RALEIGH, N. C. Dec. 30.-It is with feelings

Ohio River. We copy the following from the Wheeling Gazette of Dec. 17:

The following is inserted under the head of Holland, The river has been closed with ice since Sunday in the Journal des Debats, as an answer of his Dutch [From the Daily Advertiser.] last. It has seldom, if ever, since the country has Majesty to the invitation made to him by the London LATEST FROM COLOMBIA. We have received from been inhabited by the present race, been frozen over Conference, to accede to the treaty of separation be- a correspondent Bogota papers to the 20th of No. so enrly in the season. tween his dominions and Belgium. The document vember. The Convention were proceeding in their In the winter of 1825-6, it was frozen over about is considered by many to be authentic :labors, and had agreed to form a seperate state of the 1st of Feb.-broke up on the 18th. "HAGUE, NOV. 3. New Grenada, with which a Choco has determined In the year 1826-7, it was closed with ice on the to unite itself. The other provinees of Cauca, it 29th of Dec. and broke up on the 17th of Jen. was hoped, would soon imitate this example. The winter of 1827-8 was remarkably open.

"Until the basis of a treaty of separation, in harmony with the revision of the aforesaid articles, shall have been adopted, the King declines to declare his A step has been taken of great importance to the The river was navigable the whole winter, and on the 21st of December it was 22 feet above low water opinion definitive upon that which, according to the commerce of the United States. opinion of his Majesty, ought to be in harmony with The constitution had passed a second reading; it mark. In the winter of 1828-9, the river was navigable that which has been established as a principle by the contains several new features which are said to be aforesaid protocols. The King, moreover, important. The convention were also discussing a until the 12th of February. On the 21st it was law relative to the public debt, another on the resto. frozen over, and broke up on the 9th of March. that nothing will be more agreeable to him than to ration of several laws abrogated under the dictator- Last winter, which was considered a very hard reply effectually to the wishes of the powers for the ship of Bolivar, &c. &c. A grant for a new road oue, the river was not frozen over until the 22d of preservation of a general peace, and that his Majesty was under discussion, from the department of Jiron January. It broke up on the 18th of February.. will co-operate towards it with all his ability; but to San Pabloon the on Magdalena, to avoid all the

declares

that this peace cannot, however, be purchased at the difficult part of the navigation. Steamboats will be The Monmouth Enquirer, published at Freehold, price of the honour, the preservation, and the well able to reach there at all seasons, which will give an N. J. has this paragraph-" Strange stories are told being of Holland. That admitting always that the impulse to trade in the provinces of Pamplona and by some of our citizens of Captain Kid, the Phankingdom of the Pays Bas, even when it existed entire, Socorro. A grant for a road from Chaparral to Tu-tom Ship, or something else, being on our coast.was not equal to the other Powers in the respect of lua, in the valley of Cauca, is also under considera. An armed vessel carrying 36 guns is anchored off force, his Majesty ought, however, looking to the tion. It is to traverse the cordillera at the most easy Squam river, taking in provisions and landing soine She is said to be full of armed men, treaty of Vienna, and the quality of an independent and lowest point, and offer a route for travelling of her crew. people, which old Holland already possessed, to in- thither with ease from Bogota in eight days. who pay double price for beef and produce, though BOGOTA, November 14th.-After long discus- within a few hours sail of New-York, where they sist upon his rights, which, as King, are equal in eve- sion, the Convention sanctioned, on the 10th inst.. might be better accommodated. Three or four of ry respect to those of the other sovereigns. That his by 31 votes to 30, the following resolution :-"The the hands have been landed, and have proceeded to Majesty ought to preserve the inviolability of its rights provinces of the Centre of Colombia form a state Philadelphia. They shew plenty of new Mexican for a nation which, by its perseverance, has long ago under the name of New Grenada, It shall be form-dollars. Whether the vessel be a privateer, pirate, been able to obtain (after a war of 80 years) its in-led and be provided with a Constitution by the pre- or public armed vessel, or where she belongs, is un dependence and its liberty, and thus to acquire rank sent Convention." Very respectable names appear known, as she shows neither name or colors, o amongst the other Powers for a people which has on both sides of this vote. Among those in favor are gives any account of herself."

LEGISLATURE OF NEW-YORK.

MESSAGE.

Gentlemen of the Senate and Assembly

of the thirtieth day of November, as formerly established. The purpose. A hope is held out to us, that the public lands, or exhibit therefore for the present year will embrace the trans- the proceeds of the sale of them, may be distributed among On Tuesday, the Governor transmitted, by his actions of ten months only, and the sums given must be taken the States. with that qualification. private Secretary, the following If we should be thrown upon the necessity of imposing a The canal debt amounted on the first day of January direct tax to raise revenue for any purpose connected with eighteen hundred and thirty-one, to seven millions, eight the public welfare, I have sufficient confidence in the patriot hundred and twenty-five thousand and thirty five dol-ism and intelligence of our fellow citizens to believe, that lars. Nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three dol- they will cheerfully assent to its imposition. They have In contemplating the occurrences of the past year, we cannot lars of the stock has been cancelled, and two hundred the tax was larger, than, with prudent foresight, we shall ever heretofore done so without a murmur, when the amount of be too grateful to the Ruler of events for our condition, as con- and forty thousand, two hundred and sixty-three dollars again want. They will not, I feel assured, require their reptrasted with that of the people under other governments. While has been borrowed during the past year for continuing resentatives to delay a resort to this measure, until the pubwe are happy, in the enjoyment of peace and plenty, without restraint, under the mild influence of institutions of our own the works upon the Chemung and Crooked lake canals, lic interests have materially suffered. choice, and laws of our own enactment, they have been agitated so that the debt on the first day of January instant, Many wise and well meaning statesmen imagine, that the with alarms, wasting themselves with internal or external war- amounted to eight millions, fifty-five thousand, six hun-revenue from our canals, when the debt shall be paid, will be fare, and submitting to cruel sacrifices in their efforts to reform dred and forty-five dollars. abundant for all the purposes for which revenue is wanted, abuses, or to revolutionize their governments. and even that it will bear some additional burdens in adWe, as men and as republicans, cannot be indifferent specta count of the canal fund during the past year, to the lacious. The receipts into the treasury of revenue on ac-vance. This is but hypothesis, and is to a certain extent faltors of the struggles of liberty in any part of the globe, whether thirtieth day of September last are: In the old or the new world. in classic Greece, heroic Poland, On account of Although the canal tolls are greatly increasing, it is doubtor along the shores of the Oronoke or La Plate. But for the tolls, seven hundred and twenty-two thousand, eighted whether the Erie canal will remain the sole, or even the wreck of Poland's hopes we have peculiar regrets. We can hundred and ninety-six dollars; from other sources, jected works diverging from it, at various points, which, favored, channel for the trade of the west. 1 allude to pronot forget that her gallant sons, aniniated by the most disinter- three hundred and seven thousand and twelve dollars. with the enterprize of our neighboring States, may compel us ested love of liberty, and looking upon tyranny every where as These receipts, however, do not include the collections to establish a rival way upon its borders. The canal debt the common enemy, encountered it in our army, and shed their of tolls and salt duties for the month of September, as though comparatively small, is intrinsically large, and the blood in our defence. That generous and chivalrous nation, in the arrangements with the depositing banks do not make means of paying it should not be hazarded. There is but this day of her adversity, is entitled to, and receives from us, these collections payable into the treasury until the fif- little probability that the annual expenses for repairs will ever fraternal sympathy. The wealth, the trade, and the external pomp of a nation, teenth day of October, be much less than at present. And reasons of public policy

do not always indicate a happy condition of the people who com The expenditures for the same time,on account of interest, may, in future times, exist to reduce the tolls, and thus mapose it. Through the perversions by man, of the blessings which repairs, superintendence, &c. amount to the sum of five hun-terially diminish the revenue to be derived from them. If, a kind Provideuce designs for all his reasonable creatures, we dred and six thousand, eight hundred and sixty-six dollars; however, the canal revenues shall be carefully protected, and sometimes witness the incongruity of great apparent national which, deducted from the receipts, leaves five hundred and they should continue in their present flourishing condition, a prosperity, while a large proportion of the population, deprived twenty-three thousand and forty-five dollars, which has been very few years will place at the disposal of the State authoriof every comfort, are absorbed in the cares of procuring the added to the fund under the control of the commissioners, ap-ties, a large annual supply of money, to be employed for any means to sustain life. It is not so with us. Here national pros- plicable to the extinguishment of the canal debt. useful purpose.

perity is the prospetity of every individual. Not a cent is con- This fund, amounting to two millions, two hundred and Among the improvements of the age, the science of tributed by way of tax, not a dollar is expended from the pub. thirty-eight thousand, one hundred and ninety-sight dollars, road making, as being most intimately connected with lic coffers, which is not assented to by the people, and employ. and which deducted from the canal debt, leaves the balance our interests and our comfort, deserves to be mentioned. ed to enlarge their means of enjoyment. Yet, with all these of that incumbrance five millions, eight hundred and seven- In governments of long standing, the most formidable advantages, gloomy patriots have presaged a speedy downfall teen thousand four hundred and forty-seven dollars, is either of our government: and there have not been wanting others, invested in stocks or deposited in banks, at various rates of impediments to good roads have been directly encounwho have employed themselves to convert such forbodings into interest, from three and a half to five per cent. tered, and works which astonish us by their magnitude history. It may be satisfactory to state, in addition to the opera- have been accomplished by the accumulated labor of Some reflecting statesmen among us, have entertained a dis- tions of the fiscal year, that the whole amount of tolls receiv-ages. trust of the perpetuity of our free institutions, from the tendency ed upon the canals up to the time of closing the navigation, The Roman roads were so permanently built, that of large masses of people to blind infatuation, and common er is one million, two hundred and twenty-two thousand, four portions of them have withstood the ravages of two rors of opinion and others, from the possibility of legislating hundred and twenty-three dollars, of which, twenty-eight thousand years. They were made as nearly level as our constitution into something different from its fair impor: thousand, nine hundred and eighty-eight dollars, were re while a common infirmity of human nature, disposes us to ceived from the Oswego and Cayuga and Seneca canals. possible, by cutting through mountains and filling up change our position, whatever may be its advantages. The nominal amount of the general fund, on the thirtieth vallies; and their surface was made smooth and firm,

The ancient democrats were composed of small communities, day of September last, was one million, one hundred and by laying heavy hewn stone in a bed of mortar. The and from the first of the above causes, were of short duration.-thirty-one thousand, two hundred and twenty-one dollars; French have great highways, radiating in all directions These examples, however, should give us no alarm, because its real value is supposed to be eight hundred and five thou- from their capital city, built after the Roman manner. we enjoy advantages for a durable republic, which were former- sand, aine hundred and eighty-seven dollars. The estimated In Holland, and other parts of the Netherlands, roads ly unknown, in the intelligence of the great body of the people receipts from it, applicable to the expenses of the govern

and in the extension of our popular institutions so as to embrace ment for the ensuing year, is one hundred and twelve thou-are made by preparing a firm foundation on which brick a great nation. Nor should we anticipate uninterrupted quiet, sand and one hundred dollars. The estimated expenditures are laid in mortar.

for communities the most enlightened may occasionally be af for the same time, is two hundred and sixty-nine thousand, Rail roads are of modern invention, more simple and les fected by the contagious phrenzy of popular delusions, and nine hundred and sixty-seven dollars. The actual payments expensive than the Roman, French, or Dutch roads, and propush blindly forward to deeds of fatality; yet in such, the out of the treasury during the past year, up to the thirtieth bably better adapted to a cheap, safe and rapid transmission clouds of passion soon pass away, and ill-founded or ill-day of September, for the ordinary expenses of the govern- of persons and commodities. There is reason to believe that directed excitements vanish in the neighborhood of their source ment, including the incidenta lappropriations of the last ses for great thoroughfares, they will not only supersede every In relation to the second source of distrust, questions arise sion of the Legislature, amounted to two hundred and sixty-other kind of road, but enter into a successful competition which always have divided, as they always will divide, the po. five thousand, five hundred and two dollars. with canals also. They are not so well adapted to general litical opinions of the people. Hitherto all attempts which have The amount of expenditures above the actual receipts of use, as either roads or canals, because they will admit upon been made to give, by legislation, a permanent enlargement revenue, was paid out of the receipts into the treasury from their track none but public vehicles of a peculiar construction. to the provisions of the constitution, have, in the most unequi- the principal of the general fund, avails of the sales of es

vocal manner, been repelled by the people. Our present cheated lauds, and principal and interest of the school fund. The directors of the Liverpool and Manchester rail-road in chief magistrate commended himself to the suffrages of his The contributions from the last mentioned source will be re- England say, in their report made last May, that they have fellow citizens, by his ability, the patriotism of his persenal funded by a transfer of securities from the principal of the been able to reduce the price of carrying goods one-third, and sacrifices, and the soundness of his views on all these ques- general fund. of passengers one-half; that the rail-way is peculiarly adapt

tions; and he owes their increasing affections, as well to the Having in my former messages given a precise and full ac-ed to the conveyance of heavy and bulky articles, and that the frank and fearless manner in which he has since avowed these count of the condition of the treasury, it will not be necessa-conviction is now general, that travelling by the rail-way is opinions and acted upon them, as to the success, both at home ry for me now to present the state of the finances more at the safest, as well as the cheapest and most expeditious. and abroad, which has attended the measures of his admi- large. The public papers have announced, that numerous applinistration. As the time is fast approaching when the means now at cations will be made to you for charters to construct these The President's recent message to congress presents a grati command to supply the disbursements of the government will roads in various parts of the State; and the questions will be fying picture of our foreign relations and internal condition.be exhausted, and when new sources of revenue must be presented for your decision, whether joint stock companies We have nothing to fear from collision with any foreign pow-opened, I feel it my duty to keep you admonished of the fact, shall be created to make them, or whether this kind of imer, with some of the principal nations of Europe cur differences and to suggest such measures of relief as occur to my mind. provement shall be no further extended. If it should be deemof long standing have been adjusted, and our intercourse is Our great aud growing State, from its extent, population, ed expedient to progress in these works, then the embarrassing is upon the footing of reciprocal good will. At home, indus and activity in commerce and the productive arts, will requestions will arise, how many shall be made,under what retry is branching into new channels, and its productiveness quire for its ordinary expenses, and to cherish its various in-strictions, and what routes shall be selected. is evinced in the public enterprizes for improving the internal terests, a large annual expenditure of money. The common It is very obvious that a long period must elapse; that condition of the states, and in a more general diffusion of indi-schools are now adequately provided for, and liberal appro- this generation and many others, and even centuries, vidual wealth. priations have been made for the advancement of education will pass away, before all those improvements, which

This state is so happily situated, from its geographical posi. in higher departments; but the time may come when the are worthy of the enterprise of the government, and tion, its feritle soil, its facitities for conducting manufacturing funds set apart for their use must be enlarged. The interests which in time will he wrought, can be undertaken upon operations, its mineral treasures, and its great commercial city of learning will in various forms require both occasional and that no general causes of prosperity can prevail, without a large permanent aid from the government; crime must be punish- the public means alone. Shall we then forbear to posshare of their advantages being enjoyed by us. ed, vice suppressed, and the helpless taken care of. The sess ourselves of these advantages, if they can be obtain

The revenues derived to the general government from physical resources of the State must be developed by extend-ed without imposing public burthens? Charters create commerce are annually increasing although our home indus-ing to sections which have never partaken of the public monopolies, which are odious to a certain extent, and trs has recently supplied our markets wholly or in part, w bounty, the benefits of the publie enterprize. The iron re- ought not to be granted, except to accomplish some many articles which formed a material proportion of our im-gions of the north should be opened to their appropriate margreat public good, which cannot be effected without portations. Increase of revenue under such circumstances, kets; and the southern and southwestern counties should, affords another evidence of our prosperity, because the de- through their various practicable channels, find outlets for them. The good to be effected, as well as the impossiaire of enjoyment increases with the means of gratifying it; their rich and valuable products. bility of attaining it through other means than private And so the amount of foreign trade is a proof of the It is, I conceive, one of the most imperative duties of a interest, is manifest; and I trust that some of the most wealth as well as the wants of a Nation. government to open, as far as it has the means to do so, con- meritorious of these applications will receive your sancThe revenues are so abundant as to admit of no doubt that sistently with other interests, all the important avenues for tion, with proper reservations. the national debt will be entirely paid off in the course of two the trade of the state. The discharge of this duty should By inserting the clause, now so common in charters, years: indeed the President expresses his belief, that it may not be confided to private interests, with its direct as well as be extinguished during his present term of office. When this incidental power and influence, without necessity. We have saving to the Legislature the power to alter, modify and event occurs, it will be hailed with great joy by the people of already reaped much profit as well as glory in the construc-repeal them; and by reserving to the state the right to this country, not so much on account of the burden which tion of our two canals, along the main channels of the trade take possession of them as public property at pleasure, will have been removed, as by reason of its settling a political of the state. These enterprizes were justified by plain indi-on equitable terms, charters for rail-roads may become doctrine respecting debts contracted on legislative authority, cations, both of their utility and probable returns of profit, eminently promotive of the public good, and I do not by a precedent adverse to the theory which obtains under go and the repayment of the debt was secured by an adequate hesitate to recommend them as worthy of your profound vernments differently constituted. appropriation from the publie treasury. Whatever may be thought of the fitness of borrowing mon- I would not recommend a burden upon the people by way e on the credit of the government, for its defence, or to pros of tax, as heavy as that voluntarily assumed by our patrioIn lending a favorable ear to those projected improvements ecute great enterprizes for the durable benefit of the country, tic neighbors in Pennsylvania and Ohio; and I hope that by upon routes contiguous to, and intersecting our canals, or who come after us the burthen of a heavy debt. No public lay the foundation of a State fund to be sacredly appropriat- the canal revenues, or retard the payment of the debt. It is no person can question the injustice of transmitting to those avoiding a large debt it will be unnecessary; but I propose to Pointing to the sources of their trade, the legislature should be extremely careful to do nothing which may interfere with debt should be created, but with ample provision for its liqui-ed to the purposes of Internal Improvements. dation within a reasonable time. It has never yet been de The means for the creation of a fund, and for revenue to supposed that companies may be formed to take charters for termined by the representatives of a free people,what extent of defray the ordinary expenses of the government, are the re-rail roads upon the most important routes, with the condimoral obligation rests upon them to provide for the discharge sidue of the general fund, the small remains of unappropriat loss of revenue will result from their interference with the tion of paying into the public treasury such rates of toll, that no of a debt, forwarded on for payment, by their predecessors in ed land, the power of partial taxation, and of laying a general business of our canals. power direct tax: the means in prospect are, the auction and salt The financial condition of our state is a source of congrat duties, and tolls of our canals, when they shall be released impelled to notice the condition of our public highways; and In reviewing the condition of our state, I am irresistibly nlation. We have large funds secured for commen schools from constitutional restrictions. and literary purposes; a large eapital has been invested in I had hoped that the people of the United States would see in doing so, I aim at an object beyond your immediate legis internal improvements; and the state owes no debt except for the justice and propriety of allowing the States to share in a the construction of its canals. fixed amount and permanent distribution of the surplus reve- Our road tax is now generally looked upon as a burBy a law of the last session, all the fiscal accounts of the nues; but the times seem unpropitious to measures for ob- then, and is worked out with as little fidelity in labor, state are to be closed on the thirtieth day of September, insteataining the necessary amendments of the constitution for that or regard to time, as the laws and indulgent overseers

consideration.

lation.

will permit. Although we some times witness opera- hinder their inmates from contaminating each other, and to on account of the mitigated punishments for similar tions in repairing highways conducted with skill, and prevent the growth of those parent vices, idleness, gambling crimes, prescribed by the revision of the laws. and drunkenness. This subject should not be suffered to rest evincing a laudable neighborhood pride; yet in most There have been four cases of conviction for capital crimes until a uniform improved system pervades our State. reported to me, during the last year. In one of those cases, places they are managed without system, so that of the I need not urge upon you the importance of striking at the I felt called upon by my duty,to arrest the execution & I comwork of one year, scarcely any thing of value remains root of crime. Every successful measure of that tendency muted the punishment to imprisonment in the State Prison for the next. If our farmers, in whose hands these roads strengthens the bands of society, lessens the amount of human for seven years.

generally are, could be persuaded that a reasonable misery, and diminishes the expenses of government in re- A law was passed at the last session to abolish imprisonassessment, faithfully and judiciously worked out upon gard to pauperism and crime. The age in which we live is ment for debt; but its operation was suspended until the first their roads, would be more profitable to them than the distinguished by the many successful efforts which have been day of March next, to enable the public to judge of its merits, made to diminish the provocatives, as well as to correct the and to afford an opportunity to make such alterations, as same amount of labor upon their farms; and that it would predisposition to vice. It may be hailed as the glorious epoch might be found necessary. The importance of that matter enable them to carry much larger loads, with less injury when public opinion has chained to narrow limits that devour-will induce you to give it an early consideration. The attain to carriages and horses, to their next market town, and ing monster intemperance; and when untiring philanthropy ment of the desired object, with as little modification of the thus raise the value of their produce, we might ex- has perfected a system of instruction which promises much existing laws, and a few statutory provisions as possible, wil pect to see an active spirit abroad to produce a reform for the general diffusion of knowledge, and its results, be, undoubtedly your aim. Brevity in laws leaves less to the in this particular. In the course of time, I should hope fant instruction which was originally devised for charity schol- mou understanding. the love of virtue and liberty. A system of in- discretion of the court, and brings them nearer to the com

a better system of road laws would be proposed, with ars, has been found so attractive to children, and so perfectly

the general assent of the community; for I am aware adapted to their instruction in the rudiments of science, that alter the constitution so as to admit a reduction of the duty A resolution passed both houses of the last legislature to that no compulsory laws on this subject will be avail-teachers, initiated into all its mysteries, are establishing on salt manufactured within this state, to six cents per bushable, unless they have been previously sanctioned by schools upon that plan, throughout the country, for the recepel. This will infringe upon no other interest public or prithe public voice. tion of pay scholars. Children are taken care of in these schools vate, and is both just and politic. The legislature will be enThe Secretary of state will present to you a full re- at an age so very early, that it is of importance to mothers, abled thereby, to relieve, when necessary, a branch of home industry, important to the country on account of the article, port of the condition of the common schools, and the who are compelled to labor to place their infants in them. I think it not improper to notice an interesting experiment and to the government on the score of revenue.-Those who operation of our poor laws. now in progress in the village of Rochester, to combine me- have embarked their fortunes in a business which pays a duty On these subjects, I am not aware that any material chanical labor with instruction in those sciences which ap- of nearly double the value of the manufactured article, and legislation is necessary at this time. Both of the sys- pertain to a liberal education. The pupils rise at four o'clock, who may be ruined by a change in the policy of our revenue tems operate successfully; and from the public interest work three hours and study ten I have looked over an ac-laws, have a claim to be placed at least within the range of excited in their favor, and their intrinsic merits, such count which has been kept with twenty students during the legislative discretion. I hope, therefore, that the resolution defects as shall be developed will not fail to be presen-joiner's work and printing, a sum amounting to a trifle short the people at next election; for their approbation as a proposlast quarter, and they are credited for earnings in coopering, will receive your sanction, in order that it may be submitted to ted for correction to the proper tribunal. of all the charges against them. Mechanical alternates bet- ed amendment of the constitution.

of December last.

The number of school districts and pupils instructed, ter with study, than agricultural labor. The institution was The reports of the Adjutant General and Commissary Gehave increased since the last year. There are nine thou-founded last spring; it numbers now sixty one pupils, and neral, which will be forwarded to you in due season, will presand three hundred and sixteen school districts in the bids fair to realize the expectations of its generous patrons. sent the mititary force of the state. The number of the mistate and eight thousand eight hundred and eighteen of Our higher seminaries of learning, as creations of legislative litia, as near as it can now be assertained, is one hundred and them have made returns aecording to the statute. The wisdom, deserve legislative patronage, that they may fulfil eighty-nine thousand. We have in our arsenals forty eight the object for which they were founded. thousand five hundred and forty-seven muskets, two thoueturns shew five hundred and eight thousand six hun- Our state prison discipline is continued with the same re-sand four hundred and ninety rifles, and three hundred and dred and fifty seven children between the ages of five sults, which have given to the system its high reputation.- forty pieces of ordinace. Of the latter, about two hundred and sixteen years; and that five hundred and five thou- The two hundred cells, ordered to be built at Sing Sing, have and twenty pieces are mounted for field service, and distrisand nine hundred and forty three have been instructed been completed, and all of them will be soon occupied. That buted to artillery companies. in the schools from which returns have been received. prison now contains one thousand cells; and nine hundred It is believed that some improvements in the militia system The amount of money paid to teachers, derived from and sixty three convicts were confined in them on the 19th day are necessary to make it conform to the changes which have the public treasury, town taxes and funds, and volunHaving been informed that there wes a surplus number of operation, that the public may be relieved of a portion of the taken place in the condition of the country since it was put in tary contributions, is six hundred and five thousand se-convicts at that prison, and learning that they might be better burden, consistently with all the objects which it was intended ven hundred and twenty nine dollars. accommodated at Auburn, 1 ordered sixty to be removed to to secure. If, on examination, it should appear to the legisla The county poor-house system has been voluntarily the latter place, which was done early in the month of Novem-ture, that the paramount powers of Congress over the subject assumed by so many counties, that we are permitted to ber last. I thought it expedient to adjust the matter thus be present an insuperable obstacle to the accomplishment of this hope that no compulsory legislation will be necessary tween the prisons, both of which had a surplus, and not to al-object by state legislation, it will be worthy of consideration to ensure its universal adoption. It has had the effect ter the districts again, until the legislature had signified its whether the senators from this state ought not to be instructpleasure in regard to further appropriations for building. As ed to propose such amendments to the act of Congress, regulatof providing more effectually and comfortably for the now arranged, all the increase goes to Sing Sing; indeed the ing the enrollment and organization of the militia, as may be needy, and of repressing idleness; and when in com- number at Auburn, exclusive of those received from Sing Sing, necessary to secure the required relief. plete operation, it will save to the people of the state, has declined twenty-nine since the first day of January, one in poor rates alone, an amount equal to one half, and thousand eight hundred and thirty one. Since the same time, propably much more, of the ordinary expenses of ad- the increase at Sing-Sing has been two hundred and forty. If it is intended to persevere in a faithful experiment ministering the government. May I not, in behalf of a class of beings, too powerless in of our system, it is necessary that our prison room should Whatever will foster the great interests of agricul all respects to lay their griefs before you, pray your early at- be immediately enlarged. The number of male con- ture, commerce and manufactures, cannot fail to engage tention to their claims upon the paternal care of the State? victs at Auburn, on the 7th day of December last, in- your attention on that account. Although our former Two years since, I called the attention of the Legislature to cluding those received from Sing-Sing, was six hundred agricultural societies, from inherent defects, were speedthe condition of our insane poor. A committee of three high- and twenty two. Of that number, five hundred and ily dissolved in most of the counties, yet they produced ly intelligent members were appointed to collect information

Our claims upon the national government, on the ordnance account, have not yet been adjusted; but I am assured that there is a probability of that matter being brought to a close during your present session.

on that subject, during the recess of the Legislature, and to fifty are confined in single cells in the north wing, the much good. I would recommend their revival by state visit the hospitals for the insane, both in our own and the rest are in the south wing. The south wing may be os authority, under an organization more simple, and thereneighboring states. They made a report to the Legislature, altered, as to construct within it, upon the plan of the fore more durable. I should not advise the appropriation at the last session, which embodies a vast amount of informa-north wing, separate cells for as many convicts as it of any money out of the treasury, or the granting of tion upon a subject but little understood by the public, and, will ever be thought proper to confine in that place.- power to raise any; and I very much doubt the policy presents powerful motives for legislative action. Recent dis- I recommend an appropriation for that purpose. It may of granting any rewards or prizes. The main object of coveries shew that insanity invariably proceeds from a disordered body; that it becomes incurable from neglect and be proper at the same time, to enlarge the prison at Sing- any agricultural society should be, to bring farmers toharsh treatment; and that of recent cases, at least nine tenths Sing. The reports of the inspectors of both prisons will, gether once or twice a year, to receive and communicate are discharged from hospitals properly conducted, restored. I hope, be sufficiently full to enable you to decide, at information on the subject of their pursuits, and to exThese facts speak volumes of reproof to us, for having so once, upon the subject. hibit the productions of their farms, their industry and long neglected the subject. With that report before them, The earnings of the convicts, at Auburn, continue their skill. Under its patronage, and subject to its goand a recollection of what they must have seen and felt if to amount to more than enough to defray the expenses vernment, well regulated fairs might be permitted to bethey have ever looked into a maniac's cell in a county poor of that institution; and I am informed by the agent at come permanently established. house, I cannot believe that the members of the last Legisla

ture refrained from establishing a system of relief for insane Sing-Sing, that the prisoners at that place have earned It is not forty years since cotton began to be cultivapoor, on any other account than the want of time, and the during the last year, forty thousand dollars. beside buil-ted in our southern states as an article of commerce, and pressure of accumulated business. I recommend the subjcet ding two hundred cells, and one wing of a permanent sugar has been much more recently introduced; yet now to you as worthy of your first care, in the hope that it will not stone shop, one hundred and fifty feet long, by thirty-they are the staple commodities of many of those states. be put aside for measures of less public importance, urged for six feet wide. Most articles of culture are said to flourish best near the ward with the ardor of personal interests. Our criminal code may be improved, by reducing the nothern margin of the zone of their growth; thus, the There is another subject which deserves to be mentioned in connexion with this: I allude to a penitentiary for females. number of cases subject to capital punishment, and by Sea Island cotton, transplanted from a more southern The want of such an institution is an acknowledged evil; and enlarging the power of the courts to punish in some ca- latitude, has attained to a length of staple, beauty and the remedy for it has been frequently discussed in the Legis- ses of peculiarly aggravated larcenies. The circum-strength of fibre, in some of our southern states, which lature, without coming to any result. stances attending the late robbery of a bank in the city renders it an unrivalled article in the market; and the

The female convicts belonging to the prison at Sing Sing of New York shew, that there are inducements for dep- sweet potatoe, indigenous under a tropical sun, where it are kept in a department of the alms house in the city of New redators to weigh, in advance, the value of expected expends itself in vines, becomes a valuable edible in a York, prepared for that purpose, at the great expense of oue hundred dollars each. Their number was 49 on the 19th booty against the power of the law to punish. This de- more northern situation, and flourishes well even in this day of December last The number of female convicts was, fect might be remedied by giving the more discretion to climate. With such results before us, we should not on the 17th December last, twenty-nine, who, for want of punish for grand larceny, and by elevating in the scale despair of seeing the vine, the mulberry, and various other accommodations, are confined together in one room.-of crime certain cases of burglary in the third degree. productions of our own and more southern latitudes, Among them are some of the most profligate of their sex, Among the causes to which the increase of convicts which are not now raised, or for the cultivation of which mingled with others who, under proper restraint and instruc-in the state prison is to be attributed, a very principal feeble attempts are made, among the ordinary production, might be reclaimed. The keepers find it beyond their power to preserve order among them. On a late visit there, one is the increase of state prison offences, introduced tions of our agricultural industry.

I noticed the decent demeanor of a female, whose sentence of into the statutes, at the revision. The limited discretion The United States census having been completed, it death for murdering her husband, had been commuted by me of the court to punish misdemeanors, by imprisonment will devolve upon you to reorganize the districts for to imprisonment for three years, under a belief that she had in the county prisons, operates, in my opinion, injuri- electing representatives in Congress. I presume the produced the death by inadvertence, and from representations ously to the city of New York, where they have a peni- ratio will be determined on in season to enable you to that she was of good character but ignorant. The keepers in- tiary as well adapted to the ends of punishment and re-discharge that duty before your adjournment. formed me that her conduct had been orderly, and that she form as either of our state prisons. It is worthy of con- Several communications, received from the respective submitted with patience and gratitude to what she considered punishment administered with justice and great mercy.-sideration whether the laws should not be so amended Governors of the states of New-Hampshire, Maine, ConThis is an extreme case of an individual remaining unharmed as to diminish the number of state prison cases; and to necticut and Delaware, accompanied by reports and by that contaminating association; but there is an intermedi- vest in the courts, particularly in New York, the power resolutions from the several legislatures of these respecate class of partially depraved young persons, who cannot to imprison for misdemeanors for such a period of time, tive states, are transmitted to you herewith. escope utter pollution. as would produce a reasonable hope of amendment. While I renew the recommendation, that a separate peni[Alter urging upon the attention of the Legislature the serI renew the suggestion I made in my last message, vices and claims of the survivors of the Revolution, the Gotentiary be provided for female convicts, I remain of the opinion that it should be built at Sing Sing, so as to be under the that provision be made for taking the statistics of crime vernor thus concludes:] superintendence of the officers of that institution. There in this state. I am satisfied that proper returns would Permit me, in conclusion, to assure you of my would be a great saving in the expense of building and man- shew, that the apparent increase of convicts, is owing readiness to co-operate with you in all such mea. aging such a prison at that place; and reasons of a moral to causes other than a disproportioned growth of crime. sures as tend to strengthen our political institu nature should influence the choice of a site in the vicinity of I have pardoned out of the State Prison, during, the tions, to promote the honor and prosperity of the To improve the condition of the county prisons should be last year, seventy-three convicts. A great proportion of

the city of New York.

an ever present care of the representatives of the people. these cases were brought to my notice, without the in-country, and to add to the happiness of our fellow E. T. THROOP, In their present condition they are a prolific source of crime. tervention of friends, for many of them had none; and citizens.

Those prisons should be so arranged and managed as to their claims to pardon, in some cases, became equitable, Albany, January 3, 1832.